Comparison between American and Chinese Cultures Based on Theories of Cultural Dimensions

This paper focuses on studying the cultural differences between China and America on the basis of the cultural dimensions presented by Hofstede,Hall,Trompenaars and Tunner,in order to raise the cultural awareness when people are interacting in these two super countries of the world.A new scale of cultural dimensions include individualism/collectivism,power distance,low/high context,and diffuse/specific.

The Comparison of Chinese and American Address Forms

This paper contributes to the debate about the Chinese and American address forms in order to help us to improve thecommunication between the two nations.It takes the comparison of the Characters of Chinese and American Address Forms as itsstarting point.It then analyzes the main factors(the influence from the culture's power orientation and the philosophical factor)which make the great differences between Chinese and American address forms.It applies the communicative function of Chineseand American address forms as well.

A Comparative Study of Differences between Chinese and American Family Educational Approaches

Education is not only a science but an art. During the children's entire education, school education is in a dominant position but family education plays a key role. Children's growth needs education, help, and guide from parents. With the development of Chinese society and economy, the importance of family education of children grows more and more significant. But because of cultural traditions, lifestyle, social customs, ideas and sense of heritage, family education in China is still a weak part. The traditional concept of family education is being challenged. And many parents lack understanding of physiological and psychological development of the children during their growth, and lack proper education and effective methods to face the different stages of children's development. Consequently, parents tend to miss crucial educational opportunities. With different history, culture and social economic conditions between China and America, the formations of family education are producing a huge impact. American high level of culture and education also determines the United States the world leader in science and technology. The US has not only advanced school education but advanced family education, and their advanced educational concepts and teaching approaches are in line so that we can learn from American family education in a lot of places.Through questionnaire investigation and contrastive analysis, this thesis studies the differences between Chinese and American family educational approaches by three main aspects of intellectual education, moral and physical education, and life education. Firstly, this thesis discusses the reasons on the historical and cultural backgrounds and social conditions. Then this thesis describes the specific performance including the different status and contents, the comparison of parenting methods. In the end, this thesis has a brief summary of advantages and disadvantages of Chinese and American family educational approaches. This thesis tries to briefly describes and compares the intellectual education, moral and physical education and life education. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is in order to improve the quality of our family education. By studying the differences of family educational style between China and America, we do not mean to belittle our Chinese family education but is a kind of reflection. Absorbing American family education's advantages and removing the disadvantages of our family education style as well as keep our Chinese traditional merits of family education could make a benign circulation of healthy personnel training in our country. Thus, we could gain a competitive advantage in the future competition and gradually adapt to the world trend of the future.

Chinese and Americans-an Intercultural Comparison

This year, I got an opportunity to teach Chinese Culture to some American students for three months. During this process, I had observed many cultural differences between Chinese and Americans. And how to understand the definition of culture was quite far away between us. But one point we all agreed upon was that immersion in the culture of another country can lead to increased appreciation for one’s own.

The Comparison between Chinese Farmer and American Farmer

With international trades become more and more popular, cultural conflicts and shocks appeared in our life more and more frequently. We have to begin to pay attention to the differences of a lot of aspects and professions in different cultures. Because agriculture and farmer are the basis of every country, it is necessary to compare them in different culture and different nations. Except being industrious, hardy and brave, what differences there are between them? And how to treat these differences correctly are becoming especially serious and necessary.

Teaching in Different Cultures:Comparison of Teacher Education Programs between China and the U.S.

In recent years,teacher education,as an important part of educational issues,has attracted governments'attention in the world and made some achievements.Chinese people often say that education is the hope for the revitalization of the nation,and teacher education is the hope for the revitalization of education.Thus,teacher education plays an important role in the devel opment of the whole nation.This essay aims to find out the respective advantages and disadvantages of the teacher education pro grams in China and the America,through the comparison of their specific characteristics.It will also explore what the Chinese teacher education system can benefit from the successful experiences of that in the U.S.

A Comparative Analysis of Different Culture Values Reflected in the Disney Movie Mulan

Taking American Disney Movie Mulan as an object of research, this paper intends to compare Chinese and American cultural differences from three aspects, filial piety vs. individualism, family priority vs. the pursuit of success and gender discrimination vs. feminism.

