HOW DO THE RATES OF HALOPHILIC ATTACKS COMPARE WITH THE RATES OF PROTOPHILIC ATTACKS?

The measured relative rates of halophilic and protophilic attacks (k_X/k_H) indicate that the rates of halophilic attacks are comparable in magnitude to those of protophilic attacks (deprotonations).

compare with与 compare to

compare with 与 compare to 在使用时,有其各自的不同点,也有共同点,现分述如下: 一、两者的不同点 1.一般说来compare with 作“把……和……比较”解:强调比较两者(同类、性质相同)的不同处,是衡量优劣的意思,列如: (1)If we compare the China of today with the China of yesterday.we see what a change we have effected.

The relationship between compartment models and their stochastic counterparts:A comparative study with examples of the COVID-19 epidemic modeling

Deterministic compartment models(CMs)and stochastic models,including stochastic CMs and agent-based models,are widely utilized in epidemic modeling.However,the relationship between CMs and their corresponding stochastic models is not well understood.The present study aimed to address this gap by conducting a comparative study using the susceptible,exposed,infectious,and recovered(SEIR)model and its extended CMs from the coronavirus disease 2019 modeling literature.We demonstrated the equivalence of the numerical solution of CMs using the Euler scheme and their stochastic counterparts through theoretical analysis and simulations.Based on this equivalence,we proposed an efficient model calibration method that could replicate the exact solution of CMs in the corresponding stochastic models through parameter adjustment.The advancement in calibration techniques enhanced the accuracy of stochastic modeling in capturing the dynamics of epidemics.However,it should be noted that discrete-time stochastic models cannot perfectly reproduce the exact solution of continuous-time CMs.Additionally,we proposed a new stochastic compartment and agent mixed model as an alternative to agent-based models for large-scale population simulations with a limited number of agents.This model offered a balance between computational efficiency and accuracy.The results of this research contributed to the comparison and unification of deterministic CMs and stochastic models in epidemic modeling.Furthermore,the results had implications for the development of hybrid models that integrated the strengths of both frameworks.Overall,the present study has provided valuable epidemic modeling techniques and their practical applications for understanding and controlling the spread of infectious diseases.

PCI compared with medical therapy in elderly patients with chronic symptomatic coronary artery disease

Objective The aim of this study was to assess quality of results of elderly patients with coronary disease after medical or revascularisation therapy. Methods In this study, we enrolled 103 patients aged 75 years or older with chronic angina in which 47 patients were assigned coronary angiography and revascularisation and 56 patients with optimised medical therapy. The primary endpoint was quality of life after 6 months, as assessed by questionnaire and the presence of major adverse cardiac events (death, non fatal myocardial infarction, or hospital admission for acute coronary syndrome with or without the need for revascularisation). Results After 6 months follow up, angina severity decreased and measures of quality of life increased in both treatment groups( P <0.05 ); however, these improvements were significantly greater after revascularisation( P <0.01 ). Major adverse cardiac events occurred in 30 ( 53.6% ) of patients in the medical group and 9 ( 19.1% ) in the invasive group ( P <0.01 ).Conclusions Patients aged 75 years or older with angina benefit more from revascularisation than from optimised medical therapy in terms of symptom relief and quality of life. Therefore, these patients should be offered invasive assessment despite their high risk profile followed by revascularisation if feasible.

Study of brain morphology change in Alzheimer’s disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment compared with normal controls

Background With an aggravated social ageing level, the number of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is gradually increasing, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered to be an early form of Alzheimer's disease. How to distinguish diseases in the early stage for the purposes of early diagnosis and treatment is an important topic. Aims The purpose of our study was to investigate the differences in brain cortical thickness and surface area among elderly patients with AD, elderly patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI) and normal controls (NC). Methods 20 AD patients, 21 aMCIs and 25 NC were recruited in the study. FreeSurfer software was used to calculate cortical thickness and surface area among groups. Results The patients with AD had less cortical thickness both in the left and right hemisphere in 17 of the 36 brain regions examined than the patients with aMCI or NC. The patients with AD also had smaller cerebral surface area both in the left and right hemisphere in 3 of the 36 brain regions examined than the patients with aMCI or NC. Compared with the NC, the patients with aMCI only had slight atrophy in the inferior parietal lobe of the left hemisphere, and no significant difference was found. Conclusion AD, as well as aMCI (to a lesser extent), is associated with reduced cortical thickness and surface area in a few brain regions associated with cognitive impairment. These results suggest that cortical thickness and surface area could be used for early detection of AD.

