Comparison of the City Water Consumption Short-Term Forecasting Methods

There are a lot of methods in city water consumption short-term forecasting both inside and outside the country. But among these methods there exist many advantages and shortcomings in model establishing, solving and predicting accuracy, speed, applicability. This article draws lessons from other realm mature methods after many years′ study. It′s systematically studied and compared to predict the water consumption in accuracy, speed, effect and applicability among the time series triangle function method, artificial neural network method, gray system theories method, wavelet analytical method.

Methods Comparison for Microsatellite Marker Development:Different Isolation Methods,Different Yield Efficiency

Microsatellite markers have become one kind of the most important molecular tools used in various researches. A large number of microsatellite markers are required for the whole genome survey in the fields of molecular ecology,quantitative genetics and genomics. Therefore,it is extremely necessary to select several versatile,low-cost,efficient and time-and labor-saving methods to develop a large panel of microsatellite markers. In this study,we used Zhikong scallop(Chlamys farreri) as the target species to compare the efficiency of the five methods derived from three strategies for microsatellite marker development. The results showed that the strategy of constructing small insert genomic DNA library resulted in poor efficiency,while the microsatellite-enriched strategy highly improved the isolation efficiency. Although the mining public database strategy is time-and cost-saving,it is difficult to obtain a large number of microsatellite markers,mainly due to the limited sequence data of non-model species deposited in public databases. Based on the results in this study,we recommend two methods,microsatellite-enriched library construction method and FIASCO-colony hybridization method,for large-scale microsatellite marker development. Both methods were derived from the microsatellite-enriched strategy. The experimental results obtained from Zhikong scallop also provide the reference for microsatellite marker development in other species with large genomes.

Comparison of Three Methods in Extracting Coherent Modes from a Doppler Backscatter System

We compare three different methods to extract coherent modes from Doppler backscattering （DBS）, which are center of gravity （COG） of the complex amplitude spectrum, spectrum of DBS phase derivative （phase derivative method）, and phase spectrum, respectively. These three methods are all feasible to extract coherent modes, for example, geodesic acoustic mode oscillation. However, there are stilI differences between dealing with high frequency modes （several hundred kHz） and low frequency modes, （several kHz） hiding in DBS signal. There is a significant amount of power at low frequencies in the phase spectrum, which can be removed by using the phase derivative method and COG. High frequency modes are clearer by using the COO and the phase derivative method than the phase spectrum. The spectrum of DBS amplitude does not show the coherent modes detected by using COG, phase derivative method and phase spectrum. When two Doppler shifted peaks exist, coherent modes and their harmonics appear in the spectrum of DBS amplitude, which are introduced by the DBS phase.

Comparison between Two Kinds of Methods of Locating Acupoints

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Comparison of four methods of DNA extraction from rice

Polyphenols,teroens,and resinsmake it difficult to obtain high qualitygenomic DNA from rice.Four ex-traction methods were compared inour study,and CTAB precipitationwas the most practical one.Materials used were old leavesfrom Ftransgenic rice in Hainan andfresh leaves from Ftransgenic rice inKunming.Procedures of the four methodswere as follows:1.Basical method:powder 1 gold or new leaves→added 2 ml ex-traction solution(100 mmol/L

Comparison of methods for identification of cold tolerance of rice

Under low temperature stress,theplasmamembrane and chloroplast of plant cellsare impaired,resulting in electrolyte leakage and al-teration of chlorophyll fluorescence which can bemeasured with conductometer and fluoremeter.The cold tolerance of excised leaves of several ricevarieties were determined with these two instru-ments at seedling and heading stages to compare

Determination of focal depth by two waveform-based methods:A case study for the 2008 Panzhihua earthquake

With the 2008 Ms6.1 Panzhihua earthquake as a case study, we demonstrate that the focal depth of the main shock can be well constrained with two approaches： （1） using the depth phase sPL and （2） using full waveform inversion of local and teleseismic data. We also show that focal depths can be well constrained using the depth phase sPL with single broadband seismic station. Our study indicates that the main shock is located at a depth of ii kin, much shallower than those from other studies, confirming that the earthquake occurs in upper crust. Aftershocks are located in the depth range of 11 16 kin, which is consistent with a ruptured near vertical fault whose width is about 10 km, as expected for an Ms6.1 earthquake.

A Comparison of Cultures between China and the West——Taking Chinese Clothing and British Clothing as an Example

This paper attempts to do study on the comparison of differences between Chinese and western cultures by taking the Chinese and British clothing as an example. This comparison is made form two aspects about clothing culture. One is the separate characteristics of the Chinese and British clothing. The other is the common features of the Chinese and British clothing.The paper aims at making the Chinese confidently promote the clothing culture of China to make efforts to realize the great rejuvenation of China and enrich the culture of all mankind.

