Significant wave height forecasts integrating ensemble empirical mode decomposition with sequence-to-sequence model

As wave height is an important parameter in marine climate measurement,its accurate prediction is crucial in ocean engineering.It also plays an important role in marine disaster early warning and ship design,etc.However,challenges in the large demand for computing resources and the improvement of accuracy are currently encountered.To resolve the above mentioned problems,sequence-to-sequence deep learning model(Seq-to-Seq)is applied to intelligently explore the internal law between the continuous wave height data output by the model,so as to realize fast and accurate predictions on wave height data.Simultaneously,ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD)is adopted to reduce the non-stationarity of wave height data and solve the problem of modal aliasing caused by empