Bounds for Polynomial’s Roots from Fiedler and Sparse Companion Matrices for Submultiplicative Matrix Norms

We use submultiplicative companion matrix norms to provide new bounds for roots for a given polynomial P(X) over the field C[X]. From a n×n Fiedler companion matrix C, sparse companion matrices and triangular Hessenberg matrices are introduced. Then, we identify a special triangular Hessenberg matrix Lr, supposed to provide a good estimation of the roots. By application of Gershgorin’s theorems to this special matrix in case of submultiplicative matrix norms, some estimations of bounds for roots are made. The obtained bounds have been compared to known ones from the literature precisely Cauchy’s bounds, Montel’s bounds and Carmichel-Mason’s bounds. According to the starting formel of Lr, we see that the more we have coefficients closed to zero with a norm less than 1, the more the Sparse method is useful.

Companion矩阵的伪谱问题

基于Givens-QR分解,给出了companion矩阵的一种伪谱定义和相应的快速计算方法;利用给出的companion矩阵伪谱作为工具分析了balance技术的作用,说明了balance技术在矩阵计算中的重要性和有效性;针对多项式零点扰动,探讨了companion矩阵的结构伪谱;最后,对文中所给算法进行了数值试验与比较,说明了其正确性和有效性.

Effects of seven different companion plants on cucumber productivity, soil chemical characteristics and Pseudomonas community

Companion cropping can influence cucumber productivity by altering soil chemical characteristics and microbial communities. However, how these alterations affect the growth of cucumber is still unknown. In this study, seven different plant species were selected as companion plants for testing their effects on cucumber productivity. The effects of different companion plants on changes in soil chemical properties such as electrical conductivity （EC） and contents of essential nutrients as well as the structure and abundance of the soil Pseudomonas community were evaluated. The results showed a higher cucumber yield in the wheat/cucumber companion system than that in the cucumber monocultured and other companion cropping systems. The lowest phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） contents in the soil were found in the cucumber monocultured system, and the highest NO3＋-N and NH4＊-N contents were observed in the rye/cucumber companion system. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and real-time PCR analysis showed that the trifolium/cucumber companion system increased the diversity of the soil Pseudomonas community, while the chrysanthemum/cucumber companion system increased its abundance. Interestingly, plant-soil feedback trials revealed that inoculating the soil of the wheat/cucumber companion system increased the growth of cucumber seedlings. In conclusion, the effects of different companion plants on cucumber productivity, soil chemical characteristics and the soil Pseudomonas community were different, and wheat was a more suitable companion plant for increasing cucumber productivity. In addition, the altered microbial community caused by companion cropping with wheat contributed to increased cucumber productivity.

Companion diagnostics for the targeted therapy of gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common type ofcancer and represents a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. With recent biomedical advances in our understanding of the molecular characteristics of gastric cancer, many genetic alterations have been identified as potential targets for its treatment. Multiple novel agents are currently under development as the demand for active agents that improve the survival of gastric cancer patients constantly increases. Based on lessons from previous trials of targeted agents, it is now widely accepted that the establishment of an optimal diagnostic test to select molecularly defined patients is of equal importance to the development of active agents against targetable genetic alterations. Herein, we highlight the current status and future perspectives of companion diagnostics in the treatment of gastric cancer.

RESEARCH ON THE COMPANION SOLUTION FOR A THIN PLATE IN THE MESHLESS LOCAL BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD

The meshless local boundary integral equation method is a currently developed numerical method, which combines the advantageous features of Galerkin finite element method(GFEM), boundary element method(BEM) and element free Galerkin method(EFGM), and is a truly meshless method possessing wide prospects in engineering applications. The companion solution and all the other formulas required in the meshless local boundary integral equation for a thin plate were presented, in order to make this method apply to solve the thin plate problem.

Experiences of women with the support they received from their birth companions during labour and delivery in Malawi

A study was conducted to describe the experiences of primiparous women with the support they received from their birth companions during labour and delivery in Malawi. The study design was descriptive and utilized qualitative data collection and analysis method on a sample of 20 primiparous women. The women were recruited from the postnatal ward of Bwaila hospital and were interviewed regarding their experiences on the support they received from their birth companions during labour and delivery using an open ended interview guide. Data was manually analyzed using content analysis. Primiparous women described the support they received from their birth companions as useful and beneficial. Birth companions provided advice, physical, emotional and spiritual support to the women during their labour and delivery. In addition, the birth companions were viewed as guardians of the women during labour and delivery. Results however, show that some women were not properly assisted by their companions because both the mothers and companions lacked knowledge on birth companionship. The results further show that birth companions play important roles during the birth and delivery of primiparous women and thereby improving birth outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to train the companions regarding support to a woman during labour and delivery. Primiparous women also need to be trained during antenatal care education so that they properly understand the roles of a birth companion as opposed to those of the midwives.

