Discovery and Application of the Companion Fungus Related to Sclerotial Formation from Hyphae of Grifola umbellata

The companion fungus ( Grifola sp.) related to sclerotial formation from hyphae of Grifola umbellata (Pers.) Pilat was isolated from the cavity associated with sclerotia of G. umbellata in natural condition. Experimental results showed that the pure culture of G. umbellata was unable to form sclerotia, whereas sclerotia produced easily in flasks or on trunks when the companion fungus was inoculated together with strain of G. umbellata. The companion fungus is critical for sclerotium formation from hyphae of G. umbellata. Morphological differences were found in cultures of the two fungi. The companion fungus possesses thin-walled narrow hyphae, while G. umbellata is of wider hyphae which are either thick- or thin-walled.

Bounds for Polynomial’s Roots from Fiedler and Sparse Companion Matrices for Submultiplicative Matrix Norms

We use submultiplicative companion matrix norms to provide new bounds for roots for a given polynomial P(X) over the field C[X]. From a n×n Fiedler companion matrix C, sparse companion matrices and triangular Hessenberg matrices are introduced. Then, we identify a special triangular Hessenberg matrix Lr, supposed to provide a good estimation of the roots. By application of Gershgorin’s theorems to this special matrix in case of submultiplicative matrix norms, some estimations of bounds for roots are made. The obtained bounds have been compared to known ones from the literature precisely Cauchy’s bounds, Montel’s bounds and Carmichel-Mason’s bounds. According to the starting formel of Lr, we see that the more we have coefficients closed to zero with a norm less than 1, the more the Sparse method is useful.

Companion diagnostics for the targeted therapy of gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common type ofcancer and represents a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. With recent biomedical advances in our understanding of the molecular characteristics of gastric cancer, many genetic alterations have been identified as potential targets for its treatment. Multiple novel agents are currently under development as the demand for active agents that improve the survival of gastric cancer patients constantly increases. Based on lessons from previous trials of targeted agents, it is now widely accepted that the establishment of an optimal diagnostic test to select molecularly defined patients is of equal importance to the development of active agents against targetable genetic alterations. Herein, we highlight the current status and future perspectives of companion diagnostics in the treatment of gastric cancer.

Effects of seven different companion plants on cucumber productivity, soil chemical characteristics and Pseudomonas community

Companion cropping can influence cucumber productivity by altering soil chemical characteristics and microbial communities. However, how these alterations affect the growth of cucumber is still unknown. In this study, seven different plant species were selected as companion plants for testing their effects on cucumber productivity. The effects of different companion plants on changes in soil chemical properties such as electrical conductivity （EC） and contents of essential nutrients as well as the structure and abundance of the soil Pseudomonas community were evaluated. The results showed a higher cucumber yield in the wheat/cucumber companion system than that in the cucumber monocultured and other companion cropping systems. The lowest phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） contents in the soil were found in the cucumber monocultured system, and the highest NO3＋-N and NH4＊-N contents were observed in the rye/cucumber companion system. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and real-time PCR analysis showed that the trifolium/cucumber companion system increased the diversity of the soil Pseudomonas community, while the chrysanthemum/cucumber companion system increased its abundance. Interestingly, plant-soil feedback trials revealed that inoculating the soil of the wheat/cucumber companion system increased the growth of cucumber seedlings. In conclusion, the effects of different companion plants on cucumber productivity, soil chemical characteristics and the soil Pseudomonas community were different, and wheat was a more suitable companion plant for increasing cucumber productivity. In addition, the altered microbial community caused by companion cropping with wheat contributed to increased cucumber productivity.

Companion矩阵的伪谱问题

基于Givens-QR分解,给出了companion矩阵的一种伪谱定义和相应的快速计算方法;利用给出的companion矩阵伪谱作为工具分析了balance技术的作用,说明了balance技术在矩阵计算中的重要性和有效性;针对多项式零点扰动,探讨了companion矩阵的结构伪谱;最后,对文中所给算法进行了数值试验与比较,说明了其正确性和有效性.

