Systematic Review of Community Type 2 Diabetes Structured Health Education (CT2DSHE)

Aim: This paper aims to evaluate disparities of type 2 diabetes structured health education programmes that is utilised within the communities. Design: systematic review, (a type of secondary research design) aiming to summarize the results of prior primary research studies on available evidence Community type 2 diabetes structured education (CT2DSHE). Methods: Research question: Type 2 diabetic structured health education within a community how effective is it? Qualitative Systematic review, defined as a way to get reliable and objective picture of current available evidence on the specific topic—(CT2DSHE), (Denscombe, 2021) through reflexivity synthesis of available data as an example. This is valuable in time constraints such as project assignments that must be met within specific time and also to bring together available evidence together [1]. Results: This review has shown that CT2DSHE is effective with seven out of the eleven authors supporting, three authors against and one was neutral, further showed that knowledge and skills acquired can last longer with patient activation improved among T2DM patients ideal for sustaining their self-management of T2DM. Conclusion: This research provides suggestive answers to the research question: “Type 2 diabetic structured health education within a community how effective is it?”, This has demonstrated CT2DSHE effectiveness in knowledge acquisition and improving T2DM awareness among T2DM patients, whilst evidencing long effects beyond the study times of 3 - 9 months period in relation to patient activation. Also Identified diabetes education self-management on newly diagnosed (DESMOND) patient as CT2DSHE program for recommendation. Patient or Public Contribution: This work aspires to contribute to CT2DSHE in these areas;Influencing policy decision-making for community diabetes care within the UK and world at large., Contributing to already vast knowledge on diabetes self-management and reasons why?, Influencing educators on how CT2DSHEP are designed, delivered by putting the patient at the Centre and bringing different perspectives on CT2DSHEP in one place that is serving users time of having to consult several resources especially busy clinicians [2] [3].

A comprehensive health education plus monitoring support program for older adults with knee osteoarthritis coexisting with overweight and type 2 diabetes

Objectives:To examine the patient outcomes of a comprehensive health education plus village health volunteer monitoring support program on older adults with knee osteoarthritis who are overweight and have type 2 diabetes.Methods:Quasi-experimental,two-group,pretest-posttest design was applied.Using random geographic cluster sampling,older adults who met the inclusion criteria were assigned to two groups,62 in the intervention group and 71 in the control group.The intervention group received the comprehensive health education plus village health volunteer monitoring support program.The control group received only the comprehensive health education program.Study outcomes,including blood glucose level,knee pain and range of motion,body weight,physical ability(Timed Up and Go Test),fatigue,depressive symptoms,quality of sleep,and quality of life,were assessed at baseline,3 months,and 6 months after enrollment and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance.Results:One hundred and ten participants completed the study(55 participants in each group).Most patient outcomes in the two groups showed general improvement with statistical significance(P<0.001):pain decreased,physical ability improved,less depressive symptoms and fatigue,quality of life and sleep improved.The interaction effect(the group and time)demonstrated statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups on pain,knee range of motion,and fatigue according to each time follow-up(P<0.001).Conclusions:The comprehensive health education plus village health volunteer monitoring support program promotes good patient outcomes in this population.The integrated health education resource and support for older adults with knee osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetes is an effective,non-surgical treatment that highlights professional nursing roles and non-professional rolesdvillage health volunteers.Nurses should consider implementing a health education plus monitoring support program to mitigate the effects of chronic diseases and improve patients’quality of life.

Application Effect of Health Management in Community Diabetic Population

Objective: This study aims to improve the health level of patients with diabetes in the community through health management measures under the concept of health management. Methods: Community residents were selected to detect, collate and analyze the social demographic information, body mass index, fasting blood glucose and blood lipid level of diabetic patients before and after health management. Results: The study showed that after the implementation of health management education in the community, the detection rate of diabetes patients increased, but the population was no longer mainly elderly patients, but mainly people under 60 years old. The levels of body mass index, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly decreased (all P Conclusion: Through the investigation of patients before and after health management in residential communities, this study shows that the correct implementation of health management can effectively improve the physiological indicators of diabetes patients, improve the level of health quality, and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of diabetes patients in communities.

Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer by Health Education of Specialized Nurses

Objective:To analyze the preventive effect of specialized nurse health education on diabetic foot ulcers.Methods:From January 2022 to December 2022,90 diabetic high-risk foot patients that were admitted to the Endocrinology Department of a general hospital in Macao that met the inclusion criteria were selected as the research subjects.The research subjects were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group,with 45 cases in each group by mechanical sampling method.The foot care knowledge of the patients one month and three months after the intervention were evaluated and analyzed.Results:The scores of foot care knowledge in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group at one month and three months after the intervention,and the dift'ercncc was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Health education by specialized nurses are essential in preventing and treating diabetic foot ulcers.Effective prevention and management of diabetic foot ulcers can be achieved through guidance on diet control,exercise,foot care,blood sugar monitoring,infection prevention,stress reduction,appropriate medication,and regular follow-up.

Prediabetes and cardiovascular complications study:Highlights on gestational diabetes, self-management and primary health care

International collaboration on the prediabetes and cardiovascular complications study started in 2013.In 2017,a reflection was reported.Incompleteness of documentation and screening of antenatal cases for gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)was concerning.Hence,further observations have been made that warrant an update.The objective of this review is to highlight gaps between clinical knowledge and practice in GDM,diabetes self-management and primary health care(PHC)for rural dwellers.We followed a descriptive field notes method.Antenatal records of patients screened for GDM with incomplete documentation were examined to determine incompleteness of data in those that also met the criteria for GDM risk assessment.Experiences on development of a diabetes register and education and notes on behavioural change wheel were also reviewed.Other data included cross-sectional evaluation of activities of daily living at two private hospitals.Up to 29%had high GDM risk factors,which fulfilled selection criteria for laboratory screening.Demographic data was complete in all women;however,incomplete documentation was observed with as much as 98%of basic data.High levels of physical activity were found in the population,and health lectures proved effective in food choices.The workforce need for diabetes care seems underestimated,but this may be better understood with reactivation of PHC services.The observations highlight behavioural change wheel issues on GDM and PHC services that need concerted focus.Two proposals are to advance the use of a‘risk assessment and screening sheet’for GDM screening and enlightenment of stakeholders on the central hub role of PHC in diabetes management.

BCW理论健康教育联合保护动机理论护理在糖尿病足患者中的应用

目的探讨糖尿病足(diabetic foot,DF)患者应用行为改变模式(behavior change wheel,BCW)理论健康教育联合保护动机理论护理的效果。方法随机选取2021年6月—2023年6月滨州市中心医院收治的80例DF患者为研究对象,按照不同护理方法分成干预组(n=40)和对照组(n=40)。对照组给予常规护理,干预组给予BCW理论健康教育联合保护动机理论护理,比较两组患者遵医依从性、疼痛程度、自我管理能力。结果干预组遵医总依从率[97.50%(39/40)]高于对照组[80.00%(32/40)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.507,P<0.05);干预后,两组患者疼痛视觉模拟评分均降低,且干预组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);干预后,两组患者糖尿病患者自我管理行为量表评分均升高,且干预组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论DF患者应用BCW理论健康教育联合保护动机理论护理,能够提高患者遵医依从性,缓解疼痛问题,提高其自我管理能力。

糖尿病性大疱病合并足溃疡1例的护理体会

糖尿病性大疱病是一种发生在糖尿病患者四肢远端的特异性皮肤损害。本文总结1例糖尿病性大疱合并足溃疡的护理经验。根据患者的评估情况,在稳定血糖的基础上,加强伤口护理、疼痛管理、心理护理、健康教育等护理措施,促进水疱吸收,加快足溃疡愈合,改善患者生活质量。