Genetic mapping and QTL analysis for body weight in Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var.Jian) compared with mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

We report the genetic linkage map of Jian carp(C yprinus carpio var. Jian). An F1 population comprising 94 Jian carp individuals was mapped using 254 microsatellite markers. The genetic map spanned 1 381.592 c M and comprised 44 linkage groups,with an average marker distance of 6.58 c M. We identified eight quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for body weight(BW) in seven linkage groups,explaining 12.6% to 17.3% of the phenotypic variance. Comparative mapping was performed between Jian carp and mirror carp( Cyprinus carpio L.),which both have 50 chromosomes. One hundred and ninety-eight Jian carp marker loci were found in common with the mirror carp map,with 186(93.94%) showing synteny. All 44 Jian carp linkage groups could be one-to-one aligned to the 44 mirror carp linkage groups,mostly sharing two or more common loci. Three QTLs for BW in Jian carp were conserved in mirror carp. QTL comparison suggested that the QTL confidence interval in mirror carp was more precise than the homologous interval in Jian carp,which was contained within the QTL interval in Jian carp. The syntenic relationship and consensus QTLs between the two varieties provide a foundation for genomic research and genetic breeding in common carp.

过敏原综合数据库COMPARE的介绍和应用

随着分子生物学和基因组、蛋白组学技术的高速发展,越来越多的过敏原蛋白得到鉴定。为了提高对过敏原的研究及其在食品安全上的应用,很多机构都建立了不同类型的过敏原数据库。本文详细介绍了由美国健康与环境科学研究所(Health and Environmental Sciences Institute,HESI)协调组织国际合作团队建立的一个过敏原综合数据库COMPARE (COMprehensive Protein Allergen REsource),该数据库通过高通量序列分选算法结合专家人工审核方法,从各个公共蛋白质数据库、其他过敏原数据库以及相关文献中筛选过敏原,每年更新一次。此外还开发了基于FASTA算法的序列比对工具COMPASS (COMPare Analysis of Sequences with Software),允许用户进行实时序列比对。该数据库已广泛应用于新过敏原蛋白的鉴定以及蛋白质潜在致敏性的评价,对于食品安全管理和保障有重要参考价值。本文通过对COMPARE数据库的全面介绍,旨在提高该数据库在我国的应用价值,推动过敏原分子生物信息学的研究以及食品安全的发展。

Structural characterization of four Rhododendron spp.chloroplast genomes and comparative analyses with other azaleas

Azalea is a general designation of Rhododendron in the Ericaceae family.Rhododendron not only has high ornamental value but also has application value in ecological protection,medicine,and scientific research.In this study,we used Illumina and PacBio sequencing to assemble and annotate the entire chloroplast genomes(cp genomes)of four Rhododendron species.The chloroplast genomes of R.concinnum,R.henanense subsp.lingbaoense,R.micranthum,and R.simsii were assembled into 207,236,208,015,207,233,and 206,912 bp,respectively.All chloroplast genomes contain eight rRNA genes,with either 88 or 89 protein-coding genes.The four cp genomes were compared and analyzed by bioinformatics,and the phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genomes of 26 species of Ericaceae,Actinidiaceae,and Primulaceae under Ericales was conducted.A comparison of the linear structure of cp genomes of four Rhododendron showed that there were substantial sequence similarities in coding regions,but high differences in non-coding regions.A phylogenetic analysis,based on chloroplast whole genome sequences,showed that all Rhododendron species are in the clade Ericaceae.This study provides valuable genetic information for the study of population genetics and evolutionary relationships in Rhododendron and other azalea species.

