Comparison and Selection of Water Restoration Techniques for Artificial Landscape Lakes in Nantong City

As an important part of urban infrastructure,urban water system is of great and far-reaching significance for ensuring urban flood control and waterlogging safety,protecting ecological environment and building livable homes.Taking the urban water system of Nantong as an example,Nantong Water Resources Bureau issued R evision of Nantong Urban Water System Planning in 2017,and put forward the construction of the"two circles,eight lakes and nine veins"water system layout,giving new vitality to the urban water system.In view of problems existing in newly excavated artificial landscape lakes,such as fragile water ecosystem,strong eutrophication trend,poor environmental sensory effect and unsatisfactory water landscape effect,it is urgent to study the in-situ water ecological restoration technique of"algae-controlling zooplankton+submerged plant community"to build a"grass-type clear water"ecosystem for artificial landscape lakes,so as to improve the water sensory index and self-purification ability and finally realize the double improvement of"sensory effect and water quality"of artificial landscape lakes.

Comparison, Selection and Progeny Test of Natural Populations of White Birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) in Northern China

[Objectives]This study was conducted to rationally and effectively use natural genetic resources of white birch(Betula platyphylla Suk.),and improve the scientific and technological content of improved varieties.[Methods]With the progeny of the white birch populations naturally distributed in northern China as objects,based on genetic effect analysis and comprehensive evaluation,the genetic variation,heritability and genetic gain of the growth characters in the progeny forest were systematically analyzed,by which populations or individuals with good growth vigor and strong stress resistance and adaptability were finally selected.[Results]There were extremely significant differences in the growth characters between the natural populations of white birch in northern China.The variation was the smallest in tree height,followed by crown width,and largest in DBH,and the average coefficients of variation were 20.56%,32.25%and 33.00%,respectively.The differences in characters between progeny of the same population were also extremely significant.The growth characters of white birch were more controlled by genes,and the genetic gains were larger.The heritability of tree height,DBH and crown width was 0.971,0.816 and 0.576,respectively,and the genetic gains were 15.97%,21.54%and 13.87%,respectively.[Conclusions]With the growth characters as the main evaluation indexes,taking various influencing factors into account,the Shanxi[SX]population,Hebei[HB]population and Liaoning[LN]population were selected to be excellent populations,and LN305,SX516 and HB403 were excellent individuals,which are advised to be widely used in multi-generation genetic improvement breeding.

Comparison of Parallel Kinematic Machines with Three Translational Degrees of Freedom and Linear Actuation

The development of new robot structures, in particular of parallel kinematic machines（PKM）, is widely systematized by different structure synthesis methods. Recent research increasingly focuses on PKM with less than six degrees of freedom（DOF）. However, an overall comparison and evaluation of these structures is missing. In order to compare symmetrical PKM with three translational DOF, different evaluation criteria are used. Workspace, maximum actuation forces and velocities, power, actuator stiffness, accuracy and transmission behavior are taken into account to investigate strengths and weaknesses of the PKMs. A selection scheme based on possible configurations of translational PKM including different frame configurations is presented. Moreover, an optimization method based on a genetic algorithm is described to determine the geometric parameters of the selected PKM for an exemplary load case and a prescribed workspace. The values of the mentioned criteria are determined for all considered PKM with respect to certain boundary conditions. The distribution and spreading of these values within the prescribed workspace is presented by using box plots for each criterion. Thereby, the performance characteristics of the different structures can be compared directly. The results show that there is no ＂best＂ PKM. Further inquiries such as dynamic or stiffness analysis are necessary to extend the comparison and to finally select a PKM.

Performance Comparison of Two Efficient Genomic Selection Methods(gsbay & MixP ) Applied in Aquacultural Organisms

Genomic selection is more and more popular in animal and plant breeding industries all around the world, as it can be applied early in life without impacting selection candidates. The objective of this study was to bring the advantages of genomic selection to scallop breeding. Two different genomic selection tools Mix P and gsbay were applied on genomic evaluation of simulated data and Zhikong scallop(Chlamys farreri) field data. The data were compared with genomic best linear unbiased prediction(GBLUP) method which has been applied widely. Our results showed that both Mix P and gsbay could accurately estimate single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) marker effects, and thereby could be applied for the analysis of genomic estimated breeding values(GEBV). In simulated data from different scenarios, the accuracy of GEBV acquired was ranged from 0.20 to 0.78 by Mix P; it was ranged from 0.21 to 0.67 by gsbay; and it was ranged from 0.21 to 0.61 by GBLUP. Estimations made by Mix P and gsbay were expected to be more reliable than those estimated by GBLUP. Predictions made by gsbay were more robust, while with Mix P the computation is much faster, especially in dealing with large-scale data. These results suggested that both algorithms implemented by Mix P and gsbay are feasible to carry out genomic selection in scallop breeding, and more genotype data will be necessary to produce genomic estimated breeding values with a higher accuracy for the industry.