院内外持续性健康教育干预对糖尿病足高危人群血糖、血压、血脂水平的影响研究

探讨院内外持续性健康教育干预对糖尿病足高危人群血糖、血压、血脂水平的影响。方法:选取2021年8月—2022年2月在河南中医药大学第五临床医学院就诊的符合纳入标准的糖尿病足高危患者100例,按就诊时间分为对照组和干预组,每组50例。对照组接受常规干预,干预组接受院内外持续性健康教育干预。比较两组患者干预前后的相关指标变化。结果:干预3个月、6个月、12个月后,干预组FPG、2 hPG和HbA1c水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预3个月、6个月、12个月后,干预组sBP和DBP水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预3个月、6个月、12个月后,干预组Tc和LDL-c水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预12个月后,干预组HDL-c水平高于对照组,糖尿病足发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:院内外持续性健康教育干预能有效改善糖尿病足高危人群的血糖、血压、血脂水平,降低糖尿病足的发生风险,值得临床推广应用。

基于动机保护理论的延续性护理结合反馈式健康教育对糖尿病足患者居家创面修复管理能力及疾病自我感受负担的影响

目的探讨基于动机保护理论的延续性护理结合反馈式健康教育对糖尿病足患者居家创面修复管理能力及疾病自我感受负担的影响。方法选取2021年1月至2022年2月收治的120例糖尿病足患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组,各60例。对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上行基于动机保护理论的延续性护理结合反馈式健康教育。比较两组的干预效果。结果干预后,观察组的糖尿病足危险因素、日常足部护理、鞋袜选择及运动锻炼评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的病情监测与控制管理、足部护理管理及日常生活管理评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的不良事件总发生率为5.00%,低于对照组的18.33%(P<0.05)。结论基于动机保护理论的延续性护理结合反馈式健康教育可提高糖尿病足患者疾病认知水平及居家创面修复管理能力,降低不良事件发生率,值得推广。

基于奥马哈系统的延伸护理结合微信健康教育在糖尿病足患者中的应用效果

目的探讨基于奥马哈系统的延伸护理结合微信健康教育在糖尿病足患者中的应用效果.方法选取2020年12月—2023年8月济宁市兖州区人民医院收治的84例糖尿病足患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组42例.对照组实施常规护理,观察组于对照组基础上实施基于奥马哈系统的延伸护理结合微信健康教育.比较两组血糖水平、足部知识掌握情况、生活质量.结果观察组足部知识总掌握率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,观察组糖化血红蛋白、餐后2h血糖、空腹血糖、糖尿病患者生存质量特异性量表评分均低于对照组,组间差异统计学意义(P<0.05).结论在糖尿病足患者中应用基于奥马哈系统的延伸护理结合微信健康教育效果显著,可促使患者掌握足部相关知识,更好地控制血糖,改善生活质量.

糖尿病患者早期社区干预预防糖尿病足发生的效果观察

目的对糖尿病患者采取社区集中系统管理,观察糖尿病足社区干预效果。方法选择137在全科病房住院的糖尿病患者,通过对其进行评估,将137例糖尿病患者分为糖尿病足溃疡低、中、高危组,给予早期健康教育、治疗、护理干预并予以定期的检查和随访,对不同风险的患者实施系统化、个体化的糖尿病足早期健康教育干预。观察早期健康教育干预对糖尿病足的预防作用。结果糖尿病患者接受干预随访12～15个月,39例低危者中无一例发生足溃疡;69例中危者中有3例(4.3%)发生足溃疡;29例高危者中有8例(27.6%)发生足溃疡。干预后患者的糖尿病相关知识测试得分(平均85.4分)较干预前(平均67.8分)显著提高,能严格控制或比较严格控制饮食者、经常运动者、行血糖自我监测者所占比例(分别为73.7%、94.2%和86.9%)较干预前(分别为14.6%、8.8%和61.3%)显著提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过对糖尿病患者实施早期健康教育干预,提高了患者的自我管理能力,使其养成了良好的生活习惯,对糖尿病足的发生起到了预防作用。

