Noncoherent underwater acoustic communication channel in adverse conditions is modeled as a phase-random Rayleigh fading channel,and its capacity curve is derived.To approach the channel capacity curve,the concatenate...Noncoherent underwater acoustic communication channel in adverse conditions is modeled as a phase-random Rayleigh fading channel,and its capacity curve is derived.To approach the channel capacity curve,the concatenated code of the nonbinary LDPC code and the constant weight code is proposed for noncoherent communication which can late be iteratively decoded in the probability domain.Without information of channel amplitude or phase in the receiver,statistic parameters of the respective signal and noise bins were estimated based on the moment estimation method,the posterior probabilities of the constant weight code words were further calculated,and the nonbinary LDPC code was decoded with the nonbinary factor graph algorithm.It is verified by simulations that by utilizing the proposed concatenated code and its processing algorithm,gap to channel capacity curve is reduced by 3 dB when compared to the existing method.Underwater communication experiments were carried out in both deep ocean（vertical communication,5 km）and shallow lake（horizontal communication,near 3 km,delay spread larger than 50 ms）,in which the signal frequency band was 6 kHz to10 kHz,and the data transmission rate Was 357 bps.The proposed scheme can work properly in both experiments with a signal-to-noise ratio threshold of 2 dB.The performance of the proposed algorithm Was well verified by the experiments.展开更多
Speaking competence is one of the basic skills of language acquisition.The teaching of speaking skill has been attached great importance to in College English education in China.For decades,people have made efforts to...Speaking competence is one of the basic skills of language acquisition.The teaching of speaking skill has been attached great importance to in College English education in China.For decades,people have made efforts to improve the classroom teaching effects through various means,one of which is that of communicative approach.This paper attempts to explore the design of a spoken English lesson through a case study in the light of communicative theory,thus providing an alternative to the conventional spoken English course teaching method.展开更多
The traditional ways of teaching in China put emphasis on the development of reading and grammar.So students are famous for their high marks in reading and low marks in listening,and lack of communicative competence.T...The traditional ways of teaching in China put emphasis on the development of reading and grammar.So students are famous for their high marks in reading and low marks in listening,and lack of communicative competence.To solve this problem,this study introduces Communicative Approach(CA) to the English listening class.In order to investigate the effects of the CA on students' listening abilities further,a 18-week comparative study on two classes is conducted.The data show that students' listening abilities and attitudes in the CA class is significantly higher and more positive than those in the traditional class,which indicates that CA is an effective approach in improving students' listening abilities compared to the traditional approach.展开更多
1. Introduction In educational theory, as with most things, there exist fashions and trends. Within the field of foreign language teaching the communicative approach is with good reason very fasharable in the west. Th...1. Introduction In educational theory, as with most things, there exist fashions and trends. Within the field of foreign language teaching the communicative approach is with good reason very fasharable in the west. The name certainly makes it difficult to argue with, who would want to use the ’non-communicative’ approach to teaching a foreign language? The need to communicate in a language is what makes language teaching different from teaching many other subjects. If you study geography, you learn about places, but if you only learn about a language it is not enough.展开更多
English writing is gaining high attention and emphasis in our college syllabus. It is a complicated process of written communication. In the process, the four basic skills—speaking, reading, listening and writing are...English writing is gaining high attention and emphasis in our college syllabus. It is a complicated process of written communication. In the process, the four basic skills—speaking, reading, listening and writing are organically integrated together. This paper is about the process-based approach in English writing class and its aim to emphasize the importance of process-based approach to writing. There are four parts in this paper. I start with a brief introduction to the importance of writing. Next, I will introduce my practice in English writing class. Then I will comment on the process approach and then make a little revision.展开更多
Economic globalization deepens the international communication,in addition to be known as English,the language of other ethnic has been internationally known,German is one of them,as an international communication lan...Economic globalization deepens the international communication,in addition to be known as English,the language of other ethnic has been internationally known,German is one of them,as an international communication language,is between people began to seriously,along with the increase in international communication between,the cultivation of the German people gradually on the agenda,in German,produced a variety of teaching methods in the teaching process,including translation method and communicative approach,these two kinds of application of teaching methods,teaching German further development.Based on this,this paper expounds the advantages and disadvantages of the translation method and the communicative approach respectively,as well as the application limitations and improvement strategies in German teaching,for the reference of relevant personnel.展开更多
