Ambient Affiliation in Comments on YouTube Videos:Communing Around Values About ASMR

This paper explores ambient affiliation within the ASMR community on YouT ube,investigating how values are communed around in YouT ube comments.This community consists of viewers who watch videos designed to elicit an Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response(ASMR),that is,a pleasurable sensory reaction to visual or aural stimuli.The paper focuses on the linguistic resources involved in orienting the ambient audience to the values shared,as couplings of ATTITUDE and IDEATION,in the comments feed.Because most comments do not receive any reply,rather than dialogic affiliation,a framework for analysing communing affiliation,based on Zappavigna and Martin’s(2018)approach to Twitter data,is applied.Three systems of meaning are considered:convoking(mustering community around a coupling),finessing(dialogically positioning a coupling),and promoting(emphasising a coupling).The paper develops these systems in terms of delicacy.The attitudinal component of the couplings is analysed using the Appraisal framework(Martin and White 2005).The dataset explored is the comments feed of the most viewed video on the Gentle Whispering ASMR YouT ube channel,the most popular ASMR channel at the time of writing.

莲腐败病菌多聚半乳糖醛酸酶Fcpg1基因功能研究

【目的】共享镰刀菌(Fusarium commune)侵染莲引起的莲腐败病严重影响莲的生产,鉴定莲腐败病菌中多聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因Fcpg1,分析其在生长发育及致病过程中的作用,为进一步研究共享镰刀菌的致病机理及莲腐败病菌的防治提供依据。【方法】利用BLASTP在莲腐败病菌全基因组数据中查找PG同源蛋白,并使用ExPASy等在线软件对Fcpg1氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析。通过基因敲除的方法,获得Fcpg1基因敲除突变体ΔFcpg1和回补菌株ΔFcpg1-Com。测定野生型菌株FCN23、突变体ΔFcpg1和回补菌株ΔFcpg1-Com的菌落形态、生长速率、产孢量及致病力。【结果】Fcpg1基因编码388个氨基酸,分子量为40.354 ku,分子式为C_(1756)H_(2775)N_(489)O_(577)S_(12),理论等电点为6.57,脂溶系数为79.9。Fcpg1为稳定的、易溶于水的外泌性蛋白,其信号肽剪切位点在第16~17个氨基酸,主要定位于胞外基质。Fcpg1蛋白与尖孢镰刀菌的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶蛋白序列具有较高的同源性。与野生型菌株FCN23和回补菌株ΔFcpg1-Com相比,ΔFcpg1突变体的菌落形态、营养生长和产孢量等方面均无明显差异,但突变体ΔFcpg1的致病力显著减弱。【结论】Fcpg1是典型的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶蛋白,参与对莲腐败病致病力的调控。

Nostoc commune Vauch. polysaccharide alleviates Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity by changing gut bacteriome, mycobiome, and metabolome

This study aimed to explore the protective effect and potential mechanism of Nostoc commune Vauch.polysaccharide(NCVP)on lead(Pb)-poisoning mice.NCVP improved Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity and inflammatory responses and modulated key indicators of antioxidant capacity.Moreover,the down-regulation of critical proteins of the Nrf2 pathway induced by Pb could be reversed after NCVP intervention.In addition,NCVP maintained the diversity of gut bacteriobiota and restored the relative abundance of f_Prevotellaceae,g_Alloprevotella,and f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group reduced by Pb.Also,NCVP regulated the diversity and abundance of gut mycobiota affected by Pb.Specifically,Pb decreased the proportion of pathogenic species(g_Fusarium,p_Basidiomycota,g_Alternaria,g_Aspergillus,and g_Candida)while NCVP increased the abundance of probiotics species(g_Kazachstania and p_Ascomycota).Furthermore,the metabolomic analysis found that NCVP significantly altered a range of microbial metabolites,including porphobilinogen,cromakalim,salidroside,and trichostatin A,which has significant associations with specific gut bacteriobiota or mycobiota.These altered metabolites are involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis,metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450,lysine degradation,and other metabolic pathways.Overall,our findings indicate that NCVP might be an excellent natural product for eliminating Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity,possibly by regulating gut bacteriome,mycobiome and metabolome.

