The aim of this paper is to analyse the legal status of irregular migrants, both in Brazil and in Italy, from a comparative law perspective. Irregular migration has always been a sensitive issue in Italian politics an...The aim of this paper is to analyse the legal status of irregular migrants, both in Brazil and in Italy, from a comparative law perspective. Irregular migration has always been a sensitive issue in Italian politics and is going to be a core-issue in a time of economic crisis, while in Brazil the current wave of international migration is regarded as a new phenomenon, resulting from the recent economic growth. From a legal standpoint, this study provides an analysis of both national legal order and the jurisprudential trends issued by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights （IACtHR） and the European Court of Human Rights （ECtHR）, specifically underlining the judicial borrowing and interaction between the two courts.展开更多
China and some of its trade partners in Western Europe apply different legal regimes for international carriage of goods by railway -- respectively Agreement on International Railway Freight Transportation （SMGS） an...China and some of its trade partners in Western Europe apply different legal regimes for international carriage of goods by railway -- respectively Agreement on International Railway Freight Transportation （SMGS） and Uniform Rules Concerning the Contract of International Carriage of Goods by Rail （CIM）. For transportation of goods by railway between China and Western Europe both the CIM and the SMGS are often applicable. China＇s initiative ＂the Belt and Road＂ promotes development of railway transport in Eurasia and creates new incentives for comparative study between those two international legal systems. This article provides a brief historical outline of comparative studies between the CIM and SMGS. This article also purports to show that some similarities and differences between the two regimes might be better understood from the perspective of comparative legal history. Taking into account inter alia the common origin of the current versions of the CIM and SMGS in the 4th revision of the CIM of 1933, differences and similarities between two legal regimes have been analysed with regard to the following topics： the scope of application of the CIM and SMGS, the nature of the carrier＇s liability under the CIM and SMGS; exclusivity of the CIM, exclusivity of the contract of carriage under the SMGS, period of responsibility; persons for whom the carder is liable.展开更多
文摘The aim of this paper is to analyse the legal status of irregular migrants, both in Brazil and in Italy, from a comparative law perspective. Irregular migration has always been a sensitive issue in Italian politics and is going to be a core-issue in a time of economic crisis, while in Brazil the current wave of international migration is regarded as a new phenomenon, resulting from the recent economic growth. From a legal standpoint, this study provides an analysis of both national legal order and the jurisprudential trends issued by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights （IACtHR） and the European Court of Human Rights （ECtHR）, specifically underlining the judicial borrowing and interaction between the two courts.
文摘China and some of its trade partners in Western Europe apply different legal regimes for international carriage of goods by railway -- respectively Agreement on International Railway Freight Transportation （SMGS） and Uniform Rules Concerning the Contract of International Carriage of Goods by Rail （CIM）. For transportation of goods by railway between China and Western Europe both the CIM and the SMGS are often applicable. China＇s initiative ＂the Belt and Road＂ promotes development of railway transport in Eurasia and creates new incentives for comparative study between those two international legal systems. This article provides a brief historical outline of comparative studies between the CIM and SMGS. This article also purports to show that some similarities and differences between the two regimes might be better understood from the perspective of comparative legal history. Taking into account inter alia the common origin of the current versions of the CIM and SMGS in the 4th revision of the CIM of 1933, differences and similarities between two legal regimes have been analysed with regard to the following topics： the scope of application of the CIM and SMGS, the nature of the carrier＇s liability under the CIM and SMGS; exclusivity of the CIM, exclusivity of the contract of carriage under the SMGS, period of responsibility; persons for whom the carder is liable.
