Analysis of influencing factors of anxiety and depression in patients with periodontitis

BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic oral disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms that corrode tooth tissue,form periodontal pockets,absorb alveolar bone,and finally lead to tooth loss.During treatment,patients are prone to anxiety,tension,and other negative emotions,which affect their ability to face the disease and may also lead to aggravation of the original condition and affect oral health.Therefore,it is important to improve the negative psychology of patients with periodontitis to clarify the factors that may lead to negative psychological emotions.AIM To investigate the risk factors that may lead to anxiety and depression in patients with periodontitis.METHODS One hundred patients with periodontitis were selected between March 2022 and March 2023 at our hospital.All patients were assessed with the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)(≥53 points indicate a depressive state)and Zung Selfrating Anxiety Scale(SAS)(≥50 points indicates an anxious state).In this study,patients who experienced anxiety or depression were included in the occurrence group and those without anxiety or depression were included in the nonoccurrence group.The baseline data of the two groups were compared to explore the risk factors for anxiety and depression in patients with periodontitis.RESULTS A total of 100 patients with periodontitis were included in this study.According to the SDS,38 patients(38.00%)developed depression,with an average SDS score of(68.52±5.85)points.According to the SAS,40 patients(40.00%)developed anxiety,and the average SAS score was(72.15±4.15)points.In this study,56 patients with anxiety or depression were included.Compared with the nonoccurrence group,the occurrence group had higher ages(≥60 years),lower level of hope(low level),educational level(high school or below),disease perception(poor),and sleep disorder(yes).The negative coping dimension scores of the simplified coping style questionnaire(SCSQ)and Dental Fear Scale(DFS)in the occurrence group were higher,whereas the score of the positive coping dimension of the SCSQ was significantly lower(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the other data between the groups(P>0.05).The results of multiple logistics regression analysis showed that age(≥60 years),level of hope(low level),educational level(high school or below),disease perception(poor),sleep disorder(yes),high negative coping dimension scores of SCSQ,high score of DFS,and low positive coping dimension scores of SCSQ were all factors contributing to the anxiety and depression in patients with periodontitis(odds ratio>1,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Age,hope level,educational level,disease perception,sleep disorders,coping style,and dental fear were all associated with anxiety and depression in patients with periodontitis.

The Relationship Between Uncertainty in Illness,State Anxiety,and the Life Satisfaction of College Students During the COVID-19 Epidemic

Objective:This study aimed to explore the relationship between uncertainty in illness,state anxiety,and the life satisfaction of college students during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods:A cluster random sampling method was employed to select a total of 1522 college students from seven universities in China.The uncertainty in illness scale,state anxiety scale,and life satisfaction scale were used.Results:Uncertainty in illness had a negative effect on life satisfaction.Uncertainty in illness had a positive effect on state anxiety.State anxiety had a negative effect on life satisfaction.State anxiety played an important mediating role in the relationship between uncertainty in illness and life satisfaction-its mediating effect accounted for 17.43%of the total effect.Conclusion:A simple mediation model revealed that uncertainty in illness exerts influence both directly on life satisfaction and indirectly via state anxiety.Based upon these elucidated examples,several countermeasures and suggestions for life satisfaction are proposed.

Chinese Students in the United States:A study of Anxiety/Uncertainty Managing Behaviors

With The Anxiety/Uncertainty Management(AUM) Theory as framework,the paper had demonstrated an in-depth examination on Chinese students' anxiety/uncertainty managing behaviors and strategies when they are exposed to the new environment in the US.One-on-one interview was employed to analyze both the internal and external factors during their adaptation to new cultures.Further recommendations would be given for developing intercultural communication studies in Chinese students' oversea education or related other topics.