Adaptability of n-γdiscrimination and filtering methods based on plastic scintillation

Neutrons have been extensively used in many fields,such as nuclear physics,biology,geology,medical science,and national defense,owing to their unique penetration characteristics.Gamma rays are usually accompanied by the detection of neutrons.The capability to discriminate neutrons from gamma rays is important for evaluating plastic scintillator neutron detectors because similar pulse shapes are generated from both forms of radiation in the detection system.The pulse signals measured by plastic scintillators contain noise,which decreases the accuracy of n-y discrimination.To improve the performance of n-y discrimination,the noise of the pulse signals should be filtered before the n-y discrimination process.In this study,the influences of the Fourier transform,wavelet transform,moving-average filter,and Kalman algorithm on the charge comparison method,fractal spectrum method,and back-propagation neural network methods were studied.It was found that the Fourier transform filtering algorithm exhibits better adaptability to the charge comparison method than others,with an increasing accuracy of 6.87%compared to that without the filtering process.Meanwhile,the Kalman filter offers an improvement of 3.04%over the fractal spectrum method,and the adaptability of the moving-average filter in backpropagation neural network discrimination is better than that in other methods,with an increase in 8.48%.The Kalman filtering algorithm has a significant impact on the peak value of the pulse,reaching 4.49%,and it has an insignificant impact on the energy resolution of the spectrum measurement after discrimination.

CsI-bowl:an ancillary detector for exit channel selection inγ-ray spectroscopy experiments

A particle detector array designed for light-charged particles, known as the CsI-bowl, was built for exit channel selection for in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy experiments. This device is composed of 64 CsI(Tl) detectors, organized in a structure reminiscent of a tea-bowl. High quantum efficiency photodiodes, characterized by their minimal mass, were employed to collect scintillation light. Its design, construction, particle identification resolution, and its effectiveness in relation to exit channel selection are described in this paper. In source tests, the optimal figure of merit for the identification of α-particles and γ-rays using the charge comparison method was found to be 3.3 and 12.1 for CsI detectors coupled to photodiodes and avalanche photodiodes, respectively. The CsI-bowl demonstrated effectiveness in identifying particles, specifically the emission of protons and α-particles in the58Ni(19F, xpyn) fusion–evaporation reaction, thereby enabling the selection of the desired exit channels.

Impervious surface extraction based on different methods from multiple spatial resolution images:a comprehensive comparison

Many efforts have been devoted to extracting impervious surfaces based on different methods from multiple spatial resolution images.Differences in extraction methods and spatial resolutions are significant and have led to discrepant performances in terms of the impervious surface extraction accuracy.However,which extraction method is more suitable for which kind of spatial resolution image in practice is poorly understood.This study systematically compared the performances of 12 methods of impervious surface extraction for four spatial resolution images(i.e.Landsat 8[30 m],Sentinel-2A[20 m],Sentinel-2A[10 m],and Gaofen-2[4 m])in three testing areas.The results indicated that for the mediumspatial resolutions of 30 and 20 m,the support vector machine(SVM)method was considered as the optimal classification method with the highest accuracy of impervious surface extraction.For the high-spatial resolutions of 10 and 4 m,the object based image analysis(OBIA)method obtained the highest accuracy of the impervious surface distribution.Furthermore,the perpendicular impervious surface index(PISI)outperformed the other indices in obtaining the impervious surface distribution,with the highest accuracy for four spatial resolution images.These comprehensive assessments can provide a valuable guidance for future impervious surface extraction from different spatial resolutions.

Analysis and comparison between two coupled-mode methods for acoustic propagation in range-dependent waveguides

Two coupled-mode methods, namely DGMCM （Direct-Global-Matrix Coupled- Mode Method） and CCMM （Consistent Coupled-Mode Method）, are analyzed and compared. First, both of these two methods provide two-way solutions, and hence they are accurate models. Second, the series of local vertical modes in DGMCM converges as fast as that in CCMM, whereas DGMCM has a more tolerable requirement of the number of segments than CCMM. Third, these two models obtain the field solution by solving the coupled-mode system with different coefficient matrices, in which the computational effort for the required parameters is almost the same. Finally, DGMCM can handle some problems which are difficult for CCMM, such as in a waveguide with a rough bottom, a line source located right on top of a sloping bot- tom, or in the presence of multiple sources. In DGMCM, closed-form expressions for coupling matrices in a two-layer waveguide are given. In addition, the formulation for the line-source problem in plane geometry is derived to update CCMM.

