Competitive oxidation behavior of Ni-based superalloy GH4738 at extreme temperature

A high thrust-to-weight ratio poses challenges to the high-temperature performance of Ni-based superalloys. The oxidation behavior of GH4738 at extreme temperatures has been investigated by isothermal and non-isothermal experiments. As a result of the competitive diffusion of alloying elements, the oxide scale included an outermost porous oxide layer (OOL), an inner relatively dense oxide layer (IOL), and an internal oxide zone (IOZ), depending on the temperature and time. A high temperature led to the formation of large voids at the IOL/IOZ interface. At 1200℃, the continuity of the Cr-rich oxide layer in the IOL was destroyed, and thus, spallation occurred. Extension of oxidation time contributed to the size of Al-rich oxide particles with the increase in the IOZ. Based on this finding,the oxidation kinetics of GH4738 was discussed, and the corresponding oxidation behavior at 900-1100℃ was predicted.

Construction of CDKN2A-related competitive endogenous RNA network and identification of GAS5 as a prognostic indicator for hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Competitive endogenous RNA(ceRNA)is an innovative way of gene expression modulation,which plays a crucial part in neoplasia.However,the intricacy and behavioral characteristics of the ceRNA network in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remain dismal.AIM To establish a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A(CDKN2A)-related ceRNA network and recognize potential prognostic indicators for HCC.METHODS The mutation landscape of CDKN2A in HCC was first explored using the cBioPortal database.Differential expression analysis was implemented between CDKN2Ahigh and CDKN2Alow expression HCC samples.The targeted microRNAs were predicted by lncBasev3.0,and the targeted mRNAs were predicted by miRDB,and Targetscan database.The univariate and multivariate analysis were utilized to identify independent prognostic indicators.RESULTS CDKN2A was frequently mutated and deleted in HCC.The single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that CDKN2A participated in cell cycle pathways.The CDKN2A-related ceRNA network-growth arrest specific 5(GAS5)/miR-25-3p/SRY-box transcription factor 11(SOX11)was successfully established.GAS5 was recognized as an independent prognostic biomarker,whose overexpression was correlated with a poor prognosis in HCC patients.The association between GAS5 expression and methylation,immune infilt-ration was explored.Besides,traditional Chinese medicine effective components targeting GAS5 were obtained.CONCLUSION This CDKN2A-related ceRNA network provides innovative insights into the molecular mechanism of HCC formation and progression.Moreover,GAS5 might be a significant prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in HCC.

Mechanism transformation of cyclohexene-thiophene competitive adsorption in FAU zeolite

Competition of hydrocarbon compounds with sulfides in gasoline has caused a not very high selectivity of sulfides in adsorption desulfurization so far,resulting in a reduction of catalyst lifetime as well as more sulfur oxide emissions.Tostudy the whole competitive process changing with the increase of the loading,the dynamic competition adsorption mechanism of cyclohexene and thiophene in siliceous faujasite(FAU)zeolite was analyzed by the Monte Carlo simulation.The results showed that with the increase of the loading,thiophene and cyclohexene had different performances before and after the inflection point of 40 molecule/UC.The adsorbates were distributed ideally at optimal sites during the stage that occurred before the inflection point,which is called the“optimal-displacement adsorption”stage.When approaching the inflection point,the competition became apparent and the displacement appeared accordingly,some thiophene molecules at S sites(refers to the sites inside the supercages)were displaced by cyclohexene.After the inflection point,the concentration of adsorbates at W sites(refers to the 12-membered ring connecting the supercages)was significantly reduced,whereas the adsorbates at S sites got more concentrated.The stage some cyclohexene molecules displaced by thiophene and inserted into the center of the supercage can be named as the“insertion-displacement adsorption”stage,and both the adsorption behavior and the competitive relationship became localized when the adsorption amount became saturated.This shift in the competitive adsorption mechanism was due to the sharp increase of interaction energy between the adsorbates.Besides,the increase in temperature and ratio of Si/Al will allow the adsorbates,especially thiophene molecules to occupy more adsorption sites,and it is beneficial to improve the desulfurization selectivity.