Impact of Gender and Working Environment on the Level of State Anxiety among Primary and Middle school Teachers in China

State anxiety has become serious among primary and middle school teachers in China. By using stratified random sampling, we selected 2790 primary and middle school teachers as participants. They were from seven regions of China, among them 2278 were valid subjects. Constructed on the basis of anxiety content, the Teachers’ State Anxiety Questionnaire (TSAQ) was used in the investigation. The result of the survey shows that primary and middle school teachers are generally affected by state anxiety;further analysis indicates that the prevalence of state anxiety is relatively higher among male teachers, teachers from key middle schools, teachers working more than 10 hours a day, and teachers loaded with additional task as head teachers. This is directly connected with China’s national situation, teaching envi-ronment, discrepancies in teachers themselves, and their own ability of self-regulation.

Characteristics of anxiety among primary and middle school teachers: a Content-based approach to state anxiety

Anxiety has become one of the major psychological problems which harass people in modern times;this problem is particularly obvious with primary and middle school teachers. Based on the contents of anxiety, the self-compiled Teachers’ State Anxiety Questionnaire (TSAQ) was used to investigate the effective of 1930 subjects in seven regions of China through stratified random sampling methodology. The results show that that the sense of anxiety for satisfaction and control is higher in male teachers;and the sense of teachers’ anxiety for satisfaction and conflict is severe in the key middle school;and the sense of conflict anxiety in the married teachers is the highest;the anxiety in all are high in teachers with poor physical health and main teacher as well as the teachers with poor economic situation in their family. The feasibility of measures to improve the teachers’ state anxiety in primary and middle school should be considered to enhance the level of teachers’ mental health, work efficiency and quality of life.

Competition of Quantum Anomalous Hall States and Charge Density Wave in a Correlated Topological Model

We investigate the topological phase transition driven by non-local electronic correlations in a realistic quantum anomalous Hall model consisting of d_(xy)–d_(x^(2)-y^(2)) orbitals. Three topologically distinct phases defined in the noninteracting limit evolve to different charge density wave phases under correlations. Two conspicuous conclusions were obtained: The topological phase transition does not involve gap-closing and the dynamical fluctuations significantly suppress the charge order favored by the next nearest neighbor interaction. Our study sheds light on the stability of topological phase under electronic correlations, and we demonstrate a positive role played by dynamical fluctuations that is distinct to all previous studies on correlated topological states.

The Comparative Discussion of State Owned Enterprise in Competition Law

Reflect on the benefits and costs of the current approaches in the European Union and the People’s Republic of China.To the conclusion that State Owned Enterprises(SOE)’s and more generally state conduct should be fully covered by competition law.

Correlation between crowdedness in emergency departments and anxiety in Chinese patients

BACKGROUND Emergency department(ED)overcrowding is a severe health care concern,while anxiety and depression rates among ED patients have been reported to be substantially higher compared to the general population.We hypothesized that anxiety due to over crowdedness may lead to adverse events in EDs.AIM To investigate correlations between crowdedness in EDs and anxiety of patients and nurses,and to identify factors affecting their anxiety.METHODS In this prospective observational study,a total 43 nurses and 389 emergency patients from two tier III hospitals located in Beijing were included from January 2016 to August 2017.Patients were grouped into inpatients when they were hospitalized after diagnoses,or into outpatients when they were discharged after treatments.The State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI Form Y)questionnaire was used to investigate patient and nurse anxieties,while crowdedness of EDs was evaluated with the National Emergency Department Over Crowding Score.RESULTS The present results revealed that state anxiety scores(49.50±6.00 vs 50.80±2.80,P=0.005)and trait anxiety scores(45.40±5.70 vs 46.80±2.70,P=0.002)between inpatients(n=173)and outpatients(n=216)were significantly different,while the state anxiety of nurses(44.70±5.80)was different from those of both patient groups.Generalized linear regression analysis demonstrated that multiple factors,including crowdedness in the ED,were associated with state and trait anxieties for both inpatients and outpatients.In addition,there was an interaction between state anxiety and trait anxieties.However,multivariable regression analysis showed that while overcrowding in the ED did not directly correlate with patients’and nurses’anxiety levels,the factors that did correlate with state and trait anxieties of inpatients were related to crowdedness.These factors included waiting time in the ED,the number of patients treated,and the number of nurses in the ED,whereas for nurses,only state and trait anxieties correlated significantly with each other.CONCLUSION Waiting time,the number of patients treated,and the number of nurses present in the ED correlate with patient anxiety in EDs,but crowdedness has no effect on nurse or patient anxiety.

