Inquiry of Modernization Management of Rural Community Self-organizing on the Perspective of Social Work

The current rural community self-organizing of China is closely related with the rural social stability as well as economic and social development. However, the current rural community self-organizing construction falls far behind the requirements of realistic practice all over China, which greatly affects the advancement of the rural modernization of China. On the other hand, social work provides a unique perspective and method to deal with these problems. Its service philosophy of selfservice as well as its humanitarian value and practical working methods provide reality conformity for the intervention into rural community self-organizing, making it conductive to improving the social relations between rural community residents and possible to realize the mutual development of rural community and rural community residents.

Roles of mutual help of local community networks in community health activities: Improvement for the quality of life of older people in Thailand

Objectives: This study aimed to describe work and activities of community networks focusing on the improvement of the quality of life (QOL) of older people in Thailand.The understanding of the work can help enhancing the community development and strengthening of local communities and their networks.Methods: Qualitative methods including in-depth interview,observation,and focus group discussion were employed to the study.64 participants participated to the study and were recruited from 4 key actors within the community.Content analysis was used to analyze the obtained data.This study was conducted in 6 local administrative organizations (LAOs) which selected from the outstanding areas of the project.Each LAO represents one sub-district of the regions of Thailand namely;(1) the upper north,(2) the lower north,(3)the upper eastern,(4) the lower eastern,(5) the central and (6) the south.Results: The findings of this study were categorized into three main themes: (1) Social capital including people in the community,social groups,and organizations,(2) Mutual help/collaboration activities composed of six sets of activities related to social capitals working on the improvement of QOL of older people,and (3) Impacts of the mutual help/collaboration activities on older people and local communities who help to improve of QOL of older people.Conclusion: The findings are important features for the community development.These themes should be recommended for community nurses,health related groups and organizations for the improvement of QOL of older people in the community.

Building Harmonious Community & Innovating Social Management and Services

Communities are the basic units as well as cell of the society. Community management and service is of fundamental significance for socia harmony, and also an important part of socia management innovation. Recent years

The social determinants of health influencing obesity for the aged in the Pakpoon community context:A qualitative study

Objective:This study aimed to describe the social determinants of health influencing obesity for the aged in a community context and based on the perspectives of various stakeholders.Methods:This was qualitative content analysis study using data from the focus group,individual in-depth interview,and observation.The study population was domiciled in Pakpoon Village,Mung Dis-trict,Nakhon Si Thammarat Province,a tight-knit settlement typical of most retirement communities.Data were collected through two focus group discussions,direct observation,and in-depth interviews with 19 participants.Respondents represented key community groups:local nurses and public health officers,elderly residents,family caregivers(family members),and village health volunteers.Results:The participants shared similar perspectives about the social determinants of health influencing obesity in the aged,which spanned three themes.These were:1)neighborhood food environment(easy access to unhealthy food,no choice to recruit healthy food);2)social networks influencing obesity(family affects food choices and prohibitions on exercise;belief,and socially imposed body image per-ceptions contributing to obesity in the aged);and 3)knowledge,attitudes,and beliefs behind lifestyle choices that cause obesity in the elderly(lack of awareness,personal attitudes,job and familial duties as barriers to engaging in physical activities;over-consumption behaviors lead to obesity in older people).Conclusion:These three themes were the root causes of obesity in the elderly in Pakpoon’s retirement community.This finding suggests that policymakers and nurses can create healthy environments,both to treat and prevent obesity,by raising awareness in younger generations,providing aging the provision of healthy food choices for older adults,encouraging health care professionals to share knowledge,and by modifying the attitudes and beliefs of both caregivers and older adults.

The Research of Social Organizations Participating in the Urban Community Aged Care＇ s Problems--Base on the City of Shanghai in China

With the deepening of China＇s aging population, the conmmnity aged care gradually become endowment new options. Social organization for its own characteristics, play an important role in participating in community aged care. But the extent to which the current social organizations to participate in the community aged care is still very low, the reason is mainly affected by the community aged care access mechanism. Article in the Shanghai community, for example, starhng fiom the present situation of the current social organizations to participate in the community aged care, analysis of the problems arising fi-om the social organizations in the community aged care, probe into its reasons in access mechanism, put forward the corresponding countermeasures and Suggestions, encourage social organizations play an effective role in the community aged care.