Analysis and Research on Interchange and Expansion options of Expressway

China's road network consists of numerous older expressways experiencing high traffic volumes and severe congestion,necessitating urgent reconstruction and expansion efforts.This study discusses the reconstruction and expansion project of the Yinkun Expressway's Chongqing High-tech Zone to Rongchang District section,with a detailed exploration of the entire design process.Through a comprehensive analysis,the strengths and weaknesses of different plans are examined,so as to determine the optimal plan.The design chosen saves costs while effectively addressing traffic demands.Additionally,the study summarizes the valuable design insights gained from this interchange transformation,aiming to provide valuable reference for similar interchange projects in the future.

Comparison of capacities at road intersections

In order to research the capacity differences of road intersections,this paper analyzed the influence factors and calculation models of various types of capacity at intersections and then obtained simplified models through reasonable assumption. 2 /2,4 /2,4 /4 intersections at which saturation and forecasted traffic volume were given were taken as examples,and an appropriate type was selected through capacity comparison. This paper can give a predictive estimation of the intersection capacity and provides theoretical data for the type selection of intersections.

跨海桥梁基础波浪力断面对比与研究

桥梁基础在波浪环境下的施工安全关乎桥梁建设的稳定性,需要给予足够的重视。利用数值模拟手段,基于改进的RNG κ-ε模型,采用VOF法模拟自由液面,在保持相同迎浪断面的情况下,建立圆形、圆端形、矩形和多边形4种不同断面形式桥梁基础受波浪作用的三维数值模型,对比其受力差异,并结合流场数据加以分析。结果表明:相同波浪条件下4种不同断面形式的结构所受到水平波浪力中以圆形结构为最小,矩形结构为最大,其总水平波浪力幅值较圆形结构增大10%左右;桥梁基础结构在波浪的作用下,基础周围会受到绕流作用,使得结构部分位置处的流速增大并出现流速集中现象,在矩形结构周围这一现象最为突出,多边形结构的情况与之类似,而圆形及圆端形结构的流速集中现象则相对较弱;按规范计算得到的等效圆柱波浪力相较于数值模拟结果大23%~29%,按等效方柱计算得到的波浪力相较于数值模拟结果大10%~13%。从工程设计的角度看,采用圆弧形的结构设计有助于减小波浪荷载和削弱桥梁基础局部的流速增大与流速集中现象。

基于遗传算法的溶洞智慧处治决策方法

为了应对多因素影响导致溶洞处理方案决策困难的问题,提出以价值工程为依据的智慧处治决策方法,综合考虑处理方案适应性和施工成本2个评价目标,并基于遗传算法构建多方案最优决策模型。结果表明:在决策过程方面,该决策模型在兼顾决策精度的同时具有较好的收敛性和收敛速度,简化决策过程,节省决策时间;在决策结果方面,相较于方案适应度单目标决策结果,该决策方法通过价值优化,将方案的适应度降低9.05,使得施工成本节省937064.71元,最终方案价值指数提升2.76。与方案成本单目标决策结果相比,该决策方法仅通过增加成本38215.78元,将方案适应度提升3.35,最终方案价值指数提升0.2,其优化成效在一定程度上解决了溶洞处理过程中成本浪费或者处理方案功能过剩的问题。

高边坡下方管廊基坑支护设计方案比选

人工填土高边坡的坡体稳定性差,因其土体未经压实,开挖极易引起坍塌,对周边建(构)筑物的基坑开挖产生严重的安全隐患。根据人工填土高边坡下南宁凤岭管廊基坑开挖的工程地质条件,分析了基坑设计的难点。对钻孔灌注桩、SMW工法桩、钢板桩3种管廊基坑常用的支护形式进行了对比,在综合考虑整体刚度和强度、基坑安全性、费用、施工速度等因素后,最终确定采用具有降低施工成本、可对施工材料重复利用、地下空间资源污染低的SMW工法桩作为该基坑的最佳支护方案。此方案可对今后类似工程的设计施工提供借鉴和参考。

滇西北高山松根径与胸径相关性模型比选研究

在滇西北调查高山松样木总株数862株,有效样木824株,系统抽取建模样木618株,检验样木206株。选用10种一元线性或非线性回归方程,拟合各胸径D与根径DR模型参数,并进行了适用性检验。结果表明,模型D=-2.710599+0.938673DR-0.000911DR^(2),离差平方和(SSR)值相对较小、总相对误差(RS)为0、相关系数(R^(2))0.987、预估精度99.44%,残差图以横轴为中心分布最为均匀随机,模型参数变动系数最大值为32.3%,说明模型稳定。检验样本实测值和估计值没有显著差异,该模型最优。

开州湖特大桥主塔位置研究

基于贵州瓮安至开阳高速公路开州湖特大桥主塔位置研究实例,提出主塔位置选择是一个系统工程,应从地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、不良地质、岸坡稳定性分析、不同主塔位置所带来的治理难度、环保等因素出发,进行多个主塔位置比选,选择技术可靠、投资最优、长期稳定的主塔位置。研究表明:瓮安岸K35+525、开阳岸K36+625适合设置主塔,为最优方案。为复杂艰险山区公路桥梁主塔选址工作提供借鉴。