Machining Parameters Optimization of Multi-Pass Face Milling Using a Chaotic Imperialist Competitive Algorithm with an Efficient Constraint-Handling Mechanism

The selection of machining parameters directly affects the production time,quality,cost,and other process performance measures for multi-pass milling.Optimization of machining parameters is of great significance.However,it is a nonlinear constrained optimization problem,which is very difficult to obtain satisfactory solutions by traditional optimization methods.A new optimization technique combined chaotic operator and imperialist competitive algorithm(ICA)is proposed to solve this problem.The ICA simulates the competition between the empires.It is a population-based meta-heuristic algorithm for unconstrained optimization problems.Imperialist development operator based on chaotic sequence is introduced to improve the local search of ICA,while constraints handling mechanism is introduced and an imperialist-colony transformation policy is established.The improved ICA is called chaotic imperialist competitive algorithm(CICA).A case study of optimizing machining parameters for multi-pass face milling operations is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.The case is to optimize parameters such as speed,feed,and depth of cut in each pass have yielded a minimum total product ion cost.The depth of cut of optimal strategy obtained by CICA are 4 mm,3 mm,1 mm for rough cutting pass 1,rough cutting pass 1 and finish cutting pass,respectively.The cost for each pass are$0.5366 US,$0.4473 US and$0.3738 US.The optimal solution of CICA for various strategies with at=8 mm is$1.3576 US.The results obtained with the proposed schemes are better than those of previous work.This shows the superior performance of CICA in solving such problems.Finally,optimization of cutting strategy when the width of workpiece no smaller than the diameter of cutter is discussed.Conclusion can be drawn that larger tool diameter and row spacing should be chosen to increase cutting efficiency.

The Research on Competitive Technology Alliance Innovation Risk Formation Mechanism: A Resource-based and Capability-based View

Enterprises engaging in collaboration with competitors can increase their technological diversity and release a new product innovation, but also full of challenges. This complexity of co-opetition relationship requirements academia and enterprises to clarify the problem of competitive technology alliance risk formation mechanism, making the risk control to dispose. Based on the perspective of resources and capabilities, this paper firstly puts forward the double helix model of alliances＇ evolution on resources and capabilities ; then, with the deepe- ning of the cooperation, this evolutionary process leads to different innovation risk： opportunism, R and D inte- gration risk and flexible loss risk; next, analyzing the corresponding management path and constructing the conceptual framework of risk management mechanism to help enterprise using the co-opetition relationship to reduce risk and improve the potential competitive advantage.

Enabling dendrite-free charging for lithium batteries based on transport-reaction competition mechanism in CHAIN framework

Worldwide trends in mobile electrification will skyrocket demands for lithium-based battery production,driven by the popularity of electric vehicles.However,both lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries face severe safety issues due to dendrite nucleation and growth process.Li deposition is significantly influenced by interfacial factors and charging conditions.In this paper,an electrochemical model considering the internal and external factors is proposed based on Monte Carlo method.The influence of internal solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)porosity,thickness and the external conditions on dendrite growth process is systematically described.The simulation results support that the three factors investigated in this model could synergistically regulate the dendrite growth process.Three competition mechanisms are proposed to tailor lithium deposition for Li-based batteries and numerical solutions for variation pattern of dendrite growth with time are fitted.A three-step process describing kinetic process of lithium deposition is proposed.To achieve dendrite-free charging process,charging strategies and emerging materials design should be considered,including physicochemical materials engineering,artificial SEI,and design for dynamic safety boundary.This work could contribute to the foundation for insights of Li deposition mechanism,which is promising to provide guidelines for next-generation high-energy-density and safe batteries in CHAIN framework.

