The Impact of Capital Requirements on Companies＇ External Financing

The new prudential standards implemented by the Basel Committee treat banks＇ capital as a foundation for safety. The appropriate level of bank＇s capital helps to manage all kinds of risks with the special attendance on credit risk. The adequate capital base enables absorbing losses and maintaining bank＇s stability. The necessity to fulfill the capital requirements influences banks＇ credit policy and, as a result, the access to companies＇ external financing. The main purpose of the paper is to present the impact of the capital requirements implemented by Basel Committee （Basel III requirements） on companies＇ access to external finance. The paper discusses the changes in credit standards, the companies＇ external financing and formulates the prerequisites for the further development of companies＇ external financing. The paper contains the empirical data for largest European euro area countries regarding the GDP.

2018： China Is Still the Top Choice for Chinese Companies＇ M＆A

On November 30th, according to the Global Capital Confidence Barometer （hereinafter referred to as the Barometer） which was recently released by Ernst ＆ Young, the increase in this year＇s transactions will continue to raise global M＆A activities.

Discussion on the Particularity and Countermeasures of the Nongovernmental Aviation Companies＇ Financing Environment

On March 11th 2005, the first flight of nongovernmental aviation company means the situation that state capital controls the whole Chinese civil aviation industry has been broken. The nongovernmental aviation companies must face financing problem during their growing process unavoidably. Moreover, compared with other aviation companies in the world, the financing environment of nongovernmental aviation companies in China is very special. This paper has discussed the particularity of nongovernmental aviation companies＇ financing environment in China, and brought out some advice from the angles of government and nongovernmental aviation companies.

Chinese Oil Companies＇ Overseas Cooperation in 2016

The paper analyzed the development and features of China's oil companies' overseas business in 2016.Despite the plummeting crude price and a weak global economy,these companies managed to do well in foreign countries.They steadily increased their shares of oil and gas in overseas oil and gas projects with their distinctive and unique ways:the three state-owned oil companies had focused on the countries involved in the One-BeltOne-Road Initiative,and others had been stressed more on international cooperation in a broader sense and areas.The small-and middle-scale companies had been matured and grew during the process.The central and local governments also played indispensable roles by providing need support for the cooperations.

The Analysis of Mobile Phone Companies＇ Virtual Marketing Strategy

With the development of economic globalization and the information industry, the competition among the mobile phone companies is increasingly fierce. This requires the mobile phone companies to re-examine the traditional marketing strategies, to seek and implement new feasible marketing strategy. This paper introduces the definition of virtual marketing, dissertates four virtual marketing strategies implemented by the mobile phone companies, and points out the problems in the process of implementing virtual marketing strategies and proposes the corresponding countermeasures.

Research on the Performance of Listed Companies＇ Bankruptcy Reorganization -Taking HULUDAO ZINC INDUSTRY CO.,LTD. as an Example

Bankruptcy Reorganization is a legal system to regenerate enterprises that meet the requirements of bankruptcy but have the ability to survive. Since the implementation of Bankruptcy law in 2007？to the end of 2016, there are already 75 listed companies in the bankruptcy reorganization process to rectify the operation. Bankruptcy Reorganization is becoming an important way for some enterprises to get rid of their difficulties. However, whether the enterprises after the bankruptcy reorganization can really get reborn is worth further study. This article uses HULUDAO ZINC INDUSTRY CO.,LTD. as an example, examines the financial performance and market performance of the company before and after the bankruptcy reorganization, and verifies the effect of the bankruptcy reorganization system in order to provide guidance and suggestions for improving the system of bankruptcy reorganization of the listed companies.

The Announcement Effects of China＇s Listed Companies＇ Divestitures

By utilizing the mean adjusted return model of the event study, this paper examines the announcement-period abnormal returns of a sample of 44 divestitures of China＇s listing companies completed during 1998-2002. The findings are that sample firms have positive cumulative average abnormal returns in the event windows of [-1, ＋1] and [0, ＋7], and that, as for any individual firm, almost half of the sample firms get positive cumulative abnormal returns in a narrow event window. Those results show that the corporate divestitures of China are able to increase shareholders＇ wealth in a short period around the announcement date.