A note on the Moore-Penrose inverse of a companion matrix

Let R be an associative ring with unity 1. The existence of the Moore-Penrose inverses of block matrices overR is investigated and the sufficient ad necessary conditions for such existence are obtained. Furthermore, the representation of the Moore-Penrose inverse of M=[0 A C B]is given under the condition of EBF - 0, where E - I - CCT and F - I -AfA. This result generalizes the representation of the Moore-Penrose inverse of the companion matrix M =[0 a In b]due to Pedro Patricio. As for applications, some examples are given to illustrate the obtained results.

RESEARCH ON THE COMPANION SOLUTION FOR A THIN PLATE IN THE MESHLESS LOCAL BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD

The meshless local boundary integral equation method is a currently developed numerical method, which combines the advantageous features of Galerkin finite element method(GFEM), boundary element method(BEM) and element free Galerkin method(EFGM), and is a truly meshless method possessing wide prospects in engineering applications. The companion solution and all the other formulas required in the meshless local boundary integral equation for a thin plate were presented, in order to make this method apply to solve the thin plate problem.

Experiences of women with the support they received from their birth companions during labour and delivery in Malawi

A study was conducted to describe the experiences of primiparous women with the support they received from their birth companions during labour and delivery in Malawi. The study design was descriptive and utilized qualitative data collection and analysis method on a sample of 20 primiparous women. The women were recruited from the postnatal ward of Bwaila hospital and were interviewed regarding their experiences on the support they received from their birth companions during labour and delivery using an open ended interview guide. Data was manually analyzed using content analysis. Primiparous women described the support they received from their birth companions as useful and beneficial. Birth companions provided advice, physical, emotional and spiritual support to the women during their labour and delivery. In addition, the birth companions were viewed as guardians of the women during labour and delivery. Results however, show that some women were not properly assisted by their companions because both the mothers and companions lacked knowledge on birth companionship. The results further show that birth companions play important roles during the birth and delivery of primiparous women and thereby improving birth outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to train the companions regarding support to a woman during labour and delivery. Primiparous women also need to be trained during antenatal care education so that they properly understand the roles of a birth companion as opposed to those of the midwives.

SciMed Ltd Companion Ⅲ颈颅多普勒综合故障检修一例

SciM ed Ltd Companion III二通道八深度颈颅多普勒检测仪（前身为EME公司产品）内部结构主要有三大部分组成。电源部分：主机电源部分,采用单相AC 220V输入,提供DC12V和DC5V直流电源输出;二次供电部分,主要为数据采集板提供电源。电脑部分：主要采用INTEL公司的迅驰移动式Inter Pen IV CPU,低功耗工业计算机专用主板,

Closed-form Solutions to the Matrix Equation AX-EXF=BY with F in Companion Form

A closed-form solution to the linear matrix equation AX-EXF = BY with X and Y unknown and matrix F being in a companion form is proposed, and two equivalent forms of this solution are also presented. The results provide great convenience to the computation and analysis of the solutions to this class of equations, and can perform important functions in many analysis and design problems in descriptor system theory. The results proposed here are parallel to and more general than our early work about the linear matrix equation AX-XF = BY .

Optimal Release Control of Companion Satellite System Using Electromagnetic Forces

Electromagnetic forces generated by the inter-action of component satellites can be used to release companion satellites. Optimal release trajectories for companion satellite system using inter-electromagnetic forces were investigated. Firstly,nonlinear relative motion dynamic equations of a two-craft electromagnetic companion satellite system were derived in spatial polar coordinates. Then principles of electromagnetic satellite formation flying were introduced. Secondly,the characteristics of the electromagnetic companion satellites release were analyzed and optimal release trajectories of companion satellites using electromagnetic forces were obtained using Gauss pseudospectral method. Three performance criteria were chosen as minimum time,minimum acceleration of the separation distance and minimum control acceleration. Finally,three release examples including expansion along separation distance, rotation in orbital plane and stable formation reconfiguration were given to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. Results indicated that the release trajectories can converge to optimal solutions effectively and the concept of release companion satellites using electromagnetic forces is practicable.