Competition vs cooperation:renewable energy investment under cap-and-trade mechanisms

This paper explores the incentives of investment in renewable energy of two utility firms who compete or cooperate under either a cap-and-trade grandfathering mechanism(GM)or benchmarking mechanism(BM).We find that utility firms will invest in renewable energy more under BM than under GM,in both competitive and cooperative markets,and they will invest more in a competitive market than in a cooperative market,under either GM or BM.Furthermore,utility firms will produce more electricity and generate more total carbon emissions under BM than under GM.The profits of two firms,however,are higher in cooperative market than in competitive market.The government will benefit from implementing a BM to encourage utility firms to invest in renewable energy in a competing market.

Strategies for Applying the Talented Personnel Competition Mechanism in the Commercial Age

With the increasingly fiercer talented personnel competition, the introduction of a talented personnel competition mechanism has become imperative in the commercial age. In this paper, the necessities of introducing a talented personnel competition mechanism are analyzed, and then the guiding ideology and principles of the talented personnel competition mechanism are proposed, and finally the application strategies of the talented personnel competition mechanism are discussed

Mechanism of Competition between Nutlin3 and p53 for Binding with Mdm2

The tumour suppressor p53 is a transcription factor that regulates multiple biological functions including metabolism, DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and senescence. About half of human cancers show a normal TP53 gene and aberrant overexpression of Mdm2. This fact promotes a promising cancer therapeutic strategy by inhibiting the interactions between p53 and Mdm2. Various inhibitors have been designed to achieve this novel approach for cancer therapy. However, the detailed competition mechanism between these inhibitors and the p53 molecule in their binding process to Mdm2 is still unclear. We investigate this competition mechanism between Nutlin3 and p53 using molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that Nutlin3 binds faster than the p53 molecule to Mdm2 to prevent p53 binding to Mdm2 when Nutlin3 and p53 have equal distance from Mdm2. Nutlin3 can also bind to the p53-Mdm2 complex to disturb and weaken the interactions between p53 and Mdm2. Consequently, p53 cannot bind to Mdm2 and its tumour suppression function is reactivated. These results provide the detailed competition mechanism between Nutlin3 and p53 in their binding to Mdm2. Because the binding site of most other inhibitors to Mdm2 is the same as Nutlin3, therefore this competition mechanism can extend to most inhibitors which target the p53-Mdm2 interaction.

Does Environmental Regulation Weaken Industrial Competitiveness?Inspirations from China’s Iron and Steel Sector

China＇s economic growth is heavily influenced by exports, while reconciling environmental regulation and economic growth requires handling the relationship between environmental regulation and industrial competitiveness well. The effects of environmental regulation on industrial competitiveness are largely subject to the institutional design of environmental regulation. Despite numerous studies on the relationship between environmental regulation and industrial competitiveness, a consensus has yet to be reached. Aside from differences in research methodology, these studies failed to give sufficient consideration to the impact of environmental regulation on industrial competitiveness. Such effects can be negative or positive depending on the design of environmental regulatory policy. This paper has investigated the relationship between environmental regulation and the competitiveness of China＇s iron and steel industry and discovered that tighter environmental regulation does not diminish the competitiveness of the iron and steel industry since the policy design of environmental regulation accommodates the tolerance of advanced production capacity and includes a reasonable cost sharing mechanism. This discovery is of important reference for China to develop rational policy design to balance the relationship between environmental regulation and industrial competitiveness.

Preparation of Fe3O4-octadecyltrichlorosilane for Removal of Methyl Orange and Methylene Blue:Influence of p H and Ionic Strength on Competitive Adsorption

