Community-based intervention of chronic disease management program in rural areas of Indonesia

Objective:This study evaluates the community-based intervention of chronic disease management(CDM)through the Integrated Non-Communicable Diseases Health Post(Posbindu-NCD)conducted by a community of health workers(CHWs)in Indonesia’s rural areas.Methods:A cohor t retrospective study evaluated 577 par ticipants from Posbindu-NCD in 7 public health centers(PHCs)in 2019.Activities of intervention of CDM for Posbindu-NCD was included,identified risk factors to NCDs,and provided counselling education and other follow-ups based on interviews and measurement results from the five Desk systems that recorded in a medical record as a form of the monthly activity report each the first month,the 6 months,and the 12th month.Results:There were statistically significant differences for alcohol consumed and diabetes mellites(χ^(2)=10.455;P=0.001).There were significant differences on gender(χ^(2)=3.963;P=0.047),on ethnicity(χ^(2)=19.873;P<0.001),and hypertension.In addition,there were also significant differences on ethnicity(χ^(2)=15.307;P<0.001),vegetable consumption(χ^(2)=4.435;P=0.035),physical exercise(χ^(2)=6.328;P=0.012),and the current diseases of hypercholesterolemia of par ticipants.Fur thermore,the survival rate among patients who have overweight,abdominal overweight,hyper tension,diabetes mellitus,and hypercholesterolemia increased among par ticipants who regularly visited Posbindu-NCD compared with the non-regularly one.Conclusions:The CDM program’s community-based intervention through Posbindu-NCD conducted by CHWs improved survival rates in Indonesia’s rural areas.Therefore,this program can be fur ther developed in conducting CDM in the community with the active involvement of CHWs so that the community becomes active regularly in par ticipating in Posbindu-NCD activities in rural areas of Indonesia.

Management of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease during the Prevention of COVID-19

Objective: To explore the disease management methods and effects for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the special period of pandemic. Methods: Medical staffs carried out the management of patients with IBD on the inflammatory disease service platform of this center from February to May of 2020 in addition to routine clinical works. Results: None of the nearly 3000 IBD patients who are being followed up at our center were infected with COVID-19. During this period, no patients experienced drug-related serious side effects or disease recurrence that could not be treated in time due to failure to reach the medical staffs. Conclusion: The disease management methods based on IBD platform allow the patients to be properly managed during this special period.

Semaglutide’s Trail of Success in Weight Loss Management and HbA1c Reduction: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Obesity is a preventable health condition, yet it remains a complex relapsing global health conundrum, triggering an array of comorbidities, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and mental health decline. This review intends to highlight the success of semaglutide for its therapeutic intervention for weight loss management in diabetics and non-diabetics and HbA1c reduction in type 2 diabetics. Methods: We searched and systematically reviewed the literature from within the past ten years on semaglutide utilization for weight loss and HbA1c reduction. Databases investigated included PMC, JAMA, Nature Medicine, and The Lancet, resulting in four original research articles that were systematically reviewed. Web consultations with WHO, CDC, and Healthy People 2030 were conducted to ascertain epidemiological obesity and diabetes data. AAFP and USPSTF references were included for obesity management and preventive care guidelines. Results: Based on results from systematically reviewing four original research studies, semaglutide can effectively reduce elevated weight and HbA1c, using the once-weekly subcutaneous injection formulation. A composite average percent weight loss of 8.27% (16 - 20 pounds) and an average HbA1c percent reduction rate of 1.07% (3 - 4 points) were attained. There were no major adverse events reported from any of the four original research studies related to the drug. Discussion: With evidence from several studies after its FDA approval, semaglutide delivers a promise for weight loss management and HbA1c reduction for appropriate patient populations. Clinician and patient education on its proper use should be continuously revisited.

