Based on the analysis of the-state-of-the-art of pressure compensation of underwater hydraulic systems （UHSs）, a new method of pressure compensation of UHSs, whose hydraulic power unit is in the atmospheric circumst...Based on the analysis of the-state-of-the-art of pressure compensation of underwater hydraulic systems （UHSs）, a new method of pressure compensation of UHSs, whose hydraulic power unit is in the atmospheric circumstance, is proposed. And a pilot-operated relief valve with pressure compensation is realized. The pressure compensation precision is guaranteed by direct detection. Its dynamic performance and stability are improved by a dynamic feedback. Theoretical study, simulation and experiment show that the pilot-operated relief valve with pressure compensation has a fine property of tracking underwater ambient pressure and meet the requirement of underwater ambient pressure compensation.展开更多
THE 8.1-magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal on April 25 and its multiple aftershocks killed almost 9,000 and injured more than 20,000people.The Chinese government immediately set about organizing two rounds of emer...THE 8.1-magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal on April 25 and its multiple aftershocks killed almost 9,000 and injured more than 20,000people.The Chinese government immediately set about organizing two rounds of emergency humanitarian relief that provided 546 tons of relief materials worth RMB 60 million.The next morning the China International Search and Rescue Team was the first such team to arrive in Katmandu,Nepal’s capital.展开更多
The 2014 Jure landslide in Sindhupalchok District, Nepal, caused significant loss and damage to ecosystems and livelihoods in the area. In the direct aftermath of the landslide, several disaster loss assessments were ...The 2014 Jure landslide in Sindhupalchok District, Nepal, caused significant loss and damage to ecosystems and livelihoods in the area. In the direct aftermath of the landslide, several disaster loss assessments were conducted, with the aim of counting casualties,injured people, and damaged houses and infrastructure.Although useful and necessary in their own right, such rapid assessments do not reveal the true extent and significance of the losses and damages that people in disaster areas face, including their monetary value. We address this gap, based on a comprehensive household survey(N = 234), as well as other, qualitative research tools. Our results highlight the importance of differentiating between loss and damage in absolute monetary terms as opposed to losses relative to annual income. We find a stark contrast between the high absolute losses incurred by nonpoor households, and the high relative losses—up to 14 times their annual income—experienced by poor households.These results have important implications for policy that addresses loss and damage, not only of landslides but also of other disasters. Loss and damage assessments need to take the livelihood characteristics of affected households into account to identify and support those most in need of compensation and relief.展开更多
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50475105).
文摘Based on the analysis of the-state-of-the-art of pressure compensation of underwater hydraulic systems （UHSs）, a new method of pressure compensation of UHSs, whose hydraulic power unit is in the atmospheric circumstance, is proposed. And a pilot-operated relief valve with pressure compensation is realized. The pressure compensation precision is guaranteed by direct detection. Its dynamic performance and stability are improved by a dynamic feedback. Theoretical study, simulation and experiment show that the pilot-operated relief valve with pressure compensation has a fine property of tracking underwater ambient pressure and meet the requirement of underwater ambient pressure compensation.
文摘THE 8.1-magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal on April 25 and its multiple aftershocks killed almost 9,000 and injured more than 20,000people.The Chinese government immediately set about organizing two rounds of emergency humanitarian relief that provided 546 tons of relief materials worth RMB 60 million.The next morning the China International Search and Rescue Team was the first such team to arrive in Katmandu,Nepal’s capital.
基金the Asia–Pacific Network for Global Change Research(APN)for funding the fieldwork of this study
文摘The 2014 Jure landslide in Sindhupalchok District, Nepal, caused significant loss and damage to ecosystems and livelihoods in the area. In the direct aftermath of the landslide, several disaster loss assessments were conducted, with the aim of counting casualties,injured people, and damaged houses and infrastructure.Although useful and necessary in their own right, such rapid assessments do not reveal the true extent and significance of the losses and damages that people in disaster areas face, including their monetary value. We address this gap, based on a comprehensive household survey(N = 234), as well as other, qualitative research tools. Our results highlight the importance of differentiating between loss and damage in absolute monetary terms as opposed to losses relative to annual income. We find a stark contrast between the high absolute losses incurred by nonpoor households, and the high relative losses—up to 14 times their annual income—experienced by poor households.These results have important implications for policy that addresses loss and damage, not only of landslides but also of other disasters. Loss and damage assessments need to take the livelihood characteristics of affected households into account to identify and support those most in need of compensation and relief.