Challenges faced by community health nurses to achieve universal health coverage in Myanmar:A mixed methods study

Objective:This study aimed to identify the challenges of community health nurses(CHNs)in delivering effective community health care to achieve universal health coverage(UHC)in Myanmar.Methods:A total of 30 CHNs from township health centers in the northeastern,southern,and western parts of Myanmar were purposefully recruited for quantitative and qualitative interviews.Quantitative data were processed using Microsoft Excel software,and qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.This study is registered with researchregistry6201.Results:Around the country,30 CHNs uncovered their hardships in implementing primary health care to achieve UHC.Over 90%of the participants agreed to the problem of inadequate health infrastructure,while half of them felt unmotivated when they encountered role conflicts among various cadres of healthcare providers and poor opportunities for career promotion.Major problems arose from the lack of standard professional education at the entry point to community settings because most CHNs did not achieve specialized training in providing public health services.Complications are incapable of evaluating health services for policy-making and the inability to conduct health research to develop evidencebased practices.Insecure work and living conditions,unsupportive community relationships,and undereducation in professional practices were supportive major themes explored by CHNs to achieve a deeper understanding of the barriers to UHC.Not only the health system itself but also the population and other geographical factors have contributed to many challenges to CHNs.Conclusion:Myanmar’s CHNs face many challenges in achieving UHC.These challenges are not confined to the health sector.Some situations,such as geographical barriers and transportation problems,remain persistent challenges for healthcare providers.This study highlights the fact that current health systems should be strengthened by qualified healthcare providers and sufficient infrastructure.Meanwhile,public empowerment plays a critical role in promoting health development.

Community Perceptions of New Residents in Penghu County, Taiwan

In order to get close to and support the ＂new residents＂ of Penghu County, Taiwan （known as female foreign spouses, who are from China's Mainland and Southeast Asia）, this study was conducted to set up a new service framework in the local community by the Penghu County Service Center for new residents. This study was implemented between May and July of 2011 to understand the local community perception of new residents living in five rural areas, and one city of Penghu, and to understand the community perceptions of these new residents. This includes： the new residents＇ feelings about the community, the new residents＇ feelings about interaction with the locals, multicultural acceptance of the community, and the new residents＇ feelings about participation in local activities. According to the parameters of this research, quantitative research methodology was adopted. After questionnaire studies and data analysis, the key findings are thus： New residents living areas have significant impact on the community perceptions of them, especially in two areas： the new resident＇s feeling relating to the community environment and their perception of interaction with the locals.

Building a harmonious community:public services,social integration and expression of residents' views- a study of cases from Ningbo,Dalian and Beijing

Through case studies in Ningbo, Dalian and Beijing, this article discusses how to promote public services, social integration and expression of residents＇ views in the construction of harmonious communities. The Ningbo case shows the origin, scale and effect of a government-led community public service network; the Dalian case describes the emergence, development and functions of community-led autonomous organizations as a means of promoting socially disadvantaged groups＇ integration into society; and the Beijing case reveals the value orientation, methods and constructive experience of community development evaluation based on the expression of residents＇ views.

Review of China’s neighborhood center planning from the perspective of innovative social governance

The neighborhood center provides an implementation case for centralizing community service facilities and organizing service provision effectively,and has achieved community service improvement,which provides innovative methods for governance innovation.This paper summarizes the development process of neighborhood center planning in China,and analyzes related planning cases in Suzhou,Tianjin,Hangzhou,and Chengdu focusing on planning characteristics and operating mechanisms.Based on the case of Chongqing,it gives answer to key issues of the local application of neighborhood center planning concept.

Self-assessed health and its aspects in the case of Mongolia

Self health assessment is a simple indicator that is widely used for measuring an individual’s perception of his or her overall health. Many studies have been conducted by way of showing which particular aspects should be included in health self assessment, especially in developed world. In the developing world, however, very few studies have examined self health assessment. The aim of this study was to identify particular aspects and associations in self health assessment and differences between subgroups in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The area sampling approach and Kish tables were used for selecting respondents. Total 500 respondents were surveyed by paper-based questionnaires. Spearman’s analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to show relations between variables. Sociodemographic status, such as age and gender, proved to be important in self health assessment. Other factors affecting self health assessment included the number of family members, daily life and lifestyles, social environment, community motivation, and utilization of health services. Women, the elderly, or people with less-than- normal access to information suffer from poor self-assessed health. People who are socially inactive and who have poor living conditions are less likely to use health care services and are likely to assess their health as “poor.” In order to reduce the poor self-assessed health status it is important to address disparities in socioeconomic factors, such as age, gender, employment, and residential area. In addition, more attention should be paid to community and health services, as well as to health promotion and empowerment activities, including income-generation activities. Further research is also needed, however, for better understanding of about the local people and their health-related issues.

积极心理学在残疾人社会工作中的运用

残疾人社会工作的发展水平,从一个侧面反映出一个国家的经济社会发展程度。我国的残疾人社会工作正处于起步阶段,其进一步发展面临着各种困难与问题。本文试图从"问题"入手,分析当前残疾人社会工作的实务模式及其局限性等问题,运用积极心理学在残疾人社会工作中的创新,关键在于从挖掘残疾人积极的因素、积极的人格品质以及积极的社会环境等方面,促进残疾人社会工作服务的深入开展,以满足残疾人的需求,提高残疾人社会工作服务水平。

Research on the Adaptability of Rural Elderly People Moving to Urban Communities

In recent years, under the background that the country actively promotes population urbanization, a large number of young people migrate to cities and towns through employment or schooling and take root in the urban construction. However, the left-behind elderly people in rural areas are in a dilemma, and they will face many problems in their lives whether living in cities or staying behind, the quality of life is lowered generally. After going into the city, many elderly people in rural areas, due to their own physiological and psychological characteristics, do not adapt to living in urban areas, and the qualities of lives are not improved. By investigating the status quo of the elderly in rural areas migrating to urban areas, this paper analyses the reasons for and existing problems of migrating to urban areas and puts forward suggestions for improving community adaptability from the perspective of social work.