炭素煅烧烟道内衬选型分析

随着近年来煅烧烟道内衬多种新型耐火和保温材料的成功研发应用,煅烧烟气余热利用向着更加高效节能、轻型化、施工简便、长寿命、低成本的方向发展。本文对比分析炭素行业各种煅烧烟道内衬材料种类、结构和参数。根据不同的施工条件和生产需求,列出了烟道内衬材料选择的依据和结论,为工程设计和施工企业的技术人员提供了重要的参考和设计依据。

天津市滨海新区白水头堤段海堤堤型比选设计

天津市滨海新区位于渤海湾西岸,海岸线北起津冀交界涧河口,南至沧浪渠入海口。由于沿海区域地势平坦,历史上曾多次受到风暴潮侵袭,造成不同程度经济损失。现状海堤防潮设计标准为20~50 a一遇潮位组合7级风,经过多年运行大多数堤段发生不同程度沉降,不满足原防潮设计标准,距规划防潮标准100~200 a一遇潮位组合50~100 a风浪差距较大,海堤提标建设工作亟待开展。主要阐述滨海新区白水头堤段不同型式的海堤在工程中的比选及设计应用。

盐宜铁路油气田区域选线方法研究

盐泰锡常宜铁路北起盐城,经泰州、无锡、常州,南止于宜兴。该线路是策应“交通强国”国家战略,推进长三角城市群区域一体化发展的需要。本文以线路走向中油田为切入点,利用数值仿真方法建立了油气开采沉降模型、爆炸波伤害效应模型和爆炸火球伤害效应模型,结果表明:(1)研究区最大沉降量为2.9 mm;盐城1号井喷时发生爆炸的安全距离为119 m;发生火灾时安全距离为141 m;(2)结合相关规范,综合得出拟建高速铁路与油气井最小安全距离不小于150 m;(3)对盐城至泰州段线路走向方案进行选线研究,将整体线路走向及卤汀河局部方案进行比选,综合确定了科学、经济、合理的线路方案,满足了铁路设计的总体目标。

港口铁路散货作业线铺面结构适用性分析

对于港口铁路散货作业线,装卸作业过程中如货物撒落会污染道床,造成钢轨、扣件加速老化,信号不畅,影响生产安全及效率,同时难以清扫的货物造成货损。在港口铁路散货装卸线上设铺面能够使上述问题得到缓解改善。本文分析几种铺面结构的特点、比较其优缺点,以天津港某铁路散货装卸线铺面改造工程为例,对铺面结构进行技术经济比选,在不同路段进行不同结构的铺设,实施效果达到预期。对类似工程的应用有参考作用。

南宁五化灌区马兰渡槽设计方案变更分析

根据全国最新“三区三线”划定成果,对原南宁市五化灌区马兰渡槽设计方案进行了变更。通过将原马兰渡槽设计方案与最新“三区三线”划定成果进行比较,提出了原址倒虹吸、原址渡槽两个设计变更方案。随后,从工程占地、地质条件、结构布置、施工运维等方面分析了各设计变更方案的优缺点,综合比选确定原址倒虹吸方案为最优设计方案。

龙云灌区新建水源工程正常蓄水位方案比选

水库正常蓄水位方案比选是确定水库规模的一个重要环节,关系到工程实施的经济性和可行性。本文以广西玉林市龙云灌区工程为例,研究提出了串联水库正常蓄水位方案比选的原则和方法,得出了经济合理的正常蓄水位成果。

长距离输水管道工程超大跨径托管桥方案比选研究

输水管道跨越沟渠、河道、山谷常采用桁架跨越、拱桥跨越、悬索跨越、斜拉索跨越等形式,但各种跨越形式均存在一定的问题。文章介绍准东供水工程长距离输水管道跨越渠道采用变截面连续钢箱梁桥,最大单跨跨径150m,为国内规模最大的同类型托管结构,其设计荷载为1.8m直径有压输水管,每延米水管及满管水重与3车道汽车满载相近。通过对悬索桥、拱桥、混凝土连续梁桥及变截面连续钢箱梁桥四种桥型从施工工期、经济性、抗震性能及抗风性能等多方面进行综合分析,最终选择了受冬期影响最小(施工期最短)且造价最低的80m+150m+80m变截面连续钢箱梁桥方案。输水管桥具有大跨径、窄桥面、风荷载大等特点,文中介绍的设计理念、计算方法、施工方案,可为类似工程提供借鉴。

基于IT2F-BWM-MABAC方法的应急物流设施选址方案评价

针对不确定环境下应急物流设施选址方案评价问题,提出一种基于区间二型模糊集(IT2F)-最优最劣法(BWM)-多属性边界近似区域比较法(MABAC)的应急物流设施选址方案评价方法。首先,针对应急物流设施选址方案评价过程中评价信息的模糊不确定性问题,采用IT2F处理,并利用MABAC对选址方案排序;然后,针对传统的MABAC中属性权重需要从外部获得的问题,采用基于IT2F的BWM确定属性的权重;最后,将所提方法应用于某城市应急物流设施选址方案评价研究,并验证所提选址方法的可行性和有效性。结果表明:所提方法能够解决不确定环境下应急物流设施选址问题,同时能够保证方案评价的质量。