Efficacy and safety of single-bolus tenecteplase compared with front-loaded alteplase in Chinese patients with acute myocardial infarction

Following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI), early and complete epicardial reperfusion is associated with improved survival.……

Comparison Study and Forensic Analysis between Experiment and Coupled Dynamics Simulation for Submerged Floating Tunnel Segment with Free Ends under Wave Excitations

This paper presents dynamic-behavior comparisons and related forensic analyses of a submerged floating tunnel(SFT)between numerical simulation and physical experiment under regular and irregular waves.The experiments are conducted in the 3Dwave tank with 1:33.3 scale,and the corresponding coupled time-domain simulation tool is devised for comparison.The entire SFT systemconsists of a long concrete tunnel and 12 tubular aluminummooring lines.Two numerical simulation models,the Cummins equation with 3D potential theory including second-order wave-body interaction effects and the much simpler Morison-equation-based formula with the lumped-massbased line model,are designed and compared.Forensic analyses for mooring-line adjustments in the simulation are carried out in view of the best representation of the physical system.After that,the measured pre-tension distribution and systemstiffness of twelvemooring lines arewell reproduced in the numericalmodel.Subsequently,the dynamic responses and mooring tensions of the SFT are compared under regular and irregular waves.The measured and simulated results coincide reasonably well for both regular-and irregular-wave conditions.

Political Optimizer with Probabilistic Neural Network-Based Arabic Comparative Opinion Mining

Opinion Mining(OM)studies in Arabic are limited though it is one of the most extensively-spoken languages worldwide.Though the interest in OM studies in the Arabic language is growing among researchers,it needs a vast number of investigations due to the unique morphological principles of the language.Arabic OM studies experience multiple challenges owing to the poor existence of language sources and Arabic-specific linguistic features.The comparative OM studies in the English language are wide and novel.But,comparative OM studies in the Arabic language are yet to be established and are still in a nascent stage.The unique features of the Arabic language make it essential to expand the studies regarding the Arabic text.It contains unique featuressuchasdiacritics,elongation,inflectionandwordlength.Thecurrent study proposes a Political Optimizer with Probabilistic Neural Network-based Comparative Opinion Mining(POPNN-COM)model for the Arabic text.The proposed POPNN-COM model aims to recognize comparative and non-comparative texts in Arabic in the context of social media.Initially,the POPNN-COM model involves different levels of data pre-processing to transform the input data into a useful format.Then,the pre-processed data is fed into the PNN model for classification and recognition of the data under different class labels.At last,the PO algorithm is employed for fine-tuning the parameters involved in this model to achieve enhanced results.The proposed POPNN-COM model was experimentally validated using two standard datasets,and the outcomes established the promising performance of the proposed POPNN-COM method over other recent approaches.

Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Gastroduodenal Lesions in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comparative Study

Introduction: Gastroduodenal lesions are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). They are linked to various factors including Helicobacter pylori infection (H. pylori). Few data are available in Africa on H. pylori infection and chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of H. pylori infection and to describe the gastroduodenal lesions found in patients with chronic kidney disease. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, February 1st to May 31st, 2021, at the Douala General Hospital in Cameroon. We included patients with CKD classified as stages 3 to 5 according KDIGO classification, on hemodialysis or not, who agreed to participate in the study. They were matched with a “control” population including patients with normal renal function according to sex and age (ratio 1:2). Patients on antibiotics and/or proton pump inhibitors were excluded. We collected data from CKD patients and from medical records for non-CKD group. Each patient underwent an upper digestive endoscopy and identification of H. pylori using a urease rapid test. Logistic regression was used to identify independent associations for a significance level set at p Results: We included 99 patients including 33 with CKD and 66 control patients. Among patients with CKD, the predominance was male (n = 18/33 or 54.5%). The mean age was 51.2 ± 12.8 years. Arterial hypertension was the first etiology of CKD (n = 13 or 39.4%). The prevalence of H. pylori in patients with CKD was 63.6% versus 37.9% in control patients (p-value = 0.015). The main endoscopic lesions were erosive gastropathy (n = 14 or 42.4%) and erythematous gastropathy (n = 7 or 21.2%). Patients with CKD were 5 times more likely to have H. pylori infection (OR = 5.69;CI 95% 0.14 - 0.82;p = 0.017). Factors associated with H. pylori infection were chronic kidney disease (aOR = 1.02;CI 95% 0.14 - 0.82;p = 0.017) and hemodialysis (aOR = 10;CI 95% 1.08 - 91.9;p = 0.042). Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection is higher in patients with CKD. Endoscopic lesions are inflammatory. Factors associated with H. pylori infection are chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis.

