Impact of community-based rehabilitation on quality of life and self-esteem of persons with physical disabilities and their family members

Objective:Community-based rehabilitation(CBR)is a strategy by which persons living with disability(PWDs)access comprehensive rehabilitation services with limited evidence regarding its impact on the quality of life(QOL)and self-esteem(SE)of PWDs and their family members.This study compared the QOL and SE of Nigerian PWDs in communities with and without a CBR programme(CBR and non-CBR respectively),and the family quality of life(FQOL)of their family members.Methods:Cross-sectional study involving 2604 PWDs(1302 in CBR and 1302 in non-CBR);5208 family members of PWDs(2604 in CBR and 2604 non-CBR),recruited from four randomly selected geo-political zones in Nigeria,purposive/consecutive selection of eight CBR programmes,PWDs and their family members(CBR and non-CBR).Outcomes assessed using Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSES),World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-short form(WHOQOL-BREF)and Beach Centre Family Quality of Life Instrument(BCFQOL).Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank order correlation were used to analyse data at P<0.05.Results:PWDs in CBR scored higher in all domains of WHOQOL-BREF(P<0.0001 in all cases)and RSES than non-CBR group(P<0.0001).The CBR families scored significantly higher than non-CBR families in all domains(P<0.05)except Emotional Well-Being of the BCFQOL.The CBR group scores on Psychological and Social Health domains of the WHOQOL-BREF showed significant positive correlation with CBR families'Family Interaction(P=0.06)and Parenting(P=0.07)domains and total FQOL(P=0.07).Conclusion:Community-based rehabilitation positively impacted on SE and QOL of PWDs and their family members.

Basic studies on life circumstances and stress in persons with congenital physical disabilities using always wheelchairs

Many studies about the health problems of persons with physical disabilities have been performed, however few studies have focused on the life circumstances of persons with physical disabilities. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between stress and the life circumstances of persons with congenital physical disabilities who must use wheelchairs. The participants were 70 individuals who used the services of care workers employed by welfare service business offices. Participants used wheelchairs. In addition, those participants who used a standard manual wheelchair were not able to operate it alone. Participants were required to answer a two-part questionnaire with questions about factors related to basic lifestyle and stress, and about life factors related to the stress of individuals with physical disabilities. No significant relationship between lifestyle and stress was found in either males or females. Most persons with congenital physical disabilities using wheelchairs had some kind of stress in daily life. In particular, significantly more level of stress was found in females (90%) than that in males (65%). Levels of stress according to life factor differed between males and females. The most dramatic gender difference was that the level of stress caused by the mental or mind factor in females was significantly higher than that in males (p < 0.05). Most persons who must use wheelchairs have stress resulting from daily life, and in particular, females experience more mental stress than males.

Investigating the Relationships among Leisure, Coping, and Personal Growth among People with Physical Disabilities

Little information exists with regard to the relationship between leisure and coping mechanisms among people with physical disabilities.The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among leisure,coping,and personal growth among people with physical disabilities living in the U.S.Using a purposive sampling strategy,121 participants completed all 3 instruments:assessment of leisure and recreation involvement,coping strategy indicator,and personal growth.Frequency,descriptive analysis,Pearson correlations,and path analysis were utilized to test the relationship between leisure involvement,coping strategies,and personal growth.There were statistically significant direct effects of leisure involvement and avoidance-withdrawal coping strategies on personal growth.The effects of social support seeking coping strategies and problem-solving coping strategies on personal growth were not statistically significant.Results also indicated that leisure involvement had significant direct effects on social support seeking,avoidance-withdrawal,and problem-solving coping strategies.The results demonstrated that leisure engagement was associated with coping strategies and personal growth.In particular,leisure engagement had direct effects on problem-solving coping,social seeking coping,and avoidance/withdrawal coping as well as a direct effect on personal growth.

From “Handicapped” to “Physically Challenged”: the Discourse Transformation in China's Cause of the Physically Challenged in the New Era

In the human rights discourse of China, the terminology used for canfei(handicapped) was changed to canji(persons with disabilities) and then canzhang(physically challenged), which has literally manifested the unfolding of the new philosophy for the physically challenged. In particular, the achievements of the China physically-challenged programs in the new era shows that at both institutional and mindset dimensions, it has stepped beyond the definition of canji and entered into the higher level featured by the term canzhang. As for the future practical strategies of the national physically-challenged programs, it is important to hold on the ideas of socialist humanism, and to explore the constitutional model and human rights model for physically-challenged rights protection. This is also the major clue to conclude the achievements of the two "30 years" physically-challenged programs since the establishment of the PRC. Countries worldwide, particularly developing countries, can draw experience from this China model of developing the programs and strategies of human rights-based governance. The Chinese experience and theories also can be shared by community with a shared future for human beings.

