At the present stage, the social economy in China has developed by leaps and bounds. China's pig industry has been well developed un-der the background of this era. However, the number of pig diseases increases du...At the present stage, the social economy in China has developed by leaps and bounds. China's pig industry has been well developed un-der the background of this era. However, the number of pig diseases increases due to the influence of many factors, and highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(HP-PRRS) is one of the very common diseases, causing growing mortality rate of pigs. The disease increases the economic loss of pig industry to a large extent, and brings difficulties in prevention and control of pig diseases. The staff must analyze and sum-marize the basic characteristics of pig diseases, and combine some practical problems in prevention and control of pig disease to find effective mea-sures. The scope and scale of pig production in different parts of China have been continuously expanded under the background of further develop-ment of pig industry in the new era. But for pig production, pig disease has been a problem that delays its further development. Related personnel must analyze and summarize the status quo of HP-PRRS, to find effective prevention measures and strategy.展开更多
肾综合征出血热(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFRS)是我国重点防治的乙类传染病,曾在我国广泛流行,给人民群众健康带来严重威胁。多年来,在政府主导多部门通力协作全面落实综合防控措施的背景下,HFRS得到有效控制,发病总体...肾综合征出血热(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFRS)是我国重点防治的乙类传染病,曾在我国广泛流行,给人民群众健康带来严重威胁。多年来,在政府主导多部门通力协作全面落实综合防控措施的背景下,HFRS得到有效控制,发病总体上进入低水平波动期,但累及地区却在扩大,新的疫源地仍在出现,部分疫源地疫情时有反复,防控工作面临新的形势。进一步巩固防控成果,降低发病率和病死率,仍是当前公共卫生系统亟待解决的挑战之一。为此,本文介绍了HFRS的病原学特征,结合既往疫情资料分析了我国当前HFRS的流行特点,总结了我国HFRS的防控策略与措施,以期为新形势下我国HFRS的防控工作提供有益参考。展开更多
AIM To compare the 3 main techniques of temporary closure of the abdominal cavity,vacuum assisted closure(vacuum-assisted closure therapy- VAC),Bogota bag and Barker technique,in damage control surgery.METHODS After s...AIM To compare the 3 main techniques of temporary closure of the abdominal cavity,vacuum assisted closure(vacuum-assisted closure therapy- VAC),Bogota bag and Barker technique,in damage control surgery.METHODS After systematic review of the literature,33 articles were selected to compare the efficiency of the three procedures.Criteria such as cost,infections,capacity of reconstruction of the abdominal wall,diseases associated with the technique,among others were analyzed.RESULTS The Bogota bag and Barker techniques present as advantage the availability of material and low cost,what is not observed in the VAC procedure.The VAC technique is the most efficient,not only because it reduces the tension on the boarders of the lesion,but also removes stagnant fluids and debris and acts at cellular level increasing cell proliferation and division.Bogota bag presents the higher rates of skin laceration and evisceration,greater need for a stent for draining fluids and wash-ups,higher rates of intestinal adhesion to the abdominal wall.The Barker technique presents lack of efficiency in closing the abdominal wall and difficulty on maintaining pressure on the dressing.The VAC dressing can generate irritation and dermatitis when the drape is applied,in addition to pain,infection and bleeding,as well as toxic shock syndrome,anaerobic sepsis and thrombosis.CONCLUSION The VAC technique,showed to be superior allowing a better control of liquid on the third space,avoiding complications such as fistula with small mortality,low infection rate,and easier capability on primary closure of the abdominal cavity.展开更多
Damage control orthopaedics(DCO) originally consisted of the provisional immobilisation of long bone-mainly femur-fractures in order to achieve the advantages of early treatment and to minimise the risk of complicatio...Damage control orthopaedics(DCO) originally consisted of the provisional immobilisation of long bone-mainly femur-fractures in order to achieve the advantages of early treatment and to minimise the risk of complications, such as major pain, fat embolism, clotting, pathological inflammatory response, severe haemorrhage triggering the lethal triad, and the traumatic effects of major surgery on a patient who is already traumatised(the "second hit" effect). In recent years, new locations have been added to the DCO concept, such as injuries to the pelvis, spine and upper limbs. Nonetheless, this concept has not yet been validated in well-designed prospective studies, and much controversy remains.Indeed, some researchers believe the indiscriminate application of DCO might be harmful and produce substantial and unnecessary expense. In this respect, too,normalised parameters associated with the acid-base system have been proposed,under a concept termed early appropriate care, in the view that this would enable patients to receive major surgical procedures in an approach offering the advantages of early total care together with the apparent safety of DCO. This paper discusses the diagnosis and treatment of severely traumatised patients managed in accordance with DCO and highlights the possible drawbacks of this treatment principle.展开更多
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome （PRRS） is the severest disease of pigs worldwide, caused by a highly genetically diverse RNA virus, called Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV）....Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome （PRRS） is the severest disease of pigs worldwide, caused by a highly genetically diverse RNA virus, called Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV）. The research summarized the genome characteristics of PRRSV particles and the most updated knowledge of structure protein function, and introduced the intellectual of PRRSV transmission and host immune response, which is very important for prevention and control for PRRS. A report showed that mass vaccination can stabilize the immunity of the entire herd, and this is the first required step for a PRRS eradication plan. However, the attenuated live vaccines may not achieve a valid prevention. The final goal of the EU project is to develop new generation, efficacious and safe maker vaccines that can be adapted to temporary changes and geographical differences.Robinson reported that broadly antibodies could neutralize all rapidly evolving type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ viruses, while further studies are expected to elucidate mechanisms of neutralizing antibody production and maturation and to investigate conserved epitope targets of cross-neutralization in this rapidly evolving virus.展开更多
文摘At the present stage, the social economy in China has developed by leaps and bounds. China's pig industry has been well developed un-der the background of this era. However, the number of pig diseases increases due to the influence of many factors, and highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(HP-PRRS) is one of the very common diseases, causing growing mortality rate of pigs. The disease increases the economic loss of pig industry to a large extent, and brings difficulties in prevention and control of pig diseases. The staff must analyze and sum-marize the basic characteristics of pig diseases, and combine some practical problems in prevention and control of pig disease to find effective mea-sures. The scope and scale of pig production in different parts of China have been continuously expanded under the background of further develop-ment of pig industry in the new era. But for pig production, pig disease has been a problem that delays its further development. Related personnel must analyze and summarize the status quo of HP-PRRS, to find effective prevention measures and strategy.