Recent clinical trials of cancer immunogene therapy in companion animals

This mini-review presents the results of veterinary clinical trials on immunogene therapy published from 2014 to 2016. A variety of tumors, among them melanoma(canine and equine), mastocytoma(canine), mammary adenocarcinoma(canine) and fibrosarcoma(feline) were treated by using diverse strategies. Non-viral vectors were usually employed to transfer genes of cytokines, suicide enzymes and/or tumor associated antigens. In general terms, minor or no adverse collateral effects were related to these procedures, and treated patients frequently improved their conditions(better quality of life, delayed or suppressed recurrence or metastatic spread, increased survival). Some of these new methodologies have a promising future if applied as adjuvant treatments of standard approaches. The auspicious results, derived from immunogene therapy studies carried out in companion animals, warrant their imperative usage in veterinary clinical oncology. Besides, they provide a strong preclinical basis(safety assays and proofs of concept) for analogous human clinical trials.

Families and Companion Animals in a Contemporary World： A Study of Bodies, Minds, and Emotions in Brazilian Cyberspace

The objective of this paper is to present the result of a research of images and messages addressed to pet owners, posted in news and advertising websites in Brazilian cyberspace in the period between 2005 and 2012. There are a wide variety of pet products and services, similar to those available to the human being and note that pet care industry address the posts to pet owners and the messages intend to motivate the emotions and feelings for the animals, in a sentimental anthropomorphism process. The marketing messages are similar to those of products shaped to induce a person to buy luxury products. Market social interaction is driven by both the human-animal bond and the pet care market campaigns advertisement. In many situations, people interact with pet as a person or a member of the family, as a unique and special living being. The authors conclude that in families which people and animal interacts, new meanings emerge from this contact.

Pets Are Our Best Companions

Paula Hagen-Peterson an American reader, asked us in a recent letter, ’’Pats are treated as family members in many countries. Can you tell me how dogs, cats, birds and horses are treated in China" Many readers have asked us this very question and so to satisfy their curiosity, China Today has asked several Chinese pet owners to talk about their relationships with their pets. Nowadays, Chinese not only like to raise traditional pets such as cats and dogs, but they also enjoy raising lizards end snaker.

Solar cells based on doubly concerted companion dyes with the efficiencies modulated by inserting an ethynyl group at different positions

To develop efficient sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs),we recently reported doubly concerted companion(DCC)dye XW83 with a wrapped porphyrin sub-dye unit linked to an organic sub-dye unit through a flexible chain,which exhibits panchromatic absorption and excellent anti-aggregation ability.To further improve the absorption,we herein report XW87 and XW88 by inserting an ethynyl group into the organic sub-dye unit of XW83 near the donor and acceptor,respectively.For the corresponding organic dyes Z3 and Z4,the introduced ethynyl group improves their absorption,but induces aggravated charge recombination,leading to lowered power conversion efficiencies(PCEs).Similar to the organic dyes,the introduced ethynyl group improves the absorption of DCC dyes XW87 and XW88 as well.In addition,the ethynyl group near the acceptor of the organic sub-dye unit can be well protected by the long wrapping chains from the porphyrin unit.As a result,XW88 affords the highest JSC(21.84 mA/cm^(2)),V_(OC)(782 mV)and PCE(12.2%)among the DCC dyes.These results provide an effective method for developing efficient DSSC dyes by inserting an ethynyl group at a suitable position of a DCC dye.