Fe3O4-octadecyltrichlorosilane（Fe3O4-OTS）was synthesized and used to remove dyes in a competitive system.Fe3O4-OTS was prepared by slow hydrolysis of OTS in cyclohexane on the surface of Fe3O4obtained through coprecipitation method.Scanning electron microscope（SEM）,energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS）,and contact angle analyzer（CA）were used to analyze the properties of Fe3O4-OTS.Methyl orange（MO）and methylene blue（MB）were selected as model molecules to study the influence mechanism of p H and ionic strength on competitive adsorption.The results of EDS and CA indicated that Fe3O4 was modified successfully with OTS on the surface.Silicon appeared and carbon content increased obviously on the surface of adsorbent.Contact angle of adsorbent increased from 0~o to 107~o after being modified by OTS.Fe3O4-OTS showed good separation for MO and MB in competitive system,which has potential to separate dyes in sewage.Separation factor（β~OB）changed from 18.724 to 0.017,when p H changed from 7 to 12,revealing that MO and MB could be separated almost thoroughly by Fe3O4-OTS.p H could change the surface charge of Fe3O4-OTS and structure of dyes,and thus change the interactions of competitive system indirectly.Even though hydrophobic interaction was enhanced,ionic strength reduced the difference of electrostatic interaction between dyes and Fe3O4-OTS.So it is unfavorable to separate dyes with opposite charges when ionic strength increases.These findings may provide theoretical guidances to separate two-component dye pollutants.

Game Theory Study on Distributors' Alliance to Gain Competitive Advantage in Marketing Channel

Using the Cournot Game Model, this paper has analyzed the motivation of the distributors' alliance to gain competitive advantage in marketing channel. At first, this paper separately analyzed the advantage of alliance in the situation of oneshort game and infinitely repeated game, then, based on the analysis of distributors' betrayal of the alliance under infinitely repeated game, the conditions to maintain the distributors alliance are put forward and discussed.

基于中学物理竞赛的拔尖创新人才选拔机制研究

我国的中学学科竞赛活动,是引导和培养具备科学家潜质的青少年群体的重要途径。40年来,中学物理竞赛促进了一大批学生科学素养的提升,促进了中学物理师资队伍建设和教育教学改进,也取得了优异的国际奥赛成绩,有利于拔尖创新人才选拔和培养。但在实践中也存在功利性强、竞赛教练资源缺乏、竞赛发展水平区域差异巨大、奥赛成绩辉煌但拔尖创新人才仍显不足等问题。为提升我国拔尖创新人才自主培养能力,促进高质量教育体系建设,应将物理竞赛对拔尖创新人才的选拔与激发学生学习兴趣相结合,保持选拔工具的科学性和有效性,重视拔尖创新人才的非认知能力培养,发挥竞赛对常规教学的促进作用,完善竞赛的体制机制建设。

高校创新创业教育“赛创融合”评价机制构建

普通高校创新创业教育具有综合性、实践性、创造性等显著特征,既是大学生学习效能提高的重要途径与方法,同时也是中国式现代化建设人才所应具备的核心素养和关键能力的终极性表达。“赛创融合”是提升创新创业教育实施质量的重要路径,也是构建其长效激励机制的有效手段。化结果导向型为过程激励型的评价改革,是促进这一激励机制长效化的关键。高校和教师在“赛创融合”中不仅要能够甄别大学生在创新创业教育中的学习缺陷,还要为学生提供更好的学习指导,将大学生创新创业教育落实落细落长远,最终实现学生终身学习能力的培养。通过开发设计用于过程激励型评价的奖励函数,并以问卷获得学生状态的转移概率矩阵,基于最大化学生可能获得奖励的方式进行仿真,修正和改进评价指标,能够实现创新创业教育长效激励机制严密科学可操作,提升其过程激励型评价效能。

公平竞争审查制度地方实施激励机制研究

公平竞争审查制度地方实施激励机制能够激发地方政策制定机关的积极性,促进社会效益的整体提升。在公平竞争审查制度的地方实施中,应当引入物质性和非物质性激励的双重促进作用。将激励机制引入公平竞争审查制度地方实施中具有正当性,平衡论和外部性理论提供理论依据,既有法律制度和实施需求提供适用基础。当前的公平竞争审查制度地方实施激励机制不完善,表现为制度设计中的激励机制形同虚设,制度实践中的低效现象也较为普遍化。这主要是由自我审查模式的局限性、对惩罚机制的路径依赖、央地协调中存在的治理逻辑差异、地方发展中固有的“唯GDP”观念共同作用所致。健全公平竞争审查地方实施激励机制,应当遵循央地共建的思路,重点将制度实施成效纳入地方官员的考评体系。同时,设置具有针对性的激励方式、重视能力激励、增强激励工作的规范性,切实维护激励措施的落地实施。