文摘肾综合征出血热(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFRS)是我国重点防治的乙类传染病,曾在我国广泛流行,给人民群众健康带来严重威胁。多年来,在政府主导多部门通力协作全面落实综合防控措施的背景下,HFRS得到有效控制,发病总体上进入低水平波动期,但累及地区却在扩大,新的疫源地仍在出现,部分疫源地疫情时有反复,防控工作面临新的形势。进一步巩固防控成果,降低发病率和病死率,仍是当前公共卫生系统亟待解决的挑战之一。为此,本文介绍了HFRS的病原学特征,结合既往疫情资料分析了我国当前HFRS的流行特点,总结了我国HFRS的防控策略与措施,以期为新形势下我国HFRS的防控工作提供有益参考。
文摘AIM To compare the 3 main techniques of temporary closure of the abdominal cavity,vacuum assisted closure(vacuum-assisted closure therapy- VAC),Bogota bag and Barker technique,in damage control surgery.METHODS After systematic review of the literature,33 articles were selected to compare the efficiency of the three procedures.Criteria such as cost,infections,capacity of reconstruction of the abdominal wall,diseases associated with the technique,among others were analyzed.RESULTS The Bogota bag and Barker techniques present as advantage the availability of material and low cost,what is not observed in the VAC procedure.The VAC technique is the most efficient,not only because it reduces the tension on the boarders of the lesion,but also removes stagnant fluids and debris and acts at cellular level increasing cell proliferation and division.Bogota bag presents the higher rates of skin laceration and evisceration,greater need for a stent for draining fluids and wash-ups,higher rates of intestinal adhesion to the abdominal wall.The Barker technique presents lack of efficiency in closing the abdominal wall and difficulty on maintaining pressure on the dressing.The VAC dressing can generate irritation and dermatitis when the drape is applied,in addition to pain,infection and bleeding,as well as toxic shock syndrome,anaerobic sepsis and thrombosis.CONCLUSION The VAC technique,showed to be superior allowing a better control of liquid on the third space,avoiding complications such as fistula with small mortality,low infection rate,and easier capability on primary closure of the abdominal cavity.
文摘Damage control orthopaedics(DCO) originally consisted of the provisional immobilisation of long bone-mainly femur-fractures in order to achieve the advantages of early treatment and to minimise the risk of complications, such as major pain, fat embolism, clotting, pathological inflammatory response, severe haemorrhage triggering the lethal triad, and the traumatic effects of major surgery on a patient who is already traumatised(the "second hit" effect). In recent years, new locations have been added to the DCO concept, such as injuries to the pelvis, spine and upper limbs. Nonetheless, this concept has not yet been validated in well-designed prospective studies, and much controversy remains.Indeed, some researchers believe the indiscriminate application of DCO might be harmful and produce substantial and unnecessary expense. In this respect, too,normalised parameters associated with the acid-base system have been proposed,under a concept termed early appropriate care, in the view that this would enable patients to receive major surgical procedures in an approach offering the advantages of early total care together with the apparent safety of DCO. This paper discusses the diagnosis and treatment of severely traumatised patients managed in accordance with DCO and highlights the possible drawbacks of this treatment principle.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Research Subject of Minhang Center(2015MHZ041)
文摘Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome （PRRS） is the severest disease of pigs worldwide, caused by a highly genetically diverse RNA virus, called Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV）. The research summarized the genome characteristics of PRRSV particles and the most updated knowledge of structure protein function, and introduced the intellectual of PRRSV transmission and host immune response, which is very important for prevention and control for PRRS. A report showed that mass vaccination can stabilize the immunity of the entire herd, and this is the first required step for a PRRS eradication plan. However, the attenuated live vaccines may not achieve a valid prevention. The final goal of the EU project is to develop new generation, efficacious and safe maker vaccines that can be adapted to temporary changes and geographical differences.Robinson reported that broadly antibodies could neutralize all rapidly evolving type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ viruses, while further studies are expected to elucidate mechanisms of neutralizing antibody production and maturation and to investigate conserved epitope targets of cross-neutralization in this rapidly evolving virus.