SciMed Ltd Companion Ⅲ颈颅多普勒综合故障检修一例

SciM ed Ltd Companion III二通道八深度颈颅多普勒检测仪（前身为EME公司产品）内部结构主要有三大部分组成。电源部分：主机电源部分,采用单相AC 220V输入,提供DC12V和DC5V直流电源输出;二次供电部分,主要为数据采集板提供电源。电脑部分：主要采用INTEL公司的迅驰移动式Inter Pen IV CPU,低功耗工业计算机专用主板,

Closed-form Solutions to the Matrix Equation AX-EXF=BY with F in Companion Form

A closed-form solution to the linear matrix equation AX-EXF = BY with X and Y unknown and matrix F being in a companion form is proposed, and two equivalent forms of this solution are also presented. The results provide great convenience to the computation and analysis of the solutions to this class of equations, and can perform important functions in many analysis and design problems in descriptor system theory. The results proposed here are parallel to and more general than our early work about the linear matrix equation AX-XF = BY .

Optimal Release Control of Companion Satellite System Using Electromagnetic Forces

Electromagnetic forces generated by the inter-action of component satellites can be used to release companion satellites. Optimal release trajectories for companion satellite system using inter-electromagnetic forces were investigated. Firstly,nonlinear relative motion dynamic equations of a two-craft electromagnetic companion satellite system were derived in spatial polar coordinates. Then principles of electromagnetic satellite formation flying were introduced. Secondly,the characteristics of the electromagnetic companion satellites release were analyzed and optimal release trajectories of companion satellites using electromagnetic forces were obtained using Gauss pseudospectral method. Three performance criteria were chosen as minimum time,minimum acceleration of the separation distance and minimum control acceleration. Finally,three release examples including expansion along separation distance, rotation in orbital plane and stable formation reconfiguration were given to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. Results indicated that the release trajectories can converge to optimal solutions effectively and the concept of release companion satellites using electromagnetic forces is practicable.

Recent clinical trials of cancer immunogene therapy in companion animals

This mini-review presents the results of veterinary clinical trials on immunogene therapy published from 2014 to 2016. A variety of tumors, among them melanoma(canine and equine), mastocytoma(canine), mammary adenocarcinoma(canine) and fibrosarcoma(feline) were treated by using diverse strategies. Non-viral vectors were usually employed to transfer genes of cytokines, suicide enzymes and/or tumor associated antigens. In general terms, minor or no adverse collateral effects were related to these procedures, and treated patients frequently improved their conditions(better quality of life, delayed or suppressed recurrence or metastatic spread, increased survival). Some of these new methodologies have a promising future if applied as adjuvant treatments of standard approaches. The auspicious results, derived from immunogene therapy studies carried out in companion animals, warrant their imperative usage in veterinary clinical oncology. Besides, they provide a strong preclinical basis(safety assays and proofs of concept) for analogous human clinical trials.

Pets Are Our Best Companions

Paula Hagen-Peterson an American reader, asked us in a recent letter, ’’Pats are treated as family members in many countries. Can you tell me how dogs, cats, birds and horses are treated in China" Many readers have asked us this very question and so to satisfy their curiosity, China Today has asked several Chinese pet owners to talk about their relationships with their pets. Nowadays, Chinese not only like to raise traditional pets such as cats and dogs, but they also enjoy raising lizards end snaker.

Solar cells based on doubly concerted companion dyes with the efficiencies modulated by inserting an ethynyl group at different positions

To develop efficient sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs),we recently reported doubly concerted companion(DCC)dye XW83 with a wrapped porphyrin sub-dye unit linked to an organic sub-dye unit through a flexible chain,which exhibits panchromatic absorption and excellent anti-aggregation ability.To further improve the absorption,we herein report XW87 and XW88 by inserting an ethynyl group into the organic sub-dye unit of XW83 near the donor and acceptor,respectively.For the corresponding organic dyes Z3 and Z4,the introduced ethynyl group improves their absorption,but induces aggravated charge recombination,leading to lowered power conversion efficiencies(PCEs).Similar to the organic dyes,the introduced ethynyl group improves the absorption of DCC dyes XW87 and XW88 as well.In addition,the ethynyl group near the acceptor of the organic sub-dye unit can be well protected by the long wrapping chains from the porphyrin unit.As a result,XW88 affords the highest JSC(21.84 mA/cm^(2)),V_(OC)(782 mV)and PCE(12.2%)among the DCC dyes.These results provide an effective method for developing efficient DSSC dyes by inserting an ethynyl group at a suitable position of a DCC dye.