社会参与在社区肢体残疾人自我污名和抑郁间的中介效应

目的:基于修正标签理论探讨我国社区肢体残疾人自我污名、社会参与与抑郁的关系及社会参与的中介作用。方法:便利抽取吉林省延边州185名社区肢体残疾人,以抑郁自评量表、解释性模型访谈目录污名量表、参与量表进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 26.0软件进行描述统计分析,采用Amos 26.0软件进行中介效应分析。结果:抑郁总分为(41.73±8.99)分,自我污名总分为(24.10±8.34)分,社会参与总分为(37.04±12.62)分。不同家庭月收入、性格类型、残疾等级、残疾年限和居住地在社区的肢体残疾人抑郁得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。自我污名与社会参与(r=0.776,P<0.01)、与抑郁(r=0.736,P<0.01)均呈显著正相关,社会参与与抑郁呈显著正相关(r=0.694,P<0.01);社会参与在自我污名和抑郁间起部分中介效应,效应值为33.33%。结论:自我污名可直接或通过社会参与的部分中介作用间接影响抑郁,今后实施社区肢体残疾人心理健康护理干预时应关注其自我污名及社会参与水平对负性情绪的影响,从而有效确保社区肢体残疾人心理健康干预效果。

志愿者参与的奥马哈系统干预防范社区老年人失能风险研究

目的探讨志愿者参与的奥马哈系统干预对社区老年人失能风险的影响。方法2022年3~9月,将120例社区老年人随机分为对照组、观察组和志愿者组。对照组为空白对照,观察组给予基于奥马哈系统的综合干预,志愿者组引入志愿者参与综合干预,共干预3个月。分别于干预前、干预3个月后采用奥马哈结局评价表、老年人失能风险评价量表、世界卫生组织生活质量测定简表评价干预效果。结果干预后,志愿者组和观察组健康行为领域的各项目得分均高于对照组,其中志愿者组营养、身体活动、个人照料得分更高(均P<0.05);志愿者组和观察组的失能风险评价量表总分显著低于对照组(均P<0.05);志愿者组和观察组生活质量得分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论志愿者参与基于奥马哈系统的综合干预,能够改善老年人的健康行为,降低老年人的失能风险,提高其生活质量。

世界卫生组织残疾人生存质量量表一般残疾版本中文版的信效度

目的:检验世界卫生组织残疾人生存质量量表一般残疾版本(WHOQOL-DIS Scales for PD)中文版的可接受性、信度和效度,以便用于中国残疾人的生存质量的研究。方法:采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,从广州市抽取一般残疾人(除智力残疾的其他残疾人)807名。间隔1周后,对自愿进行重复调查的109人进行重测。对量表进行可接受性、信度和效度检验,并以生活满意度量表(SWLS)为校标。结果:量表回收率为99.2%,除了性生活满意度条目缺失率为35.7%,其余条目的缺失率均小于5.0%。量表5个领域的Cronbachα系数为0.77～0.84;间隔1周后重测ICC为0.82～0.91。量表条目与所属领域得分的秩相关系数为0.30～0.84,高于与其他领域的相关性;验证性因子分析显示量表的拟合较好(χ2=2405.57,df=569,RM SEA=0.06,GFI=0.85,CFI=0.87);量表5个领域得分与SWLS得分呈正相关(r=0.15～0.45,均P<0.05)。结论:世界卫生组织残疾人生存质量量表一般残疾版本中文版具有较好的可接受性、信度和效度,可用于中国残疾人生存质量的研究。

南京市残疾人群众性体育开展现状及影响因素的调查分析

运用问卷对南京市238名普通残疾人和98名管理干部进行调查,目的是了解残疾人群众体育开展现状及影响因素。结果表明:残疾人体育人口远低于健全人体育人口比例;参加体育锻炼的组织形式以个人或家庭为主;锻炼方式主要是步行、在社区健身路径或健身点锻炼、在家做简单运动等;体育锻炼的场所主要集中于家中、社区健身路径或健身点、马路空地和公园、公共绿地或广场。影响残疾人参加体育锻炼的因素较多,残疾人和管理者对于残疾人参加体育锻炼影响因素的认识不完全相同。

残疾人健身现状调查与对策研究

运用问卷调查、数理统计、文献资料调研及访谈等方法,在对残疾人健身现状全面把握、并根据其特点和存在问题进行详尽的原因分析的基础上,提出促进残疾人健身的具体对策:加强宣传,突出《全民健身计划纲要》的“全民性”;合理制定体育目标,帮助残疾人建立健康的生活方式;以现实问题为基础,解决残疾人健身的内忧外患;残疾人体育的真意是康复体育而非消费体育;发挥残疾人组织的积极作用,加强残疾人体育健身引导和管理;残疾人健身要体现针对性和特殊性等。

论教育公平视野下的残疾人高等体育教育

从社会公平的角度分析,目前我国残疾人高等体育教育存在着接受高等体育教育的权利和机会不平等等问题。究其根源是高等体育教育价值取向的不合理和制度设计的不公正。提出解决问题的途径是通过制度改革和政策调整,逐步建立残疾人高等体育教育事业公平发展的机制,并通过政府行为和转移支付制度确保残疾人高等体育教育事业健康发展。