Reading competence is one of the basic skills of language acquisition.The teaching of reading skill has been attached great importance to in College English education in China.For decades,people have made efforts to i...Reading competence is one of the basic skills of language acquisition.The teaching of reading skill has been attached great importance to in College English education in China.For decades,people have made efforts to improve the classroom teaching effects through various means,one of which is that of communicative approach.This paper attempts to explore the design of reading comprehension exercise through a case study in the light of communicative theory,thus providing an alternative to the conventional reading course teaching method.展开更多
Objective To investigate the procedure via pterional-orbital approach for cranio-orbital communicating tumors. Methods 13 patients with cranio-orbital communicating tumors were retrospectively analyzed. Pterional appr...Objective To investigate the procedure via pterional-orbital approach for cranio-orbital communicating tumors. Methods 13 patients with cranio-orbital communicating tumors were retrospectively analyzed. Pterional approach was adopted for the operations with resection of orbital roof,and the surgical advantages and cautions were concerned. Results In 13 patients,10 cases展开更多
English teaching in China has attached too much importance to the input of the target language culture,while neglecting our native culture.As a result,students cannot express Chinese culture in English,completely sepa...English teaching in China has attached too much importance to the input of the target language culture,while neglecting our native culture.As a result,students cannot express Chinese culture in English,completely separating Chinese culture from English learning,leading to the serious native culture aphasia.This paper not only analyzes the reasons for this phenomenon from the aspects of curriculum setting,learning motivation,and teachers’quality,but also explains the necessity of integrating Chinese native culture in English teaching.On this basis,effective solutions are put forward from the perspective of classroom teaching,textbook compilation,curriculum arrangement,and so on.展开更多
Communicative language teaching(CLT) advances and advocates language is acquired through communications,i.e.,using a language to learn it..Ever since the introduction of CLT in the late 1970s,disparate definitions and...Communicative language teaching(CLT) advances and advocates language is acquired through communications,i.e.,using a language to learn it..Ever since the introduction of CLT in the late 1970s,disparate definitions and interpretations of the communicative approach to language instruction continually come into being.In today's process of language teaching,incorporation of CLT has become mandatory in teaching almost any language.While the majority of descriptions of CLT accentuate the communication of messages and meaning,there is divergence as to whether CLT should be concerned about the analysis and practice of language structures.展开更多
For some time,ELT in China has been undergoing a heated discussion as to the best way ofteaching.Some think that the communicative approaches is inappropriate while others think that the tra-ditional Chinese methods a...For some time,ELT in China has been undergoing a heated discussion as to the best way ofteaching.Some think that the communicative approaches is inappropriate while others think that the tra-ditional Chinese methods are too old-fashioned.From various points of view,this paper argues that boththe communicative approach and the traditional Chinese methods can co-exist and influence each other inthe present Chinese teaching context.展开更多
IntroductionIn China,the significance of intensive reading in language learning and teaching is known to allconcerned.For a long period of time,roughly halfa century,there have been no great changes in the wayintensiv...IntroductionIn China,the significance of intensive reading in language learning and teaching is known to allconcerned.For a long period of time,roughly halfa century,there have been no great changes in the wayintensive reading is taught.As a result some schools and colleges continue to place too much emphasis onusage rather than use.The teacher spends a great deal of time explaining language points,paraphrasingdifficult sentence structures,and introducing the author’s background.Students,on the other hand,areaccustomed to accepting whatever is presented to them passively.展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese National 863 Projects(2002AA401004,2009AA093301,2009AA093601)
文摘Noncoherent underwater acoustic communication channel in adverse conditions is modeled as a phase-random Rayleigh fading channel,and its capacity curve is derived.To approach the channel capacity curve,the concatenated code of the nonbinary LDPC code and the constant weight code is proposed for noncoherent communication which can late be iteratively decoded in the probability domain.Without information of channel amplitude or phase in the receiver,statistic parameters of the respective signal and noise bins were estimated based on the moment estimation method,the posterior probabilities of the constant weight code words were further calculated,and the nonbinary LDPC code was decoded with the nonbinary factor graph algorithm.It is verified by simulations that by utilizing the proposed concatenated code and its processing algorithm,gap to channel capacity curve is reduced by 3 dB when compared to the existing method.Underwater communication experiments were carried out in both deep ocean（vertical communication,5 km）and shallow lake（horizontal communication,near 3 km,delay spread larger than 50 ms）,in which the signal frequency band was 6 kHz to10 kHz,and the data transmission rate Was 357 bps.The proposed scheme can work properly in both experiments with a signal-to-noise ratio threshold of 2 dB.The performance of the proposed algorithm Was well verified by the experiments.