Comparative genomic analysis of Lactobacillus crispatus strains Lc31 and Lc83 with anti-cervical cancer potential by complete genome sequencing

Lactobacillus crispatus is a commonly found species in the urogenital tract(UGT)of healthy females and can also colonize other niches,such as the gastrointestinal tract(GIT).Although its potential protective role in cervical cancer has been reported,the anticancer mechanisms involved are still unclear.In this study,we sequenced and characterized the complete genomes of two L.crispatus strains(Lc31 and Lc83)isolated from the UGT of healthy women of reproductive age.Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses of these two strains and 15 other L.crispatus strains with complete genome sequences revealed that strains from the UGT and GIT clustered separately.UGT strains had a larger genome size,higher GC contents,and more protein-coding sequences and insertion sequence(Is)elements,indicating the likelihood of active horizontal gene transfer in this niche.We found a universal presence of genes encoding bacteriocins and the absence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in UGT strains,suggesting the potential of L.crispatus as a urogenital probiotic.Comparative genomic analysis identified an ula gene cluster responsible for L-ascorbate catabolism exclusively in UGT strains,and carbohydrate fermentation experiments confirmed that this substrate supported the growth of L.crispatus Lc31 and Lc83.Our findings improve the understanding of how the genome determines niche adaptation by L.crispatus,providing a foundation for investigating the mechanisms by which urogenital-derived L.crispatus promotes female health.

A Comparative Study on Verb-Noun Collocation Errors of Chinese EFL Learners with Different Language Proficiency

This study presents a comparative analysis of verb-noun collocation errors made by Chinese EFL learners with different language proficiency.Linguistic data from two sub-corpora of CLEC(Chinese Learner English Corpus,Gui&Yang,1999)consist of the compositions written freely by Chinese senior high school students(ST2)and the 3rd-and 4th-year English majors of Chinese universities(ST6).The study results show that four types of verb-noun collocation errors are frequently made due to incorrect L1 translation,misuse of relative synonyms,misuse of delexical verbs,and misuse of part of speech;the number of errors decreases with the development of language proficiency,especially errors by incorrect L1 translation and relative synonyms.And for both ST2 and ST6 EFL learners,errors resulted from incorrect L1 translation account for nearly a half with the same high-frequency words.It is also found that ST6 learners’competence in collocation and synonym identification doesn’t grow with the increase of their vocabulary,as is shown in the case of overusing delexical verbs in collocation,the same error made by ST2 learners,who have a significantly weaker command of delexical verbs.Implications of the findings are also discussed with the purpose of raising the awareness of collocation pedagogy and enhancing EFL learners’collocation competence.

Vocational Education from a Cross-national Perspective:Comparative Analysis of China,Germany,and the United States,with a Case Study of Zhaixing

This study delves into the current state and challenges of vocational education through a comparative study of cross-national vocational education and an analysis of the Zhaixing Academy case.The research reveals that vocational education reform can draw on the experiences of the German dual system,American community colleges,and Chinese vocational education reforms,with a focus on informal education pathways,practice-oriented teaching,and flexible training methods.The Zhaixing Academy case demonstrates the application of practice-oriented teaching approaches in the field of vocational education,emphasizing individual student development needs and the advantages of education outside formal institutions,offering new insights and references for the current Chinese education system.The study proposes that governments and education departments should increase investment in vocational education,encourage collaboration between enterprises and vocational education institutions,and support innovative practice-oriented education.In the future,Zhaixing Academy can continue to focus on education reform,expand the realm of practice-oriented education,promote its educational philosophy and methods,and contribute to the diversification and sustainable development of education.

A CMOS Dynamic Comparator for Pipelined ADCs with Improved Speed/Power Ratio

This paper presents a fully-differential CMOS dynamic comparator for use in high-speed pipelined ADCs with low stage resolution. Because the architecture is based on the coupled current sources and differential input pairs, this comparator＇s threshold voltage can be adjusted to a desired level. Compared with traditional comparators, this one shows significant improvement in area,power,and speed. Fabricated in 0.35μm CMOS technology,it occupies only 30μm × 70μm. Simulation and measurement results indicate the comparator has a sampling frequency up to 1GHz with 2Vpp differential input signal range and only 181μW power consumption under a 3.3V supply. The speed/power ratio reaches up to 5524GS/J.