褐煤Schizophyllum commune液化产物的萃取分离研究

为解决褐煤微生物液化产物成分不清楚、组成多样复杂问题,以昭通褐煤为研究对象,利用白腐真菌Schizophyllum commune对昭通氧化煤进行液化,并利用苯、正丁醇、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、乙酸、甲醇对液化产物进行萃取分离,获得的萃取液进行红外光谱、气相色谱-质谱分析。结果表明:苯萃取液中4-羟基丁酸质量分数最高,为41.60%;正丁醇萃取液中异丁酸异丁酯和丁酸己酯质量分数最高,合计为53.34%;乙酸乙酯萃取液中4,6-二(1,1-二甲基乙基)-2-甲基苯酚质量分数最高,为40.49%,其次是含2~3个取代基的取代苯,合计为38.63%。萃取分离能将液化产物进行相对分离与提浓,为液化产物的应用奠定了技术基础。

Review of Two Years of Surgical Activities of the General Surgery Department of the Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako Mali

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the surgical activities carried out in the general surgery department of the Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako, to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of the operated patients, to determine the main pathologies encountered and to evaluate qualitatively the result of the treatment. In order to improve performance, and the quality of care, and to identify common pathologies in the surgical department, we undertook a retrospective study on surgical activities from January 2009 to December 2010. At the end of this study, out of 474 men and 187 women (equal sex ratio 2.53);we were able to determine the frequency of surgical pathologies. Farmers, housewives and pupils/students were the most represented with 25.9% respectively;20% and 13.3%. The most frequently observed pathologies were wall hernia (44.8%), prostate adenoma (12%) and acute appendicitis (10.5%). The average length of hospitalization was 3.43 days. Infectious complications affected 25 patients (3.8% of cases) and a death rate of 0.45% (i.e. 3 patients). The average cost of care was 53,500 FCFA. Indeed, the reality of surgical practice in health centers was not the same because of the level of skills of practicing surgeons.

一种新的豇豆根腐病病原菌鉴定及室内药剂筛选

本文对四川成都发生的豇豆根腐病病原菌进行鉴定,为豇豆根腐病的药剂防治提供依据。采集了成都市豇豆种植区豇豆根腐病病株,经常规组织分离并纯化获得116株分离菌株,对分离菌株进行致病性测定、形态学鉴定及rDNA-ITS序列分析。结果表明,分离到的镰孢菌中有10株为Fusarium commune,分离频率为8.62%。对该10株菌进行致病性测定,均为致病菌株;其中MW4-11菌株致病性最强。该致病菌株的最适生长温度为25~30℃,菌丝致死温度为70℃。选用7种杀菌剂通过平皿培养法对MW4-11菌株进行室内毒力测定。结果表明,75%肟菌·戊唑醇水分散粒剂对该致病菌株的毒性最强,EC50为0.030μg/mL。

地木耳提取物水溶液对花卉营养生长及开花的影响

在温室条件下,用1%的地木耳提取物水溶液对瓜叶菊(Seneciocruentus)、万寿菊(Tageteserecta)、矮牵牛(Petuniahybrida)、香石竹(Dianthuscaryophyllus)、一品红(Euphorbiapulcherrima)、仙客来(Cyclamenpersium)、一串红(Salviasplendens)等7种花坛花进行叶面喷施后,结果表明,7种花的株高、冠径、株鲜重、叶片数目、叶长、根长比对照均有显著增加(P<0.05);万寿菊,矮牵牛,一品红,一串红的平均株干重有显著增加,而瓜叶菊,香石竹,仙客来的平均株干重增加不显著(P>0.05);除了香石竹的叶宽有显著增加外,其余6种花的叶宽对1%地木耳提取物水溶液的反应不敏感;而7种花卉的叶厚都没有显著的变化。提取物水溶液还可促进花提早开花,增加花数目,并延长花期。