中国竞技体育职业化风险因子与溶解机制研究

运用文献资料等研究方法,对中国竞技体育职业化国家社会背景深入分析,梳理出我国竞技体育职业化实质为:以运动项目为导向的渐进式改革;行政干预下的国家逻辑;机制转变存在内源性与复杂性。其过程中存在的风险因子有:政府与市场互为掣肘,改革矛盾凸显;赛事水平低迷,管理营销落后;市场追名逐利,利己之风盛行;青训体制滞后,后备人才缺乏;法律制度缺失,监督管理困难。基此提出中国竞技体育职业化风险因子溶解机制:简政放权,破除行政壁垒;注重人才,强化自身建设;管控市场,推进良性发展;分工配合,完善梯队体系;强化监管,健全法律制度。

基于“岗课赛证创”五位一体的校企协同金课建设机制研究

建设金课是职业教育“课堂革命”的应有之义,而“岗课赛证创”融通的育人模式则是金课建设的必由之路。基于“岗课赛证创”融通逻辑,梳理“岗课赛证创”五要素在课程建设中的内在关系,揭示职业教育金课课程体系先进性、课程标准高阶性、课程目标创新性、人才评价实效性的内涵;从校企双主体角度构建“岗课赛证创”融通的金课建设机制。通过以岗定课、以赛定标、以创促学、以证促评实现人才培养与需求对接,课程标准与大赛标准匹配,专业教学与双创教育融合,职业证书考核与人才评价融通,最终实现岗位、大赛、双创、证书融入金课五位一体。

数字人文类开放数据竞赛价值共创的过程模型及机理研究

开放共享数据是构建数据生态体系的重要途径。数字人文类开放数据竞赛能够促进文化数字化成果转化与全民共享。本研究基于服务生态系统视角,采用探索性案例研究方法,获取四届上海图书馆开放数据竞赛案例数据,分析竞赛行动者间价值共创的过程及内在机理。研究发现,数字人文类开放数据竞赛价值共创产生的新兴价值包括历史价值、经济价值、经验价值、社交价值、文化价值和社会价值。共创过程模型包含价值共识、价值共生、价值共融和价值共传。通过隐性价值主张与显性产品价值的循环转化,构成连续、动态的价值共创螺旋。竞赛的价值产出随生态系统不断扩展,呈现持续增长的趋势。本研究补充了从服务生态系统视角对价值共创过程及机理的现象学研究,并为数字人文开放创新信息实践提供了建议。

欧美碳关税对我国的挑战及对策探究——基于“碳边境调节机制”与“清洁竞争法案”的比较

简要阐述了欧盟“碳边境调节机制”与美国“清洁竞争法案”的发展历程及现状,并对两者进行了比较。欧美碳关税的实施将对我国的贸易体系产生一定的冲击。在“双碳”目标的指引下,我国政府和企业应该积极应对:主动开展国际交流合作、坚决抵制单边贸易保护,发展低碳技术、大力降低碳含量,增加碳排放成本、提升碳减排效率,加强碳足迹管理、构建产品碳排放核算体系,锚定“双碳”目标,坚定不移走绿色低碳的高质量发展道路。

数字经济发展对区域创新效率的影响机制研究——基于对外贸易和市场竞争的实证分析

数字赋能千行百业高质量发展,数字经济已成为中国全面建设社会主义现代化国家的重要引擎。基于2011—2020年中国省级面板数据,构建固定效应、中介效应和调节效应模型,从区域层面研究数字经济发展提升创新效率的影响机制。研究发现:当创新效率为被解释变量时,数字经济发展水平的回归系数显著为正,但东部、中部和西部地区的数字经济发展对创新效率的作用效果存在差异;对外贸易具有良好的中介效应,数字经济发展可以有效推动中国对外贸易来提升创新效率;市场竞争具有良好的调节效应,说明市场竞争程度越低的区域,数字经济发展对其创新效率的作用程度越高。