论残疾人健身制约因素与无障碍环境建设

推进残疾人社会保障和服务体系建设是新时期残疾人工作的重点。本文运用文献调研、调查法、逻辑分析等研究方法,在总结残疾人体育锻炼现状的基础上,归纳出残疾人健身的制约因素主要集中在社会观念、政策调控机制、健身服务体系等方面;残疾人体育锻炼无障碍环境必须包含心理环境、人文环境和物质环境三个方面;加快残疾人体育锻炼无障碍环境建设必须树立平等共享的社会观念,完善残疾人体育服务人才培养体系以及提高体育建筑中无障碍环境的设计能力等。

肢体残疾成人社会生活状况和心理健康的关系

对140例肢体残疾成人进行社会生活状况和心理健康状况的配对调查研究。结果：肢体残疾成人社会支持水平低于非残疾人，在人格特征方面情绪稳定性得分明显高于非残疾人，性格内外向得分明显低于非残疾人，表明肢体残疾成人具有内倾、情绪不稳定的人格特征；在心理健康方面，残疾人心理症状评分高于非残疾人。逐步回归和Logistic回归分析表明，影响残疾人心理健康的主要因素是人格，其次是残疾年限等。提示不良的生活环境和条件形成了残疾人人格特征以至心理健康水平的下降，这又从自身增加了改善生活环境条件和参与社会生活的困难。要使残疾人真正成为社会平等一员参与社会生活，除了要努力改善残疾人的社会生活状况和身体状况外，加强心理康复非常重要。

肢体残疾人社会支持现状调查

社会支持是指个体从其所拥有的社会关系中获得的精神上和物质上的支持,这些支持能减轻个体的心理应激反应,缓解精神紧张状态,提高社会适应能力。为了解肢体残疾人社会支持现状及影响因素,对83名肢体残疾人进行了问卷调查。结果发现肢体残疾人社会支持的总分低于全国平均水平;婚姻状况、性别、工作状况、文化程度等均会对肢体残疾人的社会支持情况产生影响。研究提出的对策建议有优先利用肢体残疾人家属为其提供基础性支持;建立有针对性、多层次的社会支持体系;完善肢体残疾人医疗、教育、就业的相关法律法规;为肢体残疾人提供心理健康服务体系。

辽宁省残疾人参与体育锻炼的现状与发展策略研究

对辽宁省残疾人群体的结构特征、参与体育锻炼的态度、动机以及体育消费情况的调查与分析,以便全面了解辽宁省残疾人参与体育锻炼的现状,掌握参与过程中存在的问题,透析其实质,目的在于寻求切实有效的发展途径,为推进辽宁省残疾人体育运动的发展,提供必要的理论支撑。

残疾人体育参与的社会性障碍——基于社会-文化视角

从社会–文化的视角分析残疾人体育参与的社会性障碍,包括:污名化及面子文化导致残疾人及家庭产生社会退却行为,残疾人参与社会的动力不足;公共政策将“障碍”局限为特殊人群的体验,导致在体育参与过程中存在外部环境障碍;“体能主义”导致残疾人身份认同危机,并形成体育对残疾人身体的排斥。为此,应以消除社会性障碍为重点促进残疾人的体育参与,包括:完善社会支持网络,重建残疾人及家庭的社会联结;遵循通用设计原则,推进无障碍环境建设;树立融合体育观,强化对残疾人身体的接纳。

我国残疾人全民健身由弱到强的策略构想

对我国残疾人全民健身开展的现状进行了分析和研究,结果表明:残疾人全民健身的发展虽已取得巨大成绩,但仍然存在服务人员偏少、组织管理体系不完善、设施服务体系不完备、保障体系不健全、信息宣传服务不到位等诸多问题。据此提出了对策和建议:健全残疾人全民健身组织管理体系,深化残疾人体育管理体制改革;加强残疾人全民健身服务保障体系建设;加快残疾人体育法制化建设;加大全民健身事业财政投入,加强体育场地设施建设与管理;创新残疾人全民健身宣传手段,加强残疾人全民健身信息服务建设等。

体育运动与残疾人人格发展探析

对残疾人人格的培养已成为当今世界教育理论的主流之一。体育运动本身就具有深刻的文化教育功能,是促使人社会化与完善自我身心健康的一种途径。因此,本文旨在通过对体育运动与残疾人人格发展进行探析,为当今教育理论的发展和体育的社会化提供新的思路。

积极心理学视角下残疾大学生体育锻炼与心理韧性培养研究

心理韧性作为一种重要心理素质,是衡量当代大学生心理健康水平的重要指标。残疾大学生由于生理上的缺陷在校园中一直属于弱势群体,因此增强残疾大学生逆境中的心理承受能力就显得十分必要,体育锻炼是促进身心和谐增强心理韧性的有效方法之一。文章基于积极心理学视角,带入心理韧性相关模型进行分析,从心理潜能角度论证体育锻炼对残疾大学生心理韧性塑造的补充意义。体育锻炼通过连接个体与环境,对残疾大学生的认知、情感、精神、行为等方面有较好地重塑作用,帮助残疾大学生统合人格,在移情、问题解决、自我意识及自我察觉等方面挖掘更多的能量来源,进一步提出在构建社会主义和谐社会中发展残疾大学生体育锻炼的重要性。