Alphabet Strategy for diabetes care: A multi-professional, evidence-based, outcome-directed approach to management

With the rising global prevalence in diabetes, healthcare systems are facing a growing challenge to provide efficient and effective diabetes care management in the face of spiralling treatment costs. Diabetes is a major cause of premature mortality and associated with devastating complications especially if managed poorly. Although diabetes care is improving in England and Wales, recent audit data suggests care remains imperfect with wide geographical variations in quality. Diabetes care is expensive with a sizeable amount of available expenditure used for treating the complications of diabetes. A target driven, long-term, multifactorial intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes has been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity. The alphabet strategy is a novel approach to effective diabetes care provision, aiming to address patient education and empowerment, provide consistent comprehensive care delivered in a timely fashion, and allowing multidisciplinary team work.

Comment on review article:Chronic hepatitis C virus infection cascade of care in pediatric patients

An enhanced cascade of care should include a younger population,helping to achieve the goal of the World Health Organization with a focus on elimination in the pediatric population.Furthermore,enhanced screening and awareness efforts and continued education of health care providers will improve the outcomes of chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection in the pediatric population.The present work discusses and comments on the topic"cascade of care in HCV chronic pediatric patients".

Team Effectiveness in Patient Health Management: An Overview of Reviews

Background: The desire to improve the quality of health care for an aging population with multiple chronic diseases is fostering a rapid growth in interprofessional team care, supported by health professionals, governments, businesses and public institutions. However, the weight of evidence measuring the impact of team care on patient and health system outcomes has not, heretofore, been clear. To address this deficiency, we evaluated published evidence for the clinical effectiveness of team care within a chronic disease management context in a systematic overview. Methods: A search strategy was built for Medline using medical subject headings and other relevant keywords. After testing for performance, the search strategy was adapted to other databases (Cinhal, Cochrane, Embase, PsychInfo) using their specific descriptors. The searches were limited to reviews published between 1996 and 2011, in English and French languages. The results were analyzed by the number of studies favouring team intervention, based on the direction of effect and statistical significance for all reported outcomes. Results: Sixteen systematic and 7 narrative reviews were included. Diseases most frequently targeted were depression, followed by heart failure, diabetes and mental disorders. Effectiveness outcome measures most commonly used were clinical endpoints, resource utilization (e.g., emergency room visits, hospital admissions), costs, quality of life and medication adherence. Briefly, while improved clinical and resource utilization endpoints were commonly reported as positive outcomes, mixed directional results were often found among costs, medication adherence, mortality and patient satisfaction outcomes. Conclusions: We conclude that, although suggestive of some specific benefits, the overall weight of evidence for team care efficacy remains equivocal. Further studies that examine the causal interactions between multidisciplinary team care and clinical and economic outcomes of disease management are needed to more accurately assess its net program efficacy and population effectiveness.

Identifying High-Risk Medication Prescriptions to Prevent Potentially Severe Adverse Drug Events in Primary-Care Patients with Chronic Multimorbidities:The Polychrome Study

Background:The association between multimorbidities and polypharmacy among elderly individuals is well documented,and polypharmacy has been shown to increase the risk of adverse drug events(ADEs).However,little information is available about the risks associated with the lifelong use of medications to treat chronic multimorbidities.Objective:To determine the prevalence and nature of high-risk prescriptions among primary-care patients with chronic multimorbidities.Methods:We studied a weighted stratified random sample of 105 prescriptions for different patients with chronic multimorbidities taken from the Polychrome database established using information from the French primary-care record database(Observatoire de la Médecine Générale).A medication review was conducted to identify contra-indications and potential drug-drug interactions for each prescription.Results:Contra-indications were identified for 60(57.1%)prescriptions,potential drug-drug interactions for 70(66.7%),absolute contra-indications for 9(8.6%),and inadvisable drug combinations for 11(10.5%).In all,19(18.1%)different patients were at risk for major ADEs.Cardiovascular and nervous-system drugs contributed 66.2% of contra-indications and 69.3% of potential drug-drug interactions.Conclusions:This exploratory study confirms the high prevalence and potential seriousness of prescriptions at risk for ADEs in a population of primary-care patients with chronic multimorbidities.The high prevalence of interactions involving the cardiovascular and nervous systems indicates that efforts to improve prescription practices should target these two categories of conditions and drugs in patients with chronic multimorbidities.