Comparative transcriptome analysis between rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta) and crab-eating macaques(M. fascicularis)

Understanding gene expression variations between species is pivotal for deciphering the evolutionary diversity in phenotypes. Rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta, MMU)and crab-eating macaques(M. fascicularis, MFA) serve as crucial nonhuman primate biomedical models with different phenotypes. To date, however, large-scale comparative transcriptome research between these two species has not yet been fully explored. Here, we conducted systematic comparisons utilizing newly sequenced RNA-seq data from84 samples(41 MFA samples and 43 MMU samples)encompassing 14 common tissues. Our findings revealed a small fraction of genes(3.7%) with differential expression between the two species, as well as 36.5% of genes with tissue-specific expression in both macaques. Comparison of gene expression between macaques and humans indicated that 22.6% of orthologous genes displayed differential expression in at least two tissues. Moreover,19.41% of genes that overlapped with macaque-specific structural variants showed differential expression between humans and macaques. Of these, the FAM220A gene exhibited elevated expression in humans compared to macaques due to lineage-specific duplication. In summary,this study presents a large-scale transcriptomic comparison between MMU and MFA and between macaques and humans. The discovery of gene expression variations not only enhances the biomedical utility of macaque models but also contributes to the wider field of primate genomics.

超声辅助与纤维支气管镜辅助经皮扩张气管切开术的对比研究

目的探讨超声辅助经皮扩张气管切开术的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2020年12月~2022年12月在甘肃省人民医院重症医学科行经皮扩张气管切开术患者56例,均经口气管插管后呼吸机辅助呼吸,根据不同的辅助方式分为超声辅助(超声组)31例和纤维支气管镜辅助(纤维支气管镜组)25例。结果与纤维支气管镜组比较,超声组术中氧合指数(PaO_(2)/FiO_(2))增高[(157.3±19.2)mmHg vs.(145.4±22.8)mmHg,t=2.117,P=0.039],分钟通气(MV)量增高[(7.3±0.8)L/min vs.(6.1±0.7)L/min,t=5.278,P<0.001],动脉血二氧化碳分压(PCO_(2))降低[(39.1±4.8)mmHgvs.(44.3±5.6)mmHg,t=-3.709,P<0.001],术后出血例数减少[0例vs.4例,χ^(2)=5.246,P=0.022]。结论超声组较纤维支气管镜组行经皮扩张气管切开术手术并发症少,安全性高。

低温等离子射频消融联合下鼻甲骨折外移术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的疗效观察

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者接受低温等离子射频消融联合下鼻甲骨折外移术后睡眠及经鼻持续气道正压通气(nasal continuous positive airway pressure,nCPAP)治疗耐受性的改善情况。方法选择40例OSAHS合并双侧下鼻甲肥大的患者作为研究对象,均在局麻下接受下鼻甲低温等离子射频消融联合骨折外移术。术前及术后2周分别采用多导睡眠监测(PSG)、鼻阻力仪、autoCPAP呼吸机及视觉模拟量表(VAS)测定睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(lowest oxygen saturation,LSaO_(2))、鼻气道阻力及nCPAP治疗耐受性。结果与术前比较,术后2周时患者AHI降低至(35.17±9.72)次/h,LSaO_(2)提高至(83.21±6.58)%,鼻气道阻力降低至(0.55±0.09)kPa·s/cm^(3),VAS评分升高至8.32±1.17,差异比较均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论低温等离子射频消融联合下鼻甲骨折外移术能有效降低OSAHS患者的鼻阻力,提高nCPAP治疗的耐受性,改善OSAHS患者的睡眠情况。

Rice-wheat comparative genomics:Gains and gaps

Rice and wheat provide nearly 40%of human calorie and protein requirements.They share a common ancestor and belong to the Poaceae(grass)family.Characterizing their genetic homology is crucial for developing new cultivars with enhanced traits.Several wheat genes and gene families have been characterized based on their rice orthologs.Rice–wheat orthology can identify genetic regions that regulate similar traits in both crops.Rice–wheat comparative genomics can identify candidate wheat genes in a genomic region identified by association or QTL mapping,deduce their putative functions and biochemical pathways,and develop molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding.A knowledge of gene homology facilitates the transfer between crops of genes or genomic regions associated with desirable traits by genetic engineering,gene editing,or wide crossing.