文摘Speaking competence is one of the basic skills of language acquisition.The teaching of speaking skill has been attached great importance to in College English education in China.For decades,people have made efforts to improve the classroom teaching effects through various means,one of which is that of communicative approach.This paper attempts to explore the design of a spoken English lesson through a case study in the light of communicative theory,thus providing an alternative to the conventional spoken English course teaching method.
文摘The traditional ways of teaching in China put emphasis on the development of reading and grammar.So students are famous for their high marks in reading and low marks in listening,and lack of communicative competence.To solve this problem,this study introduces Communicative Approach(CA) to the English listening class.In order to investigate the effects of the CA on students' listening abilities further,a 18-week comparative study on two classes is conducted.The data show that students' listening abilities and attitudes in the CA class is significantly higher and more positive than those in the traditional class,which indicates that CA is an effective approach in improving students' listening abilities compared to the traditional approach.
文摘1. Introduction In educational theory, as with most things, there exist fashions and trends. Within the field of foreign language teaching the communicative approach is with good reason very fasharable in the west. The name certainly makes it difficult to argue with, who would want to use the ’non-communicative’ approach to teaching a foreign language? The need to communicate in a language is what makes language teaching different from teaching many other subjects. If you study geography, you learn about places, but if you only learn about a language it is not enough.
文摘English writing is gaining high attention and emphasis in our college syllabus. It is a complicated process of written communication. In the process, the four basic skills—speaking, reading, listening and writing are organically integrated together. This paper is about the process-based approach in English writing class and its aim to emphasize the importance of process-based approach to writing. There are four parts in this paper. I start with a brief introduction to the importance of writing. Next, I will introduce my practice in English writing class. Then I will comment on the process approach and then make a little revision.
文摘Economic globalization deepens the international communication,in addition to be known as English,the language of other ethnic has been internationally known,German is one of them,as an international communication language,is between people began to seriously,along with the increase in international communication between,the cultivation of the German people gradually on the agenda,in German,produced a variety of teaching methods in the teaching process,including translation method and communicative approach,these two kinds of application of teaching methods,teaching German further development.Based on this,this paper expounds the advantages and disadvantages of the translation method and the communicative approach respectively,as well as the application limitations and improvement strategies in German teaching,for the reference of relevant personnel.
文摘Reading competence is one of the basic skills of language acquisition.The teaching of reading skill has been attached great importance to in College English education in China.For decades,people have made efforts to improve the classroom teaching effects through various means,one of which is that of communicative approach.This paper attempts to explore the design of reading comprehension exercise through a case study in the light of communicative theory,thus providing an alternative to the conventional reading course teaching method.
文摘Objective To investigate the procedure via pterional-orbital approach for cranio-orbital communicating tumors. Methods 13 patients with cranio-orbital communicating tumors were retrospectively analyzed. Pterional approach was adopted for the operations with resection of orbital roof,and the surgical advantages and cautions were concerned. Results In 13 patients,10 cases
文摘English teaching in China has attached too much importance to the input of the target language culture,while neglecting our native culture.As a result,students cannot express Chinese culture in English,completely separating Chinese culture from English learning,leading to the serious native culture aphasia.This paper not only analyzes the reasons for this phenomenon from the aspects of curriculum setting,learning motivation,and teachers’quality,but also explains the necessity of integrating Chinese native culture in English teaching.On this basis,effective solutions are put forward from the perspective of classroom teaching,textbook compilation,curriculum arrangement,and so on.
文摘Communicative language teaching(CLT) advances and advocates language is acquired through communications,i.e.,using a language to learn it..Ever since the introduction of CLT in the late 1970s,disparate definitions and interpretations of the communicative approach to language instruction continually come into being.In today's process of language teaching,incorporation of CLT has become mandatory in teaching almost any language.While the majority of descriptions of CLT accentuate the communication of messages and meaning,there is divergence as to whether CLT should be concerned about the analysis and practice of language structures.
文摘For some time,ELT in China has been undergoing a heated discussion as to the best way ofteaching.Some think that the communicative approaches is inappropriate while others think that the tra-ditional Chinese methods are too old-fashioned.From various points of view,this paper argues that boththe communicative approach and the traditional Chinese methods can co-exist and influence each other inthe present Chinese teaching context.
文摘IntroductionIn China,the significance of intensive reading in language learning and teaching is known to allconcerned.For a long period of time,roughly halfa century,there have been no great changes in the wayintensive reading is taught.As a result some schools and colleges continue to place too much emphasis onusage rather than use.The teacher spends a great deal of time explaining language points,paraphrasingdifficult sentence structures,and introducing the author’s background.Students,on the other hand,areaccustomed to accepting whatever is presented to them passively.