不同地区地木耳多糖红外光谱与抗氧化活性研究

为了研究不同地区地木耳(Nostoc commune Vauch.)多糖的结构与体外抗氧化活性,用苯酚-硫酸法测定地木耳多糖含量,用傅里叶变换红外光谱法分析多糖结构,用清除DPPH自由基法、清除超氧阴离子法、清除羟基自由基法测定不同地区地木耳多糖体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,不同地区地木耳多糖含量有差异,蓬溪和名山地木耳多糖含量高于南部地木耳多糖,含量分别为(18.29%±0.21%)和(17.18%±0.17%)。不同地木耳多糖红外光谱峰形、位置相似,但峰强有差异。地木耳多糖对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子、羟基自由基具有较强的清除能力;地木耳多糖抗氧化活性比地木耳提取液强,但比维生素C弱;随着浓度增加,地木耳多糖抗氧化活力增强;蓬溪和名山地木耳多糖抗氧化活性强于南部地木耳多糖抗氧化活性。由此说明,不同地区地木耳多糖含量与其组成有差异,不同地区地木耳多糖抗氧化活性差异大。

地木耳乙醇提取物的抑菌机理及化妆品功效研究

采用醇提取法对地木耳(Nostoc commune Vauch)活性成分进行提取,以地木耳乙醇提取物与大肠杆菌作用前后细菌培养液的电导率、可溶性总糖和总蛋白质浓度变化,探究地木耳乙醇提取物对大肠杆菌的抑菌机理,对配制出的化妆品,进行了稳定性、安全性、保湿、美白等测试。结果表明,在经过地木耳乙醇提取物处理后,大肠杆菌培养液的电导率、可溶性总糖和总蛋白质浓度均有不同程度的升高。配制的化妆品安全性、稳定性良好,且具一定的美白、保湿性。地木耳乙醇提取物可使大肠杆菌细胞膜发生破损,所开发的化妆品细腻温和、质地稳定均一、安全无毒副作用,并具有美白、保湿等功效。

不同环境因子对深圳海滨地木耳生长和多糖特性的影响

采用正交试验分析了不同环境条件对念珠藻地木耳(Nostoc commune Vauch)生物量和多糖分泌的影响。结果表明,在适宜的温度、光强、盐度和UV-B处理对地木耳的生长、胞外多糖分泌及其抗氧化能力有明显的促进作用。培养条件为光照强度100μmol/(m2·s)、温度30℃、Na Cl浓度0 mmol/L和UVB辐射强度10 k J/(m2·d)时,地木耳有最大的相对生长率;光照强度200μmol/(m2·s)、温度35℃、Na Cl浓度40 mmol/L和UV-B辐射强度20 k J/(m2·d)时,胞外多糖的分泌强度最高,温度和UV-B处理分别对相对生长率和胞外多糖含量的提高有显著效果。

果蔗根腐病病原菌分离鉴定及生物学特性分析

近年来广东省果蔗区根腐病病情连年加重,造成大面积减产,已经成为制约果蔗产业可持续健康发展的关键因素之一。为明确果蔗根腐病的病原菌种类及发病特点,本试验于广州果蔗种植区采集根腐病发病样品,采用传统组织分离法对样品进行病原菌分离,并对分离菌株进行形态学观察、分子生物学鉴定和致病性测定。结果表明,共分离27株菌,利用扫描电子显微镜、光学显微镜进行形态学观察,发现6株与镰刀菌形态特征相似的菌株。使用SDS法提取DNA,采用ITS1和ITS4、EF1和EF2引物进行扩增,结果显示供试菌株与Fusarium commune(共享镰刀菌)处于同一分支,因此将该6株分离菌株鉴定为F.commune。通过柯赫氏法则验证,初步确定F.commune为广州果蔗根腐病的病原菌,其中gx4-46菌株接种果蔗根系后的发病率高达79.96%,显著高于其他菌株。对强致病性菌株gx4-46的生物学特性进行初步分析,发现LA培养基为病原菌的最适培养基,24℃为该菌株菌丝生长的最适温度,pH=7最适合病原菌的生长。本研究对引起果蔗根腐病的病原菌进行鉴定并分析了其生物学特征,为果蔗根腐病的防治及病原菌的研究奠定了基础。

Chemical profile of the secondary metabolites produced by a deep-sea sediment-derived fungus Penicillium commune SD-118

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract from Penicillium commune SD-118, a fungus obtained from a deep-sea sediment sample, resulted in the isolation of a known antibacterial compound, xanthocillin X (1), and 14 other known compounds comprising three steroids (2-4), two ceramides (5 and 6), six aromatic compounds (7-12), and three alkaloids (13-15). Xanthocillin X (1) was isolated for the first time from a marine fungus. In the bioassay, xanthocillin X (1) displayed remarkable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HepG2, H460, Hela, Du145, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Meleagrin (15) exhibited cytotoxicity against HepG2, Hela, Du145, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. This is the first report of the cytotoxicity of xanthocillin X (1).

Effects of Lanthanum on Liquid Culture and Contents of Amino Acids ofNostoc Commune Flagelliforme Cells

The effects of La(NO3)(3) on the liquid culture and the contents of amino acids of Nostoc commune flagelliforme cells were studied. It is indicated from the experimental results that the growth of Nostoc commune flagelliforme cells can be stimulated by La(NO3)(3) at the concentrations from 1 to 200 mg.L-1, and among them the treatment of 100 mg.L-1 La(NO3)(3) has the largest A(670) and dry weight which increased by 64.9% and 61.1%, respectively as compared with the control, and La(NO3)(3) can also influence the contents of some kinds of amino acids in Nostoc commune flagelliforme cells. The contents of aspartic acid and glutamic acid decreased by 59.9% and 57.9%, respectively, and that of proline increased by 24.5% with the treatment of 200 mg.L-1 La(NO3)(3).

Selenium Content and Antioxidant Potential of Some Edible Wild Mushrooms from Bandundu Area, DR Congo

Nutrition is an important aspect of public health because it is linked to many significant diseases and health problems. This work is part of the promotion of traditional foods from the Democratic Republic of Congo in general and in the province of Bandundu, in particular by assessing the selenium content and the antioxidant capacity of wild edible mushrooms. Methanolic extracts from selected mushrooms were characterized for their chemical fingerprint by TLC and their in vitro antioxidant activities using ABTS, DPPH assays. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, free amines, steroids and terpenes in all species. However, Auricularia delicata and Pleurotus tuberregium contain flavonoids. All extracts displayed a good radical-scavenging activity at the concentration range 1 - 300 μg/mL in the following order: Auricularia delicata > Lentinus cf cladopus > Pleurotus tuberregium > Marasmius buzungolo > Schizophillum commune. Studied mushrooms showed the interest quantity of selenium and L. cf cladodus had the highest concentration. Moderate selenium content of these wild mushrooms associated with their important antioxidant activities could provide health benefits to Bandundu’s populations in protecting against oxidative damage under different conditions including konzo.

Effects of Ethanol Addition and Biological Pretreatment on Soda Pulping of Eulaliopsis binata

Morphological characteristics and proximate chemical analysis of E. binata showed it as a suitable raw material for writing and printing grade paper. Maximum pulp yield (43.58%) of kappa number 17.38 with 0.9% screening rejects was obtained at 12% of active alkali (as Na2O) pulping temperature 130&degC, cooking time 120 min and solid to liquor ratio 1:4. During bio-soda pulping of E. binata, pulp yield decreased slightly while pulp brightness, tensile index, burst index and double fold numbers were improved by 4.1%, 24.94%, 14.03% and 48.45% respectively compared to soda pulping. During ethanol-soda pulping of E. binata, pulp yield, pulp brightness, tensile index, burst index and double fold numbers were improved by 3.9%, 6.6%, 32.18%, 35.40% and 77.31% respectively compared to soda pulping.

Combining ectomycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to enhance salt tolerance of Metasequoia glyptostroboides

