Impact Factors on Distribution and Characteristics of Natural Plant Community in Reclamation Zones of Changjiang River Estuary

To identify impact factors on the distribution and characters of natural plants community in reclamation area, with survey data from 67 plant quadrats in July 2009, soil properties data from 216 sampling points in April 2009, and TM (30 m) data in 2006, the composition and characteristics of natural plants community in different time of the Fengxian area in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary were analyzed with two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The results show that: 1) The plant communities in the reclaimed area are mainly mesophytes and helophytic-mesophytic transitional communities, showing a gradient distribution trend with the change in reclamation years. Species richness (MA), species diversity (H) and above-ground biomass also increase with the increase of reclamation years. Nevertheless, they appear to decline slightly in the middle and late reclamation period (> 30 years). 2) With the rise in land use levels, the changes in species richness and species diversity tend to increase at first and then decrease; species dominance (D), however, tends to decline; and above-ground biomass increases slightly. 3) The distribution of the plant community is mainly influenced by the following factors: land use levels (R = 0.55, p < 0.05), soil moisture (R = 0.53, p < 0.05), soil salinity (R = 0.43, p < 0.05) and reclamation time (R = 0.40, p < 0.05).

Local Perception on the Exploitation, the Current State and Taboos Related to Pangolins (Pholidota, Mammalia) by the Communities Living in the Tayna Nature Reserve and Its Surroundings (RNT) North Kivu DRC

Pangolins are currently considered the most endangered mammal species due to their high rank in local and international traffic. This species is protected in DRC and worldwide, unfortunately it is threatened by numerous human actions. The objective of this study is to identify the different reasons for which these animals are exploited, to provide information to determine from the opinions of the respondents the current state of the population from 2015 to today and to identify their hunting techniques by the local populations. We carried out surveys in the households of hunters, farmers and people practicing other professions in 12 villages, located within the RNT and surroundings areas. Two interview techniques were used: the individual interview and the participatory diagnostic technique. 175 people were interviewed individually. Nearly 97% of our respondents are motivated to consume pangolin as bush meat obtaining by hunting. The main reason for eating pangolin meat is 44% preference and 33% habit. The zone does not know the foreign solicitation of the exploitation of pangolins and its derivatives. The opinions of the population regarding the current state of pangolin in the Tayna Nature Reserve indicate that from 2015 to the present day the common pangolin “Manis tricuspis” has been abundant. Hunters use different hunting techniques, dominated by pickup for the Manis tricuspis, digging burrow, fire at the entrance of the burrow for Manis gigantea and the shotgun for the Manis tetradactyla.

The Application of the Concept of"Nearly Natural"Plant Community in the Optimization of Coastal Ecological Space

The overexploitation of the natural environment caused by urbanization makes more and more natural and semi-natural plant communities gradually lack,which causes a lot of irreversible damage to the environment.Therefore,it is very important to carry out ecological environment construction in all fields of urban construction.In this paper,based on theory and method of plant landscape construction under the concept of"nearly natural"plant community,through the investigation and analysis on plant species,distribution,and structural characteristics of plant community in Baguang District of Shenzhen,regional native plant species are summarized,and structural characteristics of original zonal plant community are simulated.The research aims to provide a reference basis for creating a coastal plant landscape with subtropical marine climate for Baguang and even Lingnan,constructing near natural ecological park according to local conditions,forming the pattern well-coordinated with the local natural ecosystem,and carrying out protection of the regional ecological environment.

The ecological response of natural phytoplankton population and related metabolic rates to future ocean acidification

Ocean acidifi cation(OA)and global warming-induced water column stratification can signifi cantly alter phytoplankton-related biological activity in the marine ecosystem.Yet how these changes may play out in the tropical Indian Ocean remains unclear.This study investigated the ecological and metabolic responses of the different phytoplankton functional groups to elevated CO_(2) partial pressure and nitrate deficiency in two different environments of the eastern Indian Ocean(EIO).It is revealed that phytoplankton growth and metabolic rates are more sensitive to inorganic nutrients rather than CO_(2).The combined interactive effects of OA and N-limitation on phytoplankton populations are functional groupspecific.In particular,the abundance and calcification rate of calcifying coccolithophores are expected to be enhanced in the future EIO.The underlying mechanisms for this enhancement may be ascribed to coccolithophore’s lower carbon concentrating mechanisms(CCMs)efficiency and OA-induced[HCO^(-)_(3)]increase.In comparison,the abundance of non-calcifying microphytoplankton(e.g.,diatoms and dinoflagellates)and primary productivity would be inhibited under those conditions.Diff erent from previous laboratory experiments,interspecifi c competition for resources would be an important consideration in the natural phytoplankton populations.These combined factors would roughly determine calcifying coccolithophores as“winners”and non-calcifying microphytoplankton as“losers”in the future ocean scenario.Due to the large species-specific differences in phytoplankton sensitivity to OA,comprehensive investigations on oceanic phytoplankton communities are essential to precisely predict phytoplankton ecophysiological response to ocean acidification.

Pursuing the Nature of Community: Community Building Practice and Reflections

Community is an important part of people’s life and a major link in social structure and social networks,so it directly affects the integration and order of society as a whole.The nature of community is the foundation on which a community and society can exist and develop.Traditional resources should be activated under market economy conditions.As well,we should take the overall and long-term interests of human beings as the fundamental reason and goal.The thinking about the rural areas governance in China largely falls into the category of developmentalism,only (or mainly) emphasizing the economic growth in rural areas,and the construction of the nature of community has been neglected.To build a xiaokang society in an all-round way,in concrete situations,is how to re-build communities.

Diversity of insect communities with different development phases in natural Populus euphratica forests in Xinjiang

An investigation method with sample plots was used to study insect communities in four different growth phases of natural Populus euphratica forests, which are juvenile, middle aged, over-mature and degraded forests, in Tarim, Xinjiang in July, 2005 and April, 2006. In our studies, 5,116 insect specimens, belonging to 12 orders, 61 families and 141 species, were collected. Lepidoptera and Coleoptera were the dominant orders. In middle-aged forests, species, individual numbers and diversity indices of insect com-munities were higher than those in other woodlands. The species richness and diversity indices were lowest in degraded forests be-cause of extremely scarce vegetation.

An Ample and Vigorous Forestry and Nature Protection Community Area

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