香葱伴生番茄对青枯病及根际微生态特征的影响

【目的】为明确香葱伴生对番茄青枯病及根际微生态特征的影响,揭示香葱伴生番茄降低青枯病发病率的机理。【方法】通过田间试验设置番茄单作和香葱伴生番茄2个处理,分别采集单作发病番茄(QK)、单作健康番茄(NBS)和香葱伴生番茄(BS)的根际土壤,应用16S rDNA高通量测序和液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)技术,探究香葱伴生对番茄根际微生态特征的影响。【结果】田间试验结果表明,番茄单作处理和香葱伴生番茄处理的青枯病平均病株率分别为50.48、31.43%,香葱伴生番茄处理对番茄青枯病的防治效果为37.74%。16S rDNA高通量测序结果表明,BS、NBS根际土壤细菌群落相对丰度和多样性均显著高于QK;与QK相比,BS和NBS根际土壤细菌茄科雷尔氏菌属相对丰度显著降低,而芽孢杆菌属相对丰度升高;与NBS相比,BS根际土壤细菌茄科雷尔氏菌属相对丰度降低,芽孢杆菌属相对丰度显著提高。利用LC-MS技术共鉴定出番茄根际土壤代谢物586种,其中正离子模式代谢物320种,负离子模式代谢物266种,并将代谢物的功能注释至新陈代谢、遗传信息加工和环境信息加工等代谢通路;与NBS相比,BS根际土壤代谢物中的缬氨酸、L-天冬酰胺和柠檬酸的含量均显著降低,L-赖氨酸、谷氨酸、D-谷氨酰胺和异亮氨酸的含量也低于NBS,但差异未达到显著水平。【结论】香葱伴生番茄显著降低番茄青枯病田间发病率,改变了番茄根际土壤中细菌群落结构和番茄根际土壤代谢物含量。

《欧洲语言共同参考框架》(增补版)文本阅读能力体系的解读与重构

《欧洲语言共同参考框架:学习、教学、评估》自2001年发布以来,对世界范围内的语言教学产生了广泛而深刻的影响。2020年发布的增补版向使用者呈现了更适应当代语言教学的语言能力体系、语言能力等级和语言能力量表,其中提出的全新的文本阅读能力体系,对阅读学习、阅读教学与评估具有重要指导意义。文章对该版文本阅读相关内容进行了梳理和解读,通过分析其优点和不足,尝试将该文本阅读能力体系重构为由两种视角、八大参项、228项指标构成的三级评估体系。两种视角为文本内容视角和学习者能力视角,分别对应文本类型、话题类型、文本可读性、语言庄典度,和知识能力、策略能力、理解能力、熟练程度等八大参项,每个参项又可细化为若干具体指标,以期对阅读教学、学习以及阅读能力评估产生积极的引导作用。

闽楠-木荷混交林空间结构及其养分利用

【目的】为探讨混交林中闽楠和木荷的种间关系,确定木荷能否作为闽楠的伴生树种营建健康高效的闽楠-木荷混交林。【方法】以金洞林场16年生的闽楠-木荷混交林以及闽楠纯林、木荷纯林为研究对象,通过分析闽楠-木荷混交林的根系分布特性与林分空间结构特性来探讨闽楠-木荷混交林地上与地下部分的种间关系;通过分析不同物候期下3种林分的闽楠与木荷叶片养分的动态规律来阐明闽楠与木荷之间的养分利用关系。【结果】1)在16年生闽楠-木荷混交林中,在闽楠周围1.5 m内闽楠和木荷的根系分布虽有部分重叠,但闽楠仍占据优势地位,闽楠和木荷在地下生长空间和养分吸收利用方面存在竞争但竞争不激烈;2)整体林分空间结构上,闽楠、木荷纯林略优于闽楠-木荷混交林,说明混交林的树种不同,树种之间的生长特性和生态特性不一样,林分的均一性会差一些,对其调整结构的难度要大于纯林。混交林中,木荷已对闽楠形成了一定的竞争优势;3)闽楠-木荷混交林中,对养分吸收利用在物候期上部分不同步,存在相对有利的互补关系;从所有的物候期来看,闽楠叶片的N、P、K含量在大部分时期都高于木荷,表明闽楠-木荷混交更有利于闽楠对养分的吸收利用,木荷对养分的需求更低;4)16年生混交林中闽楠、木荷的生长速度要优于相应的纯林,表明前期竞争促进了林分的生长。【结论】闽楠与木荷混交有利于闽楠获得更多的养分,适度竞争促进了林木的生长,木荷是闽楠较好的伴生树种。

儿童智能陪伴机器人的情感化设计研究

儿童智能陪伴机器人设计基于以人为本的设计理念,旨在为儿童提供更加智能化、情感化的陪伴体验。设计以情感化设计为核心,结合人工智能技术为儿童打造一个能够理解、感知和回应他们情感需求的智能陪伴机器人。机器人采用了自然语言处理技术,有效提升了孩子们的语言交流能力。儿童智能陪伴机器人设计是一种未来趋势,它不仅可以为家庭教育和儿童娱乐领域带来较大的变化,还可以为孩子们提供一个安全、可靠、有趣的学习环境和娱乐环境。

多元主题文学史论的集成--评《剑桥俄罗斯经典小说指南》

作为“剑桥指南丛书”俄罗斯专题的开山之作,《剑桥俄罗斯经典小说指南》是当代西方斯拉夫学界专论俄罗斯文学传统的代表作。这部由英美两位学者联袂主编、14位名家合作撰写的论文集,既是有关国别文学专题史的集体专著,又具有教材属性,展现出作者们在专业上厚积薄发的精湛功力。本书在结构上别具一格,本文将其概括为“多主题并举阐释俄罗斯经典小说传统的发展线索”,在材料选取上亦有颇可圈点之处。此书给中国学者提供了对观的镜子、对话的伙伴,有助于我们在中、英、俄三方平等对话中照鉴自身的优势与不足。