High Preoperative Anxiety Level and the Risk of Intraoperative Hypothermia

Aim: The relationship between preoperative anxiety level and intraoperative hypothermia (<36℃) was investigated. Background: Core temperature often decreases during surgery, with an initial rapid decrease followed by a slower decrease for about 2 hours. Preoperative anxiety may influence perioperative physiological responses. The relationship between preoperative anxiety level and perioperative decrease in core temperature has not been studied closely. Design: A prospective observational study. Methods: This study enrolled 120 adult patients who underwent elective major abdominal surgery under combined epidural and general anesthesia. Tympanic membrane temperature was used to measure core temperature preoperatively and during the operation. The relationship between anxiety level according to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and core temperature was examined using descriptive and multivariate risk analysis. Results: High anxiety level was found in 61 patients (51%), of which 26 (43%) developed hypothermia during the first hour and 40 (66%) developed hypothermia during the first 2 hours of anesthesia. After adjustment for covariates, patients with a high anxiety level were found to have a 2.17-fold higher risk of hypothermia during the first hour and a 1.77-fold higher risk of hypothermia during the first 2 hours than patients with a low/moderate anxiety level. Conclusions: The risk of hypothermia in the early phase of general anesthesia can be predicted by measurement of the preoperative anxiety level using the STAI. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Patients with a high anxiety level had a significantly higher risk of intraoperative hypothermia. Preoperative preventive nursing care programs should include anxiety management and thermal care.

An Algorithm for Idle-State Detection and Continuous Classifier Design in Motor-Imagery-Based BCI

Abstract-The development of asynchronous brain-computer interface （BCI） based on motor imagery （M1） poses the research in algorithms for detecting the nontask states （i.e., idle state） and the design of continuous classifiers that classify continuously incoming electroencephalogram （EEG） samples. An algorithm is proposed in this paper which integrates two two-class classifiers to detect idle state and utilizes a sliding window to achieve continuous outputs. The common spatial pattern （CSP） algorithm is used to extract features of EEG signals and the linear support vector machine （SVM） is utilized to serve as classifier. The algorithm is applied on dataset IVb of BCI competition Ⅲ, with a resulting mean square error of 0.66. The result indicates that the proposed algorithm is feasible in the first step of the development of asynchronous systems.

Knowledge,attitude and anxiety pertaining to basic life support and medical emergencies among dental interns in Mangalore City,India

BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and anxiety pertaining to basic life support(BLS) and medical emergencies among interns in dental colleges of Mangalore city, Karnataka, India.METHODS: The study subjects comprised of interns who volunteered from the four dental colleges. The knowledge and attitude of interns were assessed using a 30-item questionnaire prepared based on the Basic Life Support Manual from American Heart Association and the anxiety of interns pertaining to BLS and medical emergencies were assessed using a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) Questionnaire. Chi-square test was performed on SPSS 21.0(IBM Statistics, 2012) to determine statistically signifi cant differences(P<0.05) between assessed knowledge and anxiety.RESULTS: Out of 183 interns, 39.89% had below average knowledge. A total of 123(67.21%) reported unavailability of professional training. The majority(180, 98.36%) felt the urgent need of training in basic life support procedures. Assessment of stress showed a total of 27.1% participants to be above highstress level. Comparison of assessed knowledge and stress was found to be insignifi cant(P=0.983).CONCLUSION: There was an evident lack of knowledge pertaining to the management of medical emergencies among the interns. As oral health care providers moving out to the society, a focus should be placed on the training of dental interns with respect to Basic Life Support procedures.