不同健康教育方法在糖尿病足高危患者护理中的应用价值研究

目的探讨不同教育方法在糖尿病足高危患者护理中的应用价值。方法选取我院2014年3月—2016年3月收治的150例糖尿病足高危患者为研究对象,根据患者入院顺序将其分为对照组和观察组,两组各75例。对照组采用传统健康教育方法,观察组采用个性化系统性健康教育方法,两组均随访4个月,观察并比较两组患者自我护理能力、血糖控制情况和糖尿病足发病情况。结果健康教育护理4个月后,观察组自我护理能力各项评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后血糖(PBG)均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组随访期糖尿病足发病率4.0%(3/75)低于对照组13.3%(10/75),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论个性化系统性健康教育有助于提高糖尿病足高危患者自我护理能力和控制血糖,降低糖尿病足发病率。

思维导图用于0级糖尿病足患者健康教育效果探讨

目的提高糖尿病足患者健康教育效果,防止足病发展。方法将68例0级糖尿病足患者随机分为对照组和干预组各34例。对照组采取常规发放宣教手册结合PPT授课实施健康教育;干预组设计和采用思维导图,通过PPT授课实施健康教育,于患者出院6个月后评价效果。结果干预组患者自我效能及自护能力评分显著高于对照组,糖尿病足预防效果及健康教育满意率显著优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论思维导图式健康教育可有效提高教育效果,控制足病发展。

个案化健康教育联合足部反射区按摩治疗早期糖尿病足

目的观察个案化健康教育联合足部反射区按摩治疗早期糖尿病足的效果。方法选取60例采用神户分级系统分级为糖尿病足I级的患者,采用随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组,各30例。对照组给予常规糖尿病治疗和大讲堂形式的早期糖尿病足健康教育,实验组在常规糖尿病治疗的基础上给予足部反射区按摩,并由专门的健康教育护士针对患者的实际情况进行个案化早期糖尿病足健康教育,教会患者自我管理的方法,同时在住院期间教会患者或其家属按摩方法。结果实验组和对照组的治疗有效率分别为86.7%和56.7%,实验组效果优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论个案化健康教育联合足部反射区按摩法可以在常规糖尿病足治疗的基础上改善I级糖尿病足的症状,简便、有效。

健康教育及分层管理在糖尿病足病防治中的作用——3年随访观察

为探讨早期糖尿病足病健康教育及分层管理措施对糖尿病患者足病的防治作用,对初诊糖尿病患者进行了足部风险评估,分为正常、低危、中危、高危不同程度糖尿病足病风险人群,然后对不同风险人群组实施系统性、长期性兼个体化的糖尿病足病防治健康教育和分层管理3年。研究发现,糖尿病足病发生发展状况明显改善,与糖尿病足病相关的溃疡复发率相对风险降低52.30%,再住院率相对风险降低43.28%,溃疡发生率降低61.99%。因此,早期糖尿病足病健康教育和分层管理的防治策略可提高患者对足部的自我管理和护理能力,对糖尿病足病的发生发展起到了有效的防治作用。

对108例糖尿病患者预防糖尿病足的知识与行为调查

糖尿病足是糖尿病患者的严重并发症之一，它严重危害糖尿病患者的生活质量。临床中发现，患者常常忽视这一问题。作者对108例糖尿病患者的问卷调查结果显示，患者严重缺乏有关糖尿病足知识。提示健康教育在预防糖尿病足发生和发展中有重要作用。

病程10年以上糖尿病患者发生糖尿病足的危险因素探讨

目的探讨糖尿病病程10年以上患者发生糖尿病足的危险因素,以利于今后有针对性地指导糖尿病患者从初诊阶段就具有良好的遵医行为,减少糖尿病足的发生与发展。方法调查2005年8月-2006年11月门诊就诊及住院患者并选择符合WHO糖尿病诊断标准且糖尿病病程10年以上者,根据有无糖尿病足的临床症状及体征,选取糖尿病足患者50例作为糖尿病足组,非糖尿病足患者50例作为非糖尿病足组,共100例,采用自行设计的问卷调查表,对其一般状况和患病期间日常自我管理能力进行评价和统计学处理。结果糖尿病足组男性比例高于女性(P<0.005);糖尿病足组年龄、病程均略高于非糖尿病足组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);糖尿病足组文化程度、经济收入均低于非糖尿病足组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);虽然两组患者日常自我管理能力都不够完善,但相比而言,非糖尿病足组的自我管理能力普遍强于糖尿病足组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论糖尿病足的发病率男性高于女性;糖尿病病程长是糖尿病足发生的危险因素之一,但不是主要因素;经济收入低和文化程度低的糖尿病患者更易发生糖尿病足;血糖控制不良是发生糖尿病足的重要危险因素;吸烟也是影响糖尿病足发生发展的因素之一;糖尿病患者了解糖尿病足相关知识对预防糖尿病足将起到积极作用。