“中医治未病+人工智能”助力社区居家养老的对策研究

探寻中医“治未病”与信息化人工智能结合,提升社区居家养老慢病健康管理水平的方法路径。以文献查阅、信息检索和以辽宁省沈阳市8个社区居家养老中心为随机对象的实地调研为主,提出三条决策建议:借力“互联网+”人工智能技术,推进社区居家养老慢病健康管理水平;引入中医药“治未病”思想,建立区域人口中医“治未病”信息化人工智能健康管理监测共享平台;加强基层社区居家养老机构中医“治未病”适宜技术人才的培养和中医药服务供给。

Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease： Innovative and Integrated Management Approaches

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and results in an economic and social burden that is both substantial and increasing. By the year 2020, COPD will be the third leading cause of mortality and the fifth leading cause of disability worldwide, In a population based study conducted at multiple international sites, approximately 10% of participants 40 years of age or older were found to have airflow obstruction of at least moderate severity according to spirometric criteria. In China, the overall prevalence of COPD in individuals 40 years of age or older was 8.2%.m COPD is a slowly progressive respiratory disease, which, although preventable and treatable, is not curable. The final years for patients with advanced COPD are characterized by progressive functional decline, frequent exacerbations, poor quality of life, increasing dependency on informal caregivers and on the health care system. According to the literature, 5-year survival from diagnosis is estimated to be 78% in men and 72% in women with mild disease, but only 30% in men and 24% in women with advanced COPD.

基于校社合作的医疗康养社区基地慢性病管理优化策略

本研究旨在通过校社合作与规范化管理,构建医疗康养社区基地,并优化慢性病管理策略。针对慢性病防治任务长期而艰巨的问题,本研究以培训模式、课程设置、教材开发、师资建设等为核心内容,通过系统的方法论,探索了如何构建完备、高效的医疗康养社区基地。研究结果显示,该模式不仅提高了社区居民的慢性病防治素养,还拓宽了职业教育的影响力和服务渠道,为医疗康养事业的发展提供了有力支持。

环境智能在慢性病管理中的应用研究进展

从环境智能的概念、发展背景、特征及其在慢性病管理中的应用进展进行综述,分析环境智能在技术、隐私、安全、公平性等方面面临的机遇与挑战,旨在为我国环境智能技术在慢性病管理中的应用和发展提供参考。

Guided Care模式在老年慢性疾病管理中的应用

目的探讨Guided Care护理模式在老年慢性疾病管理中的应用效果。方法选择160例老年患者为研究对象,分为干预组和对照组,对照组实施常规护理及健康教育,干预组实施Guided Care护理方案,干预6个月后比较两组患者的日常生活能力、家庭功能、社会支持状况。结果干预组日常生活能力、家庭功能、社会支持得分高于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论对老年慢性病患者实施Guided Care护理模式,提高了老年慢性病患者的日常生活能力,加强家庭功能和社会支持,改善老年慢性病患者的生活质量。

基于远程监测的医护一体化平台在居家腹膜透析患者管理中的应用

目的探讨基于远程监测系统的医护一体化随访在腹膜透析患者中的应用效果。方法选取2017年6月—2020年5月在中国医科大学附属盛京医院随访的腹膜透析患者60例作为对照组,2020年6月—2023年5月随访的腹膜透析患者60例作为观察组。对照组给予常规护理,观察组实施医护一体化的远程护理干预。比较2组患者服药依从性、并发症发生率、再住院率、再考核得分。结果与对照组相比,观察组患者服药依从性提高(63.33%比46.67%,χ^(2)=4.062,P=0.044),并发症发生率下降(26.67%比46.67%,χ^(2)=5.167,P=0.023),再住院率降低(23.33%比41.67%,χ^(2)=4.596,P=0.032),再考核得分提高[(88.13±6.36)分比(81.32±9.78)分,t=4.527,P<0.001],差异均有统计学意义。结论基于远程监测的医护一体化平台管理应用于腹膜透析患者可使患者更加配合治疗,减少并发症的发生,提高慢性病管理质量。