Evolution and Governance of the Structure of Marine Economic Networks in China’s Coastal Areas: Based on Sea-related A-share Listed Companies

Data on discrete,isolated attributes of the marine economy are often used in traditional marine economic research.However,as the focus of urban research shifts from internal static attributes to external dynamic linkages,the importance of marine economic net-work research is beginning to emerge.The construction of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas is necessary to change the flow of land and sea resources and optimize regional marine economic development.Employing data from headquarters and branches of sea-related A-share listed enterprises to construct the marine economic network in China,we use social network analysis(SNA)to discuss the characteristics of its evolution as of 2010,2015,and 2020 and its governance.The following results were obtained.1)In terms of topological characteristics,the scale of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas has accelerated and expan-ded,and the connections have become increasingly close;thus,this development has complex network characteristics.2)In terms of spatial structure,the intensity of the connection fluctuates and does not form stable development support;the group structure gradually becomes clear,but the overall pattern is fragmented;there are spatial differences in marine economic agglomeration radiation;the radi-ation effect of the eastern marine economic circle is obvious;and the polarization effect of northern and southern marine economic circles is significant.On this basis,we construct a framework for the governance of a marine economic network with the market,the government,and industry as the three governing bodies.By clarifying the driving factors and building objectives of marine economic network construction,this study aims to foster the high-quality development of China’s marine economy.

Research on the path of effective management of participation in joint-venture railway companies by China railway group

Purpose-Following the regional restructuring,the number of joint-venture railway companies in which the Group participates has significantly increased.This paper aims to explore the challenges faced by China Railway Group in managing participation in joint-venture railway companies.The study seeks to propose specific approaches to ensure the effective management of these companies,thereby maximizing the benefits of the regional restructuring and supporting the development of a strong transportation country and a modern infrastructure system.Design/methodology/approach-Based on the change in the shareholding relationship between China Railway Group and the joint-venture railway companies,and considering the current situation of the regional restructuring of these companies,as well as the insights from existing literature and typical case studies,this paper proposes some specific paths for effective management of joint-stock railway companies which China Railway Group participated in.Findings-The problems in participation management are the unclear dual leadership role of the party committee,the lack of discourse power,the lack of synergy between shareholders,the increasing risk of sustainable operation of the loss-making companies and the role of dispatched personnel is not fully played.Based on the theories,combined with the existing research and practical cases,the paper proposed specific approaches,such as perfecting top-level system design,maintaining the discourse power,carrying out differentiated management,arranging personnel rationally,arranging shareholders synergy,and innovating methods to provide references for China Railway Group’s subsequent management of joint venture railway companies.Originality/value-This paper contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the challenges faced by China Railway Group in managing participation in joint-venture railway companies following the regional restructuring.The study offers novel insights and practical recommendations for addressing these challenges.The findings can serve as valuable references for China Railway Group’s subsequent management of joint-venture railway companies which participated in,as well as for other stateowned enterprises facing similar challenges in managing their joint ventures.

Assessment Report on Business Environment for Foreign-funded Companies(Zhejiang)

In spite of the slowdown in world economic growth and the escalation of geopolitical tensions,the numerous multinational companies still cast votes of confidence in the Chinese market with their practical actions.In particular,Zhejiang Province displayed its magnetic attraction for high-quality foreign investment.Data shows that in 2023,the province’s actual use of FDI(foreign direct investment)came at USD 20.2 billion(exceeding USD 20.0 billion for the first time ever),ranked the 4th nationwide.The total FDI saw an increase of 4.8%year on year,and FDI used in the manufacturing sector rose by 85.8%,whose percentage in the total reached a record high.

Management Practices:Shaping Employee Satisfaction and Commitment in Large German Companies

The rapid evolution of the political,economic,and social landscape has generated increased interest in understanding the contextual application of management styles and behaviours toward employees.In this context,organizations must comprehend and assess employee satisfaction to enhance productivity and realize their strategic and economic goals.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the prevailing and significant management behaviours toward employees in large German companies and their impact on employee satisfaction and job commitment.To achieve the research objective,the study will employ a qualitative method to explore management behaviours toward employees.Data were collected through interviews with randomly selected managers from different companies and departments.The study aims to uncover discrepancies or variations in employee expectations regarding management behaviour.The findings will provide a better understanding of the most prevalent and significant management behaviours toward employees in large German companies and their impact on employee satisfaction and job commitment.The results will be valuable to management in adopting suitable leadership styles and improving employee satisfaction,leading to increased productivity and organizational performance.The research will contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field of management and human resource management by providing insights into the impact of management behaviours on employees.It will also offer recommendations to management on how to enhance employee satisfaction and job commitment,leading to improved organizational performance.In conclusion,this study will investigate the prevailing management behaviours toward employees in large German companies and their impact on employee satisfaction and job commitment.

