Explanatory models of co-morbid traits related to dental anxiety (DA) as described in the literature were tested and relative strengths analyzed in two groups of Danish adults, one with psychiatric diagnoses (n = 108)...Explanatory models of co-morbid traits related to dental anxiety (DA) as described in the literature were tested and relative strengths analyzed in two groups of Danish adults, one with psychiatric diagnoses (n = 108) and the other healthy incoming patients at a large dental school teaching clinic (n = 151). Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and self-report measures representing three co-morbidity explanatory models, 1) presence of other fears;2) anxiety sensitivity and 3) feelings of vulnerability specific to dental treatment, were collected in subscales of a 53-item questionnaire. Other items identified gender, age, education, income, avoidance behavior and dental symptoms. Frequency, chi-square, odds ratio and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: All individuals with high DA (DAS > 13) regardless of group, demonstrated significant differences in avoidance of treatment (>2 yr.) versus lower or no anxiety. Patients with psychiatric diagnoses were three times more likely to have high DA and nearly two times more likely to have avoided dental treatment >2 yr.;25.9% reported extreme DA, compared to 9.3% of controls. Models of high general fear levels, predisposing anxiety sensitivity and vulnerability all demonstrated significant and strong association with intensity of dental anxiety in bivariate analyses. Feelings of vulnerability were the strongest predictor of DAS high anxiety, according to logistic regression analyses. Conclusion: Co-morbidity explanatory models as represented in present trait measures appear not to be competitive, but rather explain different aspects of a vulnerability model in high dental anxiety. Higher incidence of DA and treatment avoidance in psychiatric patients requires special attention.展开更多
The formation of revolutionary coalition is the key to the success of colour revolutions.However,the regime overthrown by the coalition is always followed by the dissolution of such revolutionary coalition,and some me...The formation of revolutionary coalition is the key to the success of colour revolutions.However,the regime overthrown by the coalition is always followed by the dissolution of such revolutionary coalition,and some members of the coalition will provoke violent internecine.The article addresses the root cause of the violent rupture of revolutionary coalition after the colour revolution.The authors argue that the revolutionary coalition collapses because some members decide to borrow arms to defeat their competitors in the coalition.Since the only member possessing such violent tools in the colour revolutions tend to be the military of former regime who sides with revolutionary movement,it is the unbalanced relationship between the military and political members in the coalition that will lead to the rupture of the coalition.When there is a balanced relationship between the two parties,the military will remain neutral among different political members when facing the political competition,and such coalition can avoid the violent rupture.While the relationship is unbalanced,the military will be intertwined in the political competition,leading to the rupture.The article adopts an innovative research method of semi-negative comparison to study two cases of Egypt and Tunisia from Arab Spring.展开更多
文摘Explanatory models of co-morbid traits related to dental anxiety (DA) as described in the literature were tested and relative strengths analyzed in two groups of Danish adults, one with psychiatric diagnoses (n = 108) and the other healthy incoming patients at a large dental school teaching clinic (n = 151). Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and self-report measures representing three co-morbidity explanatory models, 1) presence of other fears;2) anxiety sensitivity and 3) feelings of vulnerability specific to dental treatment, were collected in subscales of a 53-item questionnaire. Other items identified gender, age, education, income, avoidance behavior and dental symptoms. Frequency, chi-square, odds ratio and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: All individuals with high DA (DAS > 13) regardless of group, demonstrated significant differences in avoidance of treatment (>2 yr.) versus lower or no anxiety. Patients with psychiatric diagnoses were three times more likely to have high DA and nearly two times more likely to have avoided dental treatment >2 yr.;25.9% reported extreme DA, compared to 9.3% of controls. Models of high general fear levels, predisposing anxiety sensitivity and vulnerability all demonstrated significant and strong association with intensity of dental anxiety in bivariate analyses. Feelings of vulnerability were the strongest predictor of DAS high anxiety, according to logistic regression analyses. Conclusion: Co-morbidity explanatory models as represented in present trait measures appear not to be competitive, but rather explain different aspects of a vulnerability model in high dental anxiety. Higher incidence of DA and treatment avoidance in psychiatric patients requires special attention.
文摘The formation of revolutionary coalition is the key to the success of colour revolutions.However,the regime overthrown by the coalition is always followed by the dissolution of such revolutionary coalition,and some members of the coalition will provoke violent internecine.The article addresses the root cause of the violent rupture of revolutionary coalition after the colour revolution.The authors argue that the revolutionary coalition collapses because some members decide to borrow arms to defeat their competitors in the coalition.Since the only member possessing such violent tools in the colour revolutions tend to be the military of former regime who sides with revolutionary movement,it is the unbalanced relationship between the military and political members in the coalition that will lead to the rupture of the coalition.When there is a balanced relationship between the two parties,the military will remain neutral among different political members when facing the political competition,and such coalition can avoid the violent rupture.While the relationship is unbalanced,the military will be intertwined in the political competition,leading to the rupture.The article adopts an innovative research method of semi-negative comparison to study two cases of Egypt and Tunisia from Arab Spring.