家庭医生制度下医护团队模式干预在社区高血压疾病管理中的应用效果

目的:探讨家庭医生制度下医护团队模式干预对社区高血压疾病管理的应用效果。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年1月湖北中医药高等专科学校附属三板桥医院收治的高血压患者126例作为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为两组,各63例。对照组实施常规干预,观察组实施家庭医生制度下医护团队模式干预。比较两组血压、依从性及高血压知识知晓率。结果:干预6个月后,两组收缩压、舒张压低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗依从性、护理依从性、自我管理依从性、预防行为依从性评分高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组预防知识、危害、危险因素、高血压诊断知晓率高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:家庭医生制度下医护团队干预模式在社区高血压疾病管理中的应用效果较好,可有效控制患者血压水平,提升患者依从性及高血压知识知晓率。

促进慢性阻塞性肺疾病哮喘患者自我监控空气质量的护理干预措施: 整合性综述

目的哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病肺重叠症(Asthma-chronie obst ructive pulmonary disease overlap,A-CO)患者的生活质量较低,肺功能较差,病情经常加重。由于暴露于污染环境会加重其症状,增加发病率和病死率,环境管理对其至关重要。旨在通过系统性综述,寻找证据,以指导制订护理干预措施,促进ACO患者对空气质量的自我管理。方法2023年3月 ,系统检索CINAHL、Medline、Academie Search Complete .Scopus、WebofScience、Cochrane图书馆、乔安娜布里格斯研究所(JoannaBriggsInstitute,JBI)循证实践数据库,以及GoogleScholar。对纳人研究进行数据提取和综合,并对护理干预措施进行分类。采用JBI研究质量评估工具进行方法学质量评估。结果 共纳入5篇来自不同国家的研究。促进ACO患者自我监控空气质量的干预措施包括:警觉性干预措施(医务人员定期巡诊、进行症状评估),监测干预措施(监测室内外诱发因素) ,教育干预措施(空气质量警报、避免接触过敏原),以及相关政策的影响,如无烟政策和改善空气质量的综合战略。尽管这些研究报告了不同的干预措施,方法质量也存在差异,但这些干预措施显示了预防患者病情恶化、尽量减少急诊就诊和住院治疗的潜力。这些关键点可作为护理干预措施的关键组成部分。结论有必要采取全面措施,让护士参与促进患者自我监控空气质量的多学科团队.提高认识、制订和实施护理干预,从而使ACO患者受益。同时,需要进--步开展研究,以扩大证据基础并完善这些干预措施。

样本构成的异质性对基层慢性病管理质量调查结果影响的多重对应研究

背景医疗卫生机构慢性病管理能力评估是慢性病管理中很重要的内容,但研究者在使用相关量表时没有重视样本异质性对调查结果科学性的影响。目的基于成都市基层医疗卫生机构慢性病管理质量的调查,探讨样本构成的异质性对量表评价结果的影响并提出对策建议。方法2022年2月,采用多阶段分层整群抽样从成都市23个地级市、区(县)、46家基层医疗单位选取889名医务人员作为样本,使用中文版慢性病保健评估量表(ACIC)评估医疗单位的慢性病管理质量评分,采用多重对应分析探索性别、工作年限、职称、学历、岗位构成不同带来的样本异质性对评分的影响。结果医务人员慢性病管理能力总评分与其学历呈负相关,与职称呈正相关(P<0.05);研究对象慢性病管理能力决策支持维度评分与工作年限呈负相关(P<0.05);研究对象慢性病管理能力信息系统维度评分与工作年限呈负相关,与学历呈正相关(P<0.05)。多重对应分析结果提示:(1)总体上医务人员学历越高,给出的慢性病管理能力总评分越低;中级职称倾向于给予最高的评分。(2)决策支持评分维度,工作年限越长的医务人员倾向于给予越高的评分。(3)信息系统评分维度,工作年限越短的人员倾向于给予越高的评分;大专/本科学历倾向于给予最高的评分。结论样本构成的异质性对基层慢性病管理质量评价量表的结果会产生确切的影响,这意味着评价会发生偏差,特别是不利于机构间的公正比较,以上提示量表的制订需要严格规范适用范围,量表信效度检验及推广使用中需要重视样本的构成情况,保证其同质性,以确保基层慢性病管理质量评价的客观性、有效性。