浅析中美钢结构规范设计

在全球化的背景下,工程公司积极拓展海外业务,对国际钢结构设计规范的研究日益重要。特别是美国规范,因其广泛认可性,成为提升企业国际竞争力的关键。通过对设计方法、受弯构件的计算以及实际案例的详细分析和对比,可以更好地理解两国规范的异同,从而为工程实践提供指导。在进行中美规范的比较分析时,发现在相同的荷载条件和材料强度下,根据美国规范计算出的受弯构件尺寸往往稍小于中国规范的结果。此研究不仅可以提升企业在海外市场的竞争力,还有助于推动我国钢结构设计水平提升,促进建筑行业的持续发展。

基于±800 kV特高压直流输电线路的中美规范风荷载对比研究

针对±800 kV特高压直流输电线路设计的中美标准,从结构重要性系数、分项系数、重现期等方面对风荷载进行全面探讨分析,并深入研究基本风速、地形地貌和高度影响因素、风载体型系数以及动力特性的取值方法。结合典型±800 kV特高压直流输变电工程,将中美规范的风荷载进行对比分析,得出美国规范的线条风荷载和塔身风荷载标准值均高于中国规范,但线条风荷载设计值小于中国规范30%左右,塔身风荷载总设计值(各风压段之和)与中国规范基本相等。结合典型杆塔计算分析,发现美国规范的风荷载整体设计水平低于中国规范约23%。

中、欧标准斜坡式防波堤设计对比分析

随着海外工程项目的逐渐增多,经常会遇到需要采用国外标准进行设计的情况。在港口工程中,除了码头结构,防波堤伴随着对主体码头进行掩护的结构功能,也是经常遇到的设计内容。斜坡堤是常用的防波堤结构形式,具有结构简单,施工方便,可以就地取材等优点。欧洲标准与中国标准关于防波堤结构设计的构造要求,计算参数选取,具体计算方法等均有所区别。以实际工程为例通过欧标与国标的计算结果差异对比,使专业技术人员对采用欧洲标准有较直观的认识,便于对境外工程此类项目内容较准确的把控。

解决芯片技术卡脖子的问题,应从高中物理教学抓起——基于中美高中物理教材中“固态电子学”知识的比较

中美贸易摩擦背景下,芯片技术卡脖子问题引发了教育界对科技创新人才培养的思考。本文从“卡脖子”问题出发,分析比较了中、美高中物理主流教科书中有关“固态电子学”相关知识的分布情况、主要内容和学习要求的差异情况。分析结果表明:中国高中物理教材中涉及的“固态电子学”知识主要以科普应用为主,整体分布较为零散,要求掌握程度较低;而美国高中物理教材中所涉及的“固态电子学”知识则包含更多与能带理论和半导体物理相关的理论知识,有利于为学生未来学习“固态电子学”、从事芯片研发行业打下一定基础。基于此,建议高中物理教材编写增加部分固体物理基础理论知识,建议师范院校人才培养应将“固体物理”设为必修课程。

沙特吉达保障房项目结构分析与BIM应用

沙特吉达保障房项目采用装配整体式剪力墙结构,按照美国规范及沙特规范对本项目进行结构计算和结构设计。运用ETABS软件对结构进行建模分析,并对比了美国规范与中国规范要求的差异。按美国规范对装配式建筑的要求进行了结构拆分、构件设计。采用BIM技术进行深化设计和碰撞检查。预制墙体的水平连接采用钢丝绳套灌浆连接,竖向连接采用波纹管浆锚连接。本项目虽然装配率高于75%,但安装方便、施工周期短、成本与现浇基本持平,值得借鉴推广。

跨文化视角下中美饮食文化比较探究

在世界多极化及全球一体化深入发展的背景下,更多的中国人到美国学习、就业、出差、旅游,他们无时无刻都会接触到美国的饮食文化。并且,随着中国经济的高速增长与社会的不断进步,越来越多的美国人也到中国生活、学习与就业,他们在中国生活,自然也会接触到中国的饮食文化。每到一个新的国家,不管是美国人,还是中国人,都会深切地感受到不同国家的文化差异,这种文化差异往往相互冲突、碰撞。之所以会产生饮食文化差异,主要是因为中国与美国不同的地理环境导致的,两国出产的农畜产品各不相同,正是因为中国和美国不同的饮食历史,导致两国存在不同的餐桌礼仪和餐具,这些都是跨文化视角下中美饮食文化差异的表现形式。该文从跨文化角度阐述,比较探究中美饮食文化的不同点,同时立足于传统思想文化分析产生文化差异的原因,希望能为相关研究提供参考。