Effects of aquatic exercise on depression and anxiety in ischemic stroke subjects

Background: Stroke ranks third and is the leading cause of permanent disability in western countries. Furthermore there are no treatments for the psychosocial effects of this pathology. Purpose: Analyse the effect of an aquatic exercise program in depression and trace and state anxiety in subjects who suffered an ischemic stroke. Methods: Two groups were analyzed: experimental group (EG) n = 15, 50.3 ± 9.1 years;control group (CG) n = 13, 52.5 ± 7.7 years. EG underwent a 12-week aquatic exercise program. Both groups were evaluated in pre and post- treatment using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Trace State Anxiety Inventory (IDATE). Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare moments and groups, respec- tively. Results: The BDI scores of aquatic activities were: pre-treatment, 17.4 ± 7.7 and 16.9 ± 8.6 for the EG and CG, respectively;post-treat- ment, 13.2 + 7.1 and 16.4 + 7.9 for the EG and CG, respectively. The IDATE scores for anxiety trace in strength training were: pre-treatment, 43.2 + 12.5 and 42.9 + 12.2 for the EG and CG, respec- tively;post-treatment, 39.7 + 7.1 and 42.6 + 12.1 for the EG and CG, respectively. The IDATE scores for anxiety state in strength training were: pre-treatment, 46.9 + 7.6 and 47.4 + 8.1 for the EG and CG, respectively;post-treatment, 44.4 + 7.9 and 47.5 + 8.0 for the EG and CG, respectively. Significant differences were found in pre and post-treatment values in the EG and between groups in the depression and trace and state anxiety levels in post-treatment (p Conclusions: Aquatic physical activity contributes to an improvement of the levels of depression and anxiety in people who suffered a stroke.

Medium-term scheduling of operating states in electric power systems

This article presents a mathematical model for the medium-term scheduling of the operating states of electric power systems.The scheduling period is divided into several time intervals.The model can be used to determine the equilibrium state in which each supplier earns maximum profit from supplying electricity to the wholesale market.We estimated the maximum value of public welfare,which indicates the total financial gains of suppliers and consumers,to determine the prices at the nodes of the power system.This was done by considering the balance constraints at the nodes of the power system and constraints on the allowable values of generation,power flows,and volumes of energy resources consumed over several time intervals.This problem belongs to the class of bi-level Stackelberg game-theoretic models with several leaders.The market equilibrium is modeled simultaneously in several intervals,given the multiplicity and duration of interactions.We considered two approaches for solving the multi-interval equilibrium state problem.The first approach involved directly solving a system of joint optimality conditions for electricity suppliers and consumers.The second approach involved iterative searches until the equilibrium state was reached.This article presents the results of medium-term scheduling using a case study of a simplified real-world power system.

Competition Law in the GCC Countries： The Tale of a Blurry Enforcement

countries, and emphasizes that the application of the rules in force represents the weak point of systems in which the competition policy awareness is much needed but still anchored at a rudimentary stage. This is especially evident when considering that, although such laws have been built up following the European Union model as regards to the forbidden practices, and the US system-with its combination of monetary fines and criminal approach-for the sanctions, the establishment of a legal environment “friendly competition” is far from effective enforcement. After providing an overview of the competition laws passed by the six GCC members, the paper highlights that, notwithstanding the wide arsenal of legal tools to curb possible anticompetitive practices made available under the national regimes, in all countries role and powers of the competition authorities are somewhat underrated. Due to such generalized lack of implementation, the article underlines the need for effective enforcement standards accompanied by a joint harmonized action against illegal competition to be undertaken at regional level in order to facilitate the flow of commerce, and strengthen the economy in the GCC marketplace.