美国社区药房药学服务模式分析及对我国的启示

目的 促进我国社区药房药学服务发展,充分发挥社区药房药剂师作为医疗保健服务人员的作用。方法 梳理美国社区药房网站的服务内容,结合文献分析法调研美国社区药房的药学服务内容,并结合我国社区药房药学服务的实际情况提出有针对性的建议。结果 应最大限度地提高社区药房药剂师对医疗保健服务的贡献度,缓解卫生服务领域的压力,如开展药物复合、药物治疗管理等个性化药学服务,开展慢性疾病管理、小病护理等健康护理项目,以发挥社区药房功能,扩展服药依从性、药学教育、抗菌药物滥用管理等药学服务。结论 借鉴美国社区药房的先进经验,可促进我国社区药房药剂师角色及药房功能的转变,最大化发挥社区药房药剂师在医疗卫生行业的作用。

药师参与社区慢性病药物治疗管理的实践与研究

目的探寻药师在社区开展慢性病药物治疗管理(MTM)工作方法,提升慢性病MTM水平。方法选取2022年7月至2023年6月参加百色市右江区城东社区卫生服务中心慢性病MTM讲座的48例中老年慢性病患者为研究对象,按随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各24例,对照组采用原有的治疗方式,观察组采用药师参与MTM的方式。经过3个月的随访调查后,比较两组患者在不合理用药相关问题、用药依从性、药物治疗效果评价三个方面的差异。结果观察组总不合理用药率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组用药依从率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用药师干预的MTM有效提高了慢性病患者用药认知水平、安全性和依从性,显著改善慢性病患者的药物治疗效果,为药师如何开展慢性病MTM服务提供参考。

中医治未病思想及其现代应用探讨

中医治未病思想指导人们的养生保健及治疗,自提出以来一直被广泛应用。具有未病先防、欲病救萌、既病防变、瘥后防复的思想内涵。对人们的身体及心理健康都有很重要的指导意义。在现代社会,治未病思想旨在提高人们的健康观念、倡导新时代健康生活方式。广泛应用于亚健康状态的调节、慢性病的管理等方面,具有重要的现代应用价值。

安宁疗护在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中的应用效果

目的:观察安宁疗护在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年12月至2022年6月该院收治的172例老年COPD患者进行前瞻性研究,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组各86例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用安宁疗护,比较两组护理前后自我管理能力评分、疾病相关指标[COPD评估测试(CAT)评分、呼吸困难指数(MRC)评分、6分钟步行试验(6MWD)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)/用力肺活量(FVC)]水平和护理依从性评分。结果:护理后,两组日常生活能力、症状、自我效能、情绪及信息等自我管理能力评分均高于护理前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组MRC、CAT评分均低于护理前,且观察组低于对照组,两组6MWD均长于护理前,且观察组长于对照组,两组FEV1/FVC水平均高于护理前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组服药剂量、服药次数、遵医治疗、定期复查及运动指导等护理依从性评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在常规护理基础上采用安宁疗护应用于老年COPD患者可提高自我管理能力和护理依从性评分,改善疾病相关指标水平,其效果优于单纯常规护理。