Study on the Theory and Method of Real Estate Property Right Appraisal

This paper first introduces the overview of real estate appraisal theory,the basic situation of real estate appraisal,the basic principles and characteristics of real estate appraisal,and three main appraisal methods.On this basis,the specific use scope of each method,the meaning of each parameter,and the influencing factors are analyzed.Then,based on the in-depth study of various existing appraisal theories and methods,a new appraisal method is proposed:the appraisal analysis method based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.

Dynamical Analysis of a Stochastic Predator-Prey System with Lévy Noise and Impulsive Toxicant Input

This paper established a modified Leslie-Gower and Holling-type IV stochastic predator-prey model with Lévy noise and impulsive toxicant input. We study the stability in distribution of solutions by inequality techniques and ergodic method. By comparison method and Itô’s formula, we obtain the sufficient conditions for the survival of each species. Some numerical simulations are introduced to show the theoretical results.

Analysis on the Application of Quality Classification of Cultivated Land Resources in Municipal Land Space Planning:A Case Study of Chongzuo City

Cultivated land is the most important strategic resource to ensure food security.The newly constructed quality classification system of cultivated land resources considers the cultivated land health index for the first time.How the new classification and grading index system and the quality classification results of cultivated land resources to effectively guide the preparation of municipal land space planning has become a key research direction.This paper expounds the overall design idea for quality classification of cultivated land resources and classification index system.Taking Chongzuo City as an example,through the analysis of the quality classification results of cultivated land resources in the study area,using GIS spatial analysis and factor pairwise comparison method,this paper explores the application ideas and methods of quality classification research results of cultivated land resources in the formulation of cultivated land retention target,the delineation of dominant areas of cultivated land protection,the delineation of three control lines,the comprehensive improvement of land,and ecological restoration zoning in the municipal land space planning.

Suitability of Suluu-Terek Basalt Deposits for Stone Casting

This article is presenting history of stone casting and analysis of basalt raw materials assessment from other countries for stone casting technology and various basalts compositions were considered. Analytical methods for calculating composition of charge require a long calculation time and plotting diagrams, each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. As a research significance, we have proposed an experimental calculation method for calculating raw materials after charging. Analysis of the composition, structure of basalts and charging materials were used in the stone casting technology. According to the comparison method, the required amount of charging materials was calculated for the Suluu-Terek 1, Suluu-Terek 2 and Berestovetsk deposits. The calculated data was confirmed by experimental melts in the process of stone casting.

Experimental Study on Dispersion of Unconfined Aquifer in a Site of Jilin City

Dispersion parameter is an important parameter for the establishment of groundwater solute transport model.The dispersion test uses sodium chloride as a tracer,which was conducted in a site in Jilin City.The standard curve comparison method was used to solve the dispersion parameters of the aquifer under the natural flow field.The test results show that under the natural flow field,the longitudinal dispersion of unconfined aquifer in Jilin City is 0.400m,and the transverse dispersion is 1.933×10-5~6.557×10-3m;while the longitudinal dispersion coefficient is 0.246m2/d,the transverse dispersion coefficient is 1.191×10-5~4.039×10-3m2/d.The above results can provide an important parameter basis for the establishment of groundwater solute transport model,the accurate prediction of temporal and spatial variation of pollutant concentration in groundwater and the formulation of groundwater pollution prevention and control scheme.

The Challenge and Its Solution When Determining Biogeochemically Reactive Inorganic Mercury(RHg):Getting the Analytical Method Right

Biogeochemially reactive inorganic mercury (RHg) is an important fraction of Hg. Researchers have attempted to measure RHg when characterizing Hg-impacted sites, conducting research and development of remediation practices, or evaluating remediation efficiency. In these uses, RHg will be the best choice for analysis in ways that total methyl, and other species of Hg cannot duplicate. The fraction has been inadequately measured using the Sn2+ reduction method and operationally defined as “Sn2+ reducible Hg2+”, but the resulting data did not reflect well the nature of the fraction and caused researchers to lose interest, thus limiting the use of RHg in past years. In this work, the problems of using the Sn2+ reduction method were discovered to be generating irreproducible and negatively biased results. Negative bias from 20% to 99% was found in different types of waters. To obtain reliable results, an ethylation-based GC-CVAFS method was used to determine RHg. The performance of the method was evaluated by comparing it to the Sn2+ reduction method. Biogeochemically meaningful results have been obtained in the application of the method to determine RHg in mercury mine-impacted waters from the Idrijca River in Slovenia.