Leading Chinese Companies to Seek Opportunities in Overseas Markets

On April 14,a flight from China landed at ingsford Smith Airport in Sydney,marking the beginning of the journey for Chinese companies entering the Australian and New Zealand markets.The"Thousands of Entrepreneur Delegations Going Overseas"activity is an important measure taken by China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT) to help companies develop in foreign markets and promote practical cooperation between Chinese and foreign businesses.Since the beginning of the year.

Construction of Value-Creation Oriented Carbon Assets Management System of Oil Companies

As climate change draws more attention globally,the development of low-carbon economy has become an inevitable choice for mankind to achieve sustainable development.The increasingly strict control of carbon emission is making carbon emission rights a scarce resource and endowing the rights with the attributes of assets and commodities.China has announced the goal of“carbon emission peaking before 2030 and carbon neutralization before 2060”.Responding to this goal,as major carbon emitters,oil companies play the role of a driving force for green and low-carbon development.Carbon assets management is a key path for oil companies to achieve emission reduction goals and low-carbon transformation.However,the carbon assets management of China’s oil companies is still in the initial stage,with the system and regulations not yet sound,and the management process not yet closed loop.First the modes and experiences of carbon assets management in major international oil companies is introduced.Then the objective logical relationship and linkage laws between carbon assets management and enterprise value creation are comprehensively analyzed by integrating the basic theories of economics and management.On this basis,a value-creation oriented carbon assets management system for oil companies is constructed,mainly covering aspects such as enterprise strategy,control mechanisms,carbon inventory,and management modes.

Influence of Energy Policies on Development Path of US Oil Companies

Focused on“energy security”,US energy policies have undergone a multi-stage evolution.The main line has shifted from ensuring the oil and gas supply to achieving energy independence,and then to diversified development under a broader concept of energy security.The development path of US oil and gas companies is guided and influenced by series of policies.Represented by ExxonMobil and Chevron,US oil companies are maintaining a long commitment to the oil and gas business,especially unconventional resources such as shale gas and shale oil.Different from their European counterparts,US oil companies have chosen CCS/CCUS as their primary method for achieving carbon neutrality.As for the new energy business,the US oil giants are showing more interest in raw materials such as lithium resources rather than the power generation business.

7th CIIE likely to prove solid growth platform for many companies

The robust demand of the Chinese market and the improving business environment in the country make China a big growth opportunity for companies wishing to further expand their operations,said corporates that have registered to participate at this year's China International Import Expo.The 7th edition of the annual CIIE,to be held in Shanghai from Nov 5 to 10,started its 100-day countdown on Saturday.

Indian textile companies continue to succeed in Bangladesh

The central bank data shows Bangladesh's import of RMG raw materials such as raw cotton,yarn,fabric and dyeing materials was US$7.92 billion in the first half of FY'24.The BGMEA reports Bangladesh's apparel exports are 71 per cent cotton-based.The country,however,meets 99 per cent of its cotton demand through imports.After Brazil,India is the second la rgest cotton supplier to Bangladesh and holds a 12 per cent market share,according to United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).

Sustainable Marketing at the Heart of Cosmetics Companies:Myth or Reality?

Cosmetic companies are trying to include more sustainability in their strategies. But, showing commitment is always a challenge for them. This work consists in showing the degree of commitment of cosmetic companies in their marketing practices. The qualitative study carried out aims to determine the level of their commitment in terms of sustainability, based on 10 websites of “sustainable” cosmetics companies that sell their products online, and on defining sustainability criteria for each variable of the marketing mix. The results indicate that the majority of the companies analyzed are aware of the importance of sustainability and have taken measures to have a positive impact on the economy, society and the environment. The companies have made considerable efforts in “product” and “communication” strategies, but additional improvements can be envisaged for “price” and “distribution” strategies.

Current Situation and Prospects of Chinese Oil Companies’Overseas Oil and Gas Cooperation

In 2022,with the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical conflicts,the world faced major changes unseen in a century.Chinese oil companies worked hard to overcome many unfavorable factors and insisted on focusing on efficiency and promoting the high-quality joint construction of the“Belt and Road”.Further breakthroughs were achieved in asset optimization,and simultaneous increases in quantity and efficiency were secured in overseas oil and gas cooperation.

Energy Companies’Green Finance Strategies in the Context of Carbon Neutrality

In September 2020,Chinese President Xi Jinping solemnly announced the goal of“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”.Carbon neutrality and green transition requires not only political promotion and fiscal support,but also social capital investment in green industries.Green financing is also an effective way to promote the low-carbon development of China’s energy companies.In this paper,on the basis of defining green finance,we reviewed the policies of green finance in China,described various tools of green finance,summarized green finance business of energy companies,and made case studies.This research combined macro policy and market,and micro industry and enterprise.