Exposure to Hypobaric Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Induces Transient Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rat

Chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) causes memory impairment and prolonged state of mental confusion. However, effect of high altitude exposure on mood state and its underlying mechanisms have been poorly studied.? Present study was undertaken to investigate the mood state alteration following chronic exposure to HH. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups and exposed to hypoxia for 3, 7, 14 and 21 days in an animal decompression chamber at an altitude of 25,000ft. Anxiety-and depression-like behaviors were assessed by using various mazes along with changes in serotonin and glutamate level. Our study revealed a decrease in exploratory, grooming and rearing behavior in open field test following initial exposure to HH for 7 days without affecting the locomotory behavior. Initial exposure to HH-decreased time spent in open arm of elevated plus maze indicating induction of anxiety-like behavior which normalized on prolonged hypoxic exposure for 21 days. Hypoxic exposure for 7 days induced anhedonia and increased despair behavior in rat while there was steady improvement in these behaviors when exposed for 21 days. Decrease in serotonin level was noted in hippocampus along with elevated corticosterone and glutamate level which gradually decreased on prolonged exposure to HH. These findings suggest that initial exposure to HH increases transient anxiety-like behavior in rats followed by gradual improvement in mood state on prolonged exposure. Further, the study also indicates the involvement of serotonergic system in mood state alteration at high altitude following chronic exposure and reoxygenation.

A STUDY OF STUDENTS' ANXIETY ON THE LISTENING PERFORMANCE IN CET BAND IV

This paper mainly focuses on investigating to what extent and how listening comprehension was affected by students’ anxiety, which was considered to be one of the factors to which EFL/ESL teachers must pay attention. The author of the thesis used a questionnaire on trait anxiety and one on state anxiety to look into students’ anxiety levels exhibited in the listening part of the College English Band IV Test. 52 subjects from the Inner Mongolia (Polytechnic) University of Technology were involved in the investigation. Data collected from the investigation were statistically analyzed using SPSS 10.0. The research findings indicate that anxiety is a factor to affect the students’ listening performances, that means the reduction of trait anxiety levels may facilitate listening performances of the students. Visualization is a promising technique for treatment. 〔

Switzerland Replaces United States at Top of Competitiveness Rankings

On Sep. 8,2009,Switzerland tops the overall ranking in The Global Competitiveness Report 2009-2010, released by the World Economic Forum ahead of its Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2009 in Dalian.

美国全球水资源安全战略分析

由于相对实力下降,美国的霸权正面临“碎片化”与“议题化”转型。在众多涉及安全的议题中,水资源议题因为自身的敏感性,成为美国国家安全的重要组成部分。2022年美国相继发布《全球水安全行动计划》和第二个《美国全球水战略》文件,明确了未来一段时期美国在全球水资源领域的战略目标、原则、优先方向、实施路径以及项目规划。其在优先方向、重点地区以及实施路径等方面的新变化,不但会对中美在水资源领域的竞争产生重要影响,更可能干扰中国与周边国家在水资源领域的合作。中国需加强跟踪研判和科学谋划,不断调整和优化与周边国家开展水资源合作及治理的政策和路径,化解美国对华开展水资源竞争所带来的风险。

比较视角下美国对华国家战略焦虑及遏制举措

当前美国对华全面战略焦虑是二战以来继对苏联和日本后的第三次国家战略焦虑。初次战略焦虑是基于美苏双方几无经济交集的战略竞争,是美国对苏联进行经济封锁、军备竞赛、舆论战和价值观颠覆,并动用盟友力量全面对抗。对日战略焦虑则限于经济领域,主要通过打击日本半导体产业、贸易战、整体上强迫日元升值来实现。而对华战略焦虑及应对举措更具全局性和激进性,是涉及经济、政治、军事、科技、意识形态、舆论的全方位对华战略遏制,是用美国主导的国际规则联合全球盟友来对华进行的组织化、体系化的竞争。对此,中国亟需清醒认识美国对华战略遏制的长期性和全面性,充分吸取历史经验与教训,在坚定自身发展道路的同时做好应对准备,不断夯实自身实力以应对未来的不确定挑战。

FURTHER IN VESTIGATION OF THE VOLTERRA-LOTKA COMPETITION MODEL WITH DIFFUSION

In this paper, the existence of coexistence states in the Voterra Lotka competition model under Dirichlet boundary conditions is the major concern. Attention will be focused on the logistic equation. With a comparison theorem an inequality satisfied by the solution of logistic equation is established. Some improved sufficient conditions for the existence of coexistence states are obtained.