专业社会工作技巧下的社区服务新探索

自改革开放以来,"社区"逐步从包含一切的单位或生产队中解脱出来,同时随着转型阶段中国社会现代化的分化发展,社区居民的问题呈现多样化的特点,居民的需求也在日益增加而传统的社区工作方式已经没有办法满足其需要。本文旨在探讨,在新形势下,如何将社会工作技巧与理念引入到社区工作中,以促成社区服务的进一步发展。

Study of Problems in the Development of Non-profit Organizations in Urban Communities

With the continuous advancement of construction of urban communities and the continuous development of the needs of community residents in China,non-profit organizations in various urban communities have developed rapidly and have increasingly played an important role in social and economic life. At present,the development of non-profit organizations in urban communities is still faced with many problems,such as difficulty in raising funds,lack of incentives that results in low enthusiasm for volunteering and low participation of community residents,etc. It is urgent and practical significance to study,analyze and solve the problems faced by non-profit organizations in urban communities. That article focuses on the analysis and discussion of the problems facing the development of non-profit organizations in urban communities,and proposes countermeasures to solve the problems.

Taking action on violence through research,policy,and practice

Background:Violence is a critical public health problem associated with compromised health and social suffering that are preventable.The Centre for Global Health and Health Equity organized a forum in 2014 to identify:(1)priority issues related to violence affecting different population groups in Canada,and(2)strategies to take action on priority issues to reduce violence-related health inequities in Canada.In this paper,we present findings from the roundtable discussions held at the Forum,offer insights on the socio-political implications of these findings,and provide recommendations for action to reduce violence through research,policy and practice.Methods:Over 60 academic researchers,health and social service agency staff,community advocates and graduate students attended the daylong Forum,which included presentations on structural violence,community violence,gender-based violence,and violence against marginalized groups.Detailed notes taken at the roundtables were analyzed by the first author using a thematic analysis technique.Findings:The thematic analysis identified four thematic areas:1)structural violence perpetuates interpersonal violence-the historical,social,political and economic marginalization that contributes to personal and community violence.2)social norms of gender-based violence—the role of dominant social norms in perpetuating the practice of violence,especially towards women,children and older adults;3)violence prevention and mitigation programs—the need for policy and programming to address violence at the individual/interpersonal,community,and societal levels;and 4)research gaps—the need for comprehensive research evidence made up of systematic reviews,communitybased intervention and evaluation of implementation research to identify effective programming to address violence.Conclusions:The proceedings from the Global Health and Health Equity Forum underscored the importance of recognizing violence as a public health issue that requires immediate and meaningful communal and structural investment to break its historic cycles.Based on our thematic analysis and literature review,four recommendations are offered:(1)Support and adopt policies to prevent or reduce structural violence;(2)Adopt multi-pronged strategies to transform dominant social norms associated with violence;(3)Establish standards and ensure adequate funding for violence prevention programs and services;and(4)Fund higher level ecological research on violence prevention and mitigation.

Research on the Practical Effects and Challenges of Social-Emotional Learning in Elementary Education

This research investigates the practical effects and challenges of Social-Emotional Learning(SEL)in elementary education through a mixed-methods approach.The study involved a thorough analysis of SEL’s impact on students’emotional development,social skills,academic performance,and behavioral issues across three case study schools.Findings indicate significant positive effects of SEL on students’abilities to recognize and manage emotions,engage in social interactions,and improve academic achievements.However,challenges such as teacher training,curriculum integration,family and community involvement,and resource limitations were identified.The study concludes with recommendations for enhancing SEL practices in elementary education,emphasizing systematic teacher training,curriculum design,and continuous assessment and improvement.Future research directions are suggested to explore the long-term effects of SEL and its adaptation in various educational contexts.

Multi-level governance through adaptive co-management:conflict resolution in a Brazilian state park

Introduction:Communities situated in protected areas generate conflicts among park administrators,residents and scientists.Should they stay or should they go?This article presents a positive example of a community existing in a state park.The study describes the community’s governance process as well as how the park administration and the community solve the conflicts that arise and achieve a method of co-management in a multi-level governance process.Methods:The analysis is based on the Management and Transition Framework(MTF).We used a case study approach and collected data via document study,participatory observation and qualitative interviews.Results:We find that the agreed system of community-based co-management has improved the implementation and enforcement of the state park’s rules through negotiation and communication mechanisms in the park council.This relative success is due to the construction of social capital,equality and empowerment.Conclusions:For state parks in similar situations,the findings suggest that:1)a community should have at least a minimal level of self-organization;2)the empowerment of the community in the decision-making process is useful;3)the park administration should gain the trust of the residents;and 4)the effective management of ecosystem services can create a win-win situation for the community as well as the park.