糖尿病足负压封闭术后皮瓣修复患者临床路径健康宣教的效果

目的：探讨糖尿病足负压封闭术后皮瓣修复患者临床路径健康宣教的效果，提高糖尿病足皮瓣移植患者健康教育掌握率。方法选择2012年1月-2013年4月在佛山市中医院骨二科糖尿病足负压封闭术后需皮瓣移植修复皮缺损的患者共60例，其中2012年1-8月采用常规健康宣教纳入的30例患者设为对照组，2012年9月-2013年4月采用临床路径健康宣教纳入的30例患者设为研究组，对两组患者的健康教育知识掌握程度、皮瓣移植成活率、护理满意度及生活质量进行比较及分析。结果研究组患者健康教育知识掌握程度（〉80分者46.7%）、护理满意度（86.7%）均好于对照组（〉80分者23.3%、66.7%），研究组患者焦虑自评量表评分[（38.8±7.1）分]及抑郁自评量表评分[（40.5±6.6）分]低于对照组[（46.9±8.5）、（49.3±7.8）分]，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。研究组患者饮食[（4.25±0.77）分]、睡眠[（4.80±0.75）分]、疲乏[（4.26±0.71）分]、对疾病的认识[（3.78±0.62）分]及对治疗的态度[（3.89±0.73）分]得分均显著高于对照组[（3.73±0.61）、（4.07±0.52）、（3.56±0.60）、（2.98±0.55）、（3.35±0.61）分]，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。研究组患者皮瓣移植成活率（100.0%）高于对照组（86.7%），差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论糖尿病足负压封闭术后皮瓣修复患者采用临床路径健康宣教能有效提高皮瓣移植的成功率，取得较好的护理满意度，患者生活质量高。

以问题为导向教育模式在糖尿病患者足部自我护理中的效果

目的探索以问题为导向(problem-based learning,PBL)教育模式对糖尿病患者足部自护能力和行为的影响。方法方便性抽样选取东南大学医学院附属盐城医院内分泌科100例住院糖尿病患者,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组各50例,入院次日采用自行设计的患者对糖尿病足的认识和足部预防护理知识及行为调查表进行评估,进行足部检查。对照组给予常规健康教育,实验组采用PBL教育模式。出院后分别对两组患者进行随访干预管理6个月,了解两组患者对糖尿病足的认识、足部预防护理知识及行为测试评分、足部患病情况及遵医行为等。结果随访干预6个月后,与对照组相比,实验组对糖尿病足的认识和足部防护知识及行为均有明显提高(均P<0.01);足部评估11项指标均明显改善(均P<0.05);遵医行为6项指标差异均有明显改善(均P<0.05)。结论 PBL模式健康教育有助于糖尿病患者血糖控制、降低糖尿病足患病风险和提高患者遵医行为,从而改善患者生活质量。

出院计划服务在糖尿病高危足病人护理中的应用效果评价

[目的]评价糖尿病高危足病人应用出院计划服务的效果。[方法]将80例糖尿病高危足病人按随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组各40例。对照组采用常规糖尿病教育和随访,试验组实施出院计划服务的糖尿病教育管理,干预时间为6个月,比较两组病人血糖、踝肱指数(ABI)、生活质量及足部护理遵医率。[结果]干预后试验组病人空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白和ABI较对照组有明显改善(P<0.05);试验组病人的疾病维度、满意维度得分和生活质量总分优于对照组(P<0.05),而生理维度、心理维度和社会维度得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组病人足部护理遵医率显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。[结论]出院计划服务能有效改善病人的血糖控制水平,提高病人的生活质量和足部护理遵医率。