Low prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli from companion animals,China,2018-2021

China banned colistin as growth promoter for animals in the year of 2017.A decrease of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli(COREC)and mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli(MCRPEC)were observed in livestock(pigs and chickens)and humans after the ban policy.However,the prevalence of COREC among Chinese companion animals after the ban policy has not been investigated.Here,we recovered 771 E.coli isolates from the China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveil-lance Network for Pets(CARPet)surveillance system(19 provinces/municipalities)from 2018 to 2021.We identified 12 COREC from eight dogs and four cats,among which one feline and three canine isolates were MCRPEC.The prevalence of COREC and MCRPEC in pets from 2018-2021(1.1%-2.2%and 0.8%-1.1%)were lower than those from 2012-2016(7.1%-17.8%and 6.1%-14.3%).The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the four MCRPEC isolates displayed genetic diversity,while one canine isolate exhibited only 26 SNPs difference with one human MCRPEC isolate in the same city,suggesting the exchange of MCRPEC isolates between companion animals and humans.In three MCRPEC isolates,mcr-1 was located on an IncI2 plasmid,which exhibited 99.5%-99.9%nucleotide sequence identity with plasmid pHNSD133-MCR from E.coli of chicken origin.In the remaining MCRPEC,mcr-1 was chromosomally located flanked by intact ISApl1 elements forming a unit of ISApl1-mcr-1-pap2-ISApl1.Despite the low prevalence of COREC and MCRPEC observed in companion animals after the ban policy,the association of pet-derived MCRPEC and mcr-carrying plasmids with those from humans and farm animals suggest that annual surveillance of colistin resistance in bacteria of pet origin is essential.

香葱伴生番茄对青枯病及根际微生态特征的影响

【目的】为明确香葱伴生对番茄青枯病及根际微生态特征的影响,揭示香葱伴生番茄降低青枯病发病率的机理。【方法】通过田间试验设置番茄单作和香葱伴生番茄2个处理,分别采集单作发病番茄(QK)、单作健康番茄(NBS)和香葱伴生番茄(BS)的根际土壤,应用16S rDNA高通量测序和液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)技术,探究香葱伴生对番茄根际微生态特征的影响。【结果】田间试验结果表明,番茄单作处理和香葱伴生番茄处理的青枯病平均病株率分别为50.48、31.43%,香葱伴生番茄处理对番茄青枯病的防治效果为37.74%。16S rDNA高通量测序结果表明,BS、NBS根际土壤细菌群落相对丰度和多样性均显著高于QK;与QK相比,BS和NBS根际土壤细菌茄科雷尔氏菌属相对丰度显著降低,而芽孢杆菌属相对丰度升高;与NBS相比,BS根际土壤细菌茄科雷尔氏菌属相对丰度降低,芽孢杆菌属相对丰度显著提高。利用LC-MS技术共鉴定出番茄根际土壤代谢物586种,其中正离子模式代谢物320种,负离子模式代谢物266种,并将代谢物的功能注释至新陈代谢、遗传信息加工和环境信息加工等代谢通路;与NBS相比,BS根际土壤代谢物中的缬氨酸、L-天冬酰胺和柠檬酸的含量均显著降低,L-赖氨酸、谷氨酸、D-谷氨酰胺和异亮氨酸的含量也低于NBS,但差异未达到显著水平。【结论】香葱伴生番茄显著降低番茄青枯病田间发病率,改变了番茄根际土壤中细菌群落结构和番茄根际土壤代谢物含量。

《欧洲语言共同参考框架》(增补版)文本阅读能力体系的解读与重构

《欧洲语言共同参考框架:学习、教学、评估》自2001年发布以来,对世界范围内的语言教学产生了广泛而深刻的影响。2020年发布的增补版向使用者呈现了更适应当代语言教学的语言能力体系、语言能力等级和语言能力量表,其中提出的全新的文本阅读能力体系,对阅读学习、阅读教学与评估具有重要指导意义。文章对该版文本阅读相关内容进行了梳理和解读,通过分析其优点和不足,尝试将该文本阅读能力体系重构为由两种视角、八大参项、228项指标构成的三级评估体系。两种视角为文本内容视角和学习者能力视角,分别对应文本类型、话题类型、文本可读性、语言庄典度,和知识能力、策略能力、理解能力、熟练程度等八大参项,每个参项又可细化为若干具体指标,以期对阅读教学、学习以及阅读能力评估产生积极的引导作用。