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Application of Communicative Principles in Classroom Teaching of Listening
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作者 Qijia Zhou 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2004年第10期1-7,共7页
In the listening teaching classes in colleges and universities, it is still a common phenomenon that the teaching is conducted in a fixed mode: explanation of new words, listening and doing exercises and then checkin... In the listening teaching classes in colleges and universities, it is still a common phenomenon that the teaching is conducted in a fixed mode: explanation of new words, listening and doing exercises and then checking of answers. Interactive activities are scarcely held. This article focuses on the application of communicative principles in classroom teaching of listening. The theoretic support for this practice is provided and the conduct of the specific application of communicative principles during the pre-listening, while-listening and post-listening phases in classroom teaching of listening is discussed. 展开更多
关键词 communicative principles classroom teaching of listening interaction student-centered
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A Review of Research on Communicative Approach to Language Teaching 被引量:1
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作者 Jiansheng Wang 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2004年第6期20-26,共7页
English teachers in China have seldom employed communicative teaching methodology. This paper reviews the research on communicative teaching in various areas, including the foundations of the approach, the principles,... English teachers in China have seldom employed communicative teaching methodology. This paper reviews the research on communicative teaching in various areas, including the foundations of the approach, the principles, the methodology and some techniques as well as the test in communicative teaching. This paper argues that the essence of communicative approach is that the students are prepared to meet the need of communication in the real world and this approach has a positive effect on students' achievements. Accordingly, it is hoped that communicative teaching approach will be more widely used in China. 展开更多
关键词 communicate approach foundations principles applications methodology
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A New Way of Teaching Listening---- A Combination of Seeing, Listening and Speaking
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作者 Xiaomei Xu 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2004年第4期23-29,共7页
Comprehending speaking materials in a foreign language is one of the most difficult tasks and one of the most useful skills in foreign language teaching. But for many years listening skills have not received the prior... Comprehending speaking materials in a foreign language is one of the most difficult tasks and one of the most useful skills in foreign language teaching. But for many years listening skills have not received the priority it deserves in language teaching. A traditional listening lesson often tends to test listening rather than teach it and does not practice the kind of listening that takes place in real life. This paper explores a communicative way of teaching listening--a combination of seeing, listening and speaking. The new teaching approach can inspire learners' interest, help learners develop a better awareness of how to listen, build up their skills and strategies in listening and prepare them to deal with the demands of real world communication. The present study attempts to measure the effectiveness of and student reaction to the new approach to teaching listening. 展开更多
关键词 communicative principles classroom tasks three-stage format
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Principles and Practice in Communicative Language Teaching 被引量:13
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作者 Christopher N.Candlin 《外语教学与研究》 1982年第4期36-44,65,共10页
本文讨论语言交际教学法的原则和实践问题,分为五个部分。 (一)学生的特点 学生的情况千差万别,才能、兴趣、需要、欠缺各不相同,交际能力、对待语言的态度、注意力、持久力、理解力、学习作风与“策略”、自觉性、主动性、出身与学历... 本文讨论语言交际教学法的原则和实践问题,分为五个部分。 (一)学生的特点 学生的情况千差万别,才能、兴趣、需要、欠缺各不相同,交际能力、对待语言的态度、注意力、持久力、理解力、学习作风与“策略”、自觉性、主动性、出身与学历、语言天分,乃至学习动机等等,无不彼此各异。如不设法适应这种种差异,就难以使学生充分学到东西。 (二)增进学习效果的条件 (1)学生必须知道学习的具体目标,并且知道如何评判达到目标的程度。为此,目标就要定得具体,学生要参加决定学习目标,师生共同决定评判学习成绩的标准。(2)必须允许学生按不同方式、不同步骤,学习不同的东西。(3)应当鼓励学生在课堂上进行语言交际,多多与同学进行有目的、有话题的交谈。在读和写上也应彼此切磋琢磨。(4)应当把课堂当作现象台,让学生看到外面的世界,应当象理科和史地教学那样,鼓励学生走出课堂,收集资料,用英语与人交谈,不应把他们禁锢在教室和课本之内。还要把课堂变成实验室,师生共同进行语言和学习上的试验。(5)应当允许学生各自选择实现学习目标的不同途径、作法和活动。(6)课堂上有几十个学生各行其是,这就产生如何掌握课堂的问题,唯一办法是由教学双方共同分担学习的责任,使学生与教师协同动作。(7) 学习就是学习处理问题,要让学生时时面对问题,而不能象通常所做的那样,总是预先替学生排除困难。 (三)改进学习过程的课堂活动 可以从六个特征来判别课堂活动能否促进学习。(1)是否让学生从若干种活动中作出自己的选择,以达到他们参加确定的目标?允许这样做,学生将会各显其能,效果胜似由教师一手包办。例如教师往往布置给学生有趣的读物,读完却向他们提些乏味的问题;假如让学生自己提问,结果必定更有意思。(2)是否让学生自己决定进行一种活动的不同方法和手段?例如培养阅读技能,为何总是布置一些枯燥乏味、目的不明的短文,提些千篇一律的问题?为何不让学生自己提问题?而且不一定要读完再提,可以边读边提,甚至本读先提。(3)是否让学生对所进行的活动各自做出不同的贡献?教师和课本往往无视学生的差异,鼓励他们作清一色的反应,这种作法只会妨害学习。数、理、化教师绝不限制学生按一个模式思维,语言教师也理应避免。(4)是否让学生学习不同的材料?现在学生在课堂上常常学习一样的课文。可否变变花样,让学生学习有关同一主题的不同来源、不同内容的材料?(5)是否让学生自己提出怎样评判一种学习活动?一般都是由教师评判,学生不知道评判的标准,不知对在哪里,错在哪里。其实可以让学生提出评判方法,师生共同拟定标准。(6)是否让学生自行决定进行什么活动?学生能想出更多的好主意。他们在堂下就常照自己的办法行事,为什么在堂上就不可以? 有四种基本的解决问题的活动方式,经常用得着:(1)让学生各抒己见,各提情况,然后集中起来,得出各种可能的答案。让学生提出问题,进行试验,寻求答案,而不是由教师提供现成的答案。(2)让学生各抒己见,各提情况,然后集中起来,看看应当得出什么结果,从不同观点中找出某种折衷的解决,还是应当允许有几种不同的答案。(3)向不同的学生提供不同的情况,由全班学生把各人所得情况汇总起来,求得问题的解决。 (4)要求学生分头收集有关一定题目的情况,拿来与某项现有资料作比较,使学生在调查、提问、阅读、写作等活动中使用语言以达交际目的,并集中各人所见,取得更全面的结果。 (四)教学活动的题目和内容 不仅要包括语法、语音、词汇等,还应当包括交际功能:(1)在语言形式(如疑问句等句式)之外,还要加上功能项目,即用语言做什么事,如询问、回答、邀请、讨论、表示同意或不同意等等;还要加上“策略”,即针对具体情况使用适当得体的话语,组织连贯、有力的言辞,例如在交谈时如何开场、收尾,必要时如何打断对方等。(2)选择对学生有意义、能使其感兴趣的主题。教材中要包含要学生解决的问题,提供讨论、评价的事情,对各种具体活动的详细描述,如交谈、讲演、写信、拟说明书、广告稿之类,亦即学生将来用得上的英语交际事项,而不是来自童话世界的东西。(3)还要考虑到特定交际活动涉及的具体言语行为,如指示、描述、鼓励、警告、禁止等等。除了读写材料,还要扩大到听的材料,包括广播、电视材料。材料来源也要多样化,展览、旅馆、公私团体,无不可以提供材料。课本中的课文可以作为起点,但如以此为限,很快就要失去效用。 (五)教师和学生的作用 教师本应是有高度才智和教养的人,但在课堂上却常把教师当作机器人,做些点名、谈话、提示、发问、检查、记录、管束学生之类的事情。应当鼓励教师做真正的教师应做的事情:(1)观察学生的活动,与学生一起作出评价;(2)参加学生的活动,而不是置身局外。(3)进行试验,通过提出问题、布置课题来研究学生的学习情况、交际能力和交际“策略”。 有人指出,善于学习语言的学生具有以下特点:(1)经常探寻意义;(2)乐于练习;(3)时刻体察自己的语言表现;(4)对所学语言及其使用者持积极的态度;(5)善于对语言材料、语言使用规律进行推理和猜测。据此应当如何对待学生?归纳起来不外:一、必须使学生具有独立学习的精神,教师的职责在于帮助学生学会更有效果、持之以恒地进行学习,为此就要使其掌握正确的学习“策略”;? 展开更多
关键词 principles and Practice in Communicative Language Teaching
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MAJOR PRINCIPLES OF A COMMUNICATIVE METHODOLOGY AND THEIR APPLICATION IN PRACTICE
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作者 Wei Naixing Jiaozuo Mining College,Henan 《Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics》 1996年第2期55-59,共5页
IntroductionTwo major components.a syllabus and a communicative methodology constitute the CommunicativeLanguage Teaching Approach.A syllabus specifies what to teach while a methodology deals with how toteach it.A com... IntroductionTwo major components.a syllabus and a communicative methodology constitute the CommunicativeLanguage Teaching Approach.A syllabus specifies what to teach while a methodology deals with how toteach it.A communicative methodology means a methodology based on real language use.in whichlearners are required to use language to achieve real outcomes.Communicative methodology has alwaysassumed a place of central importance in Communicative Language Teaching,which has gainedmomentum in language teaching in Britain as well as in other parts of the globe.Although.there havebeen diverse opinions and proposals concerning communicative methodology,it is possible to identify themethodology,which,I believe,can provide useful guidelines for College English Teaching in China.These principles will be addressed and their pedagogical implications discussed in this article. 展开更多
关键词 OUP MAJOR principleS OF A COMMUNICATIVE METHODOLOGY AND THEIR APPLICATION IN PRACTICE real
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