中美规范钢筋混凝土水池裂缝控制方法对比

裂缝控制是钢筋混凝土水池结构设计的关键,然而国内外规范对裂缝的控制方法存在差异,为便于海外工程设计,本文介绍了中美两国规范的裂缝控制方法,从裂缝计算荷载组合、裂缝控制指标和影响因素几个方面进行了对比,并结合算例进行分析。结果表明,美国ACI318规范裂缝控制方法不适用于水池结构,中国规范较ACI350规范裂缝控制方法严格,但较ACI224规范宽松。

钢筋混凝土深梁承载力中外规范计算对比

钢筋混凝土深梁受力原理较为复杂,其承载力计算的准确性直接影响结构的整体安全,而现有规范对其承载力的计算方法各不相同。为此,以中美规范关于钢筋混凝土深梁的计算方法为例,阐述了二者在计算模型和计算条件上的异同点,并针对规范设计的不同剪跨比下的深梁构件,通过有限元建模分析了抗剪承载力的差异。计算结果表明:剪跨比小于0.5时,构件实际承载力与设计值偏差均较大;剪跨比大于0.5时,美国规范与设计值更为接近;剪跨比接近1时,美国规范需要更大的配筋率,但却未实现相应的承载力提升效果。最后,提出了一个改进的斜截面抗剪计算公式,其估计值与试验值吻合较好。

中美欧建筑钢结构常用钢材替换对比分析

详尽对比了施工中常用的国标Q235,Q345钢材,美标ASTM A36(M),ASTM A572(M)钢材,欧标EN10025—2004中S275JR,S355JR钢材在化学成分、屈服强度、抗拉强度、延伸率和冷弯性能等方面的差异。结合工程实例进行了对比分析,给出了中、美、欧建筑钢材的替换原则和质量保证措施,使国内设计和施工技术人员更充分了解美标、欧标钢材的特性及相关规范,以便适应国外施工及验收要求,并为国标钢材代替美标、欧标钢材提供了技术支持。

地震作用下中美规范RC结构层间位移角限值的对比研究

为研究地震作用下我国规范层间位移角限值的合理性,将其与美国规范的层间位移角限值进行对比。基于等位移原理推导中美规范层间位移角限值的对比方法,提出中美规范层间位移角限值富裕度指标β。设计框架、剪力墙、框架-剪力墙和框架-核心筒等80个典型RC结构模型,验证结构在设防烈度地震作用下处于弱非线性。分析结构体系、场地类别和设防烈度对β的影响,结果显示,模型的β值均大于1,说明中国规范层间位移角限值比美国规范更为严格。以β作为修正系数,将四种结构体系的位移角限值统一调整为1/500,重新设计16个模型,采用基于构件变形的抗震性能评估方法,验证层间位移角限值调整后结构在强震下的安全性。建议:多遇地震作用下RC结构层间位移角限值可取1/500。

基于中美规范的高强钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载力对比分析

针对11根配置HRBF500高强钢筋的混凝土独立梁进行的受剪试验,分别采用我国《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010-2010)和美国ACI 318-11规范公式计算构件的受剪承载力,并将公式计算值和试验实测值进行对比分析。研究结果表明,配置HRBF500高强钢筋混凝土梁,裂缝发展规律和受剪特征与配置普通钢筋混凝土梁基本相同,采用两国规范公式所得受剪承载力均小于实测值,有较大的安全余量,且两国规范受剪承载力的安全储备程度比较接近,承载力依据我国规范公式计算结果略大于依据美国规范公式所得计算值,相比美国规范,由混凝土项承担的受剪承载力,我国规范计算结果较大,而钢筋项承担受剪承载力略小。

学前儿童在游戏中社交和认知类型发展的研究──中美跨文化比较

采用时间取样观察法，以录像对中美１５０名学前儿童在游戏中的社交和认知类型进行比较研究，结果表明：①学前儿童社会交往发展水平、认知发展水平、游戏难度随年龄的增长而提高；②学前儿童较高水平的认知游戏行为与较高水平的社会技能的发展相关联，社交水平与认知水平的发展相互影响；③中美学前儿童社交和认知能力发展进程具有一致性，游戏行为发展模式具有一致性；④中美学前儿童游戏的方式和内容、社交和认知水平存在显著差异，表明不同文化背景的制约性。

中美护士伦理守则的比较与启示

目的通过对中美护士伦理守则进行比较,为进一步完善中国的护士伦理守则提供借鉴。方法采用比较研究方法为主,并以文献研究方法为辅。结果美国《护士伦理守则》内容全面,并具备完善的保障落实系统。中国的准则较之在具体的保障落实措施上存在较大的差距。结论美国《护士伦理守则》对中国《护士伦理准则》的完善具有借鉴意义,建议结合中国护理伦理实践不断进行完善。