Plant growth and productivity are negatively affected by soil salinity.This study investigated the effects of the rhizosphere-promoting bacterium,Bacillus paramycoides JYZ-SD5,and the ectomycorrhizal fungus,Schizophyllum commune Be,on the growth of Metasequoia glyptostroboides under salt stress.Changes in biomass,root growth,root ion distribution and in vivo enzyme activities were determined under different treatments(Be,JYZ-SD5,and Be+JYZ-SD5).The results show that all inoculations increased chlorophyll content,shoot length and root diameter with or without salt stress,and the effect of Be+JYZ-SD5was the strongest.JYZ-SD5 and Be+JYZ-SD5 treatments significantly increased root length,surface area,bifurcation number,tip number,main root length and diameter under salt stress.Normal chloroplast structures developed under both single and double inoculations.Relative to the control,root activities of M.glyptostroboides in the Be,JYZSD5,and Be+JYZ-SD5 treatments increased by 31.3%,17.2%,and 33.7%.All treatments increased the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATPase and Ca^(2+)-Mg^(2+)-ATPase.The strongest effect was by Be+JYZ-SD5.Analysis of root ion distribution showed that,under salt stress,Na^(+)and K^(+)decreased and were concentrated in the epidermis or cortex.Na/K ratios also decreased.The Be+JYZ-SD5 treatment increased betaine by 130.3%and 97.9%under 50 mM and 100 mM salt stress,respectively.Together,these changes result in the activation of physiological and biochemical processes involved in the mitigation of salinity-induced stress in M.glyptostroboides.

Descriptions of two new record species of Scutellonema (Nematoda:Tylenchida) from China

From 2011 to 2012, we collected Scutellonema commune from the rhizosphere soil of coconut （cocos nucifera L.） and Scutellonema magniphasma from the rhizosphere soil of Rosa chinensis in Shenyang, China. S. commune was characterized by rounded scutella, which was varied from two annules anterior to the anus and five annules posterior. The lateral field was not areolated at the level of scutella. S. magniphasma was characterized by varying scutellum, about 7.0 μm in diameter, in position from four annules posterior to four annules anterior to the anus, and areolated at the level of the scutellum.

Purification and characterization of schizophyllan from Schizophyllum commune

The schizophyllan from Schizophyllum commune was purified and characterized. The crude schizo-phyllan was obtained from Schizophyllum commune fermentation broth by decoloration with activated carbon,followed by deproteinization with Sevag method and ethanol precipitation. The pure schizophyllan was obtained by gel filtration chromatography with Sephacryl S-500,and its molecular characteristics were examined. The result showed that the molecular weight was 3.8×104 ,and the schizophyllan consisted of glucose with β-(1→6)-glucosidic linkages.

The "Two Leaps" and Chinese Agricultural Modernization

The "Two Leaps" put forward by Deng xiao-ping on agriculture are expounded in the paper. The first leap is from the people's commune to family land contract operation system. The weaknesses of people's commune and innovation of family land contract operation system are analyzed. It is pointed out that the family contact operation system is the expansion and development of collective economy. The second leap is to develop appropriate scale operation and collective economy. The shortages of family contract system are analyzed. It is put forward that realizing scale operation of agriculture is the necessary demand for production development and collective economy road is the inevitable way for realizing Chinese agricultural appropriate scale operation. "Two leaps" gives clears way of agricultural modernization:consolidating the thoughts of starting from the reality, insisting the guidance of the fundamental position of agriculture and further promoting agricultural development; persistently stabilizing and perfecting rural basic operation system and timely promote rural system innovation; stimulating the thought that science and technology is the prior productiveness and developing agricultural modernization in a better and faster way.

Integrated Weed Management Strategies Effects on Agronomic Performance of Rainfed and Irrigated Rice

Weeds cause significant production losses estimated at 25%in tropical countries and constitute main factor limiting rice production in Madagascar.This research,which was conducted at Anosibe-Ifanja(Antananarivo,Madagascar),aims to propose the most cost-effective weed management strategies for both irrigated and rainfed rice system to improve rice production.To make the management of these potential rice weeds effective,two cultural practices were tested as good agricultural and farmers’practices on two rice systems.A phytoecological study and a floristic inventory were carried out on test plots,followed by an economic profitability analysis of management strategies.In rainfed rice,a greater number of species were inventoried(42 species in 14 families)than in irrigated rice(37 species in 9 families).The most important families found in both systems were Poaceae and Cyperaceae.But in rainfed rice,two other families are also dominant:Fabaceae and Asteraceae.The study on weed management strategy showed that adoption of in-season and out-of-season tillage combined with regular weeding is effective for weed control in irrigated rice.As far as rainfed rice is concerned,improved farming practice by integrating in-season tillage with aerial ploughing combined with the use of pre-emergence herbicide pendimethalin is more cost-effective.This research has resulted in an in-depth knowledge of rice weeds and weed control strategies that are only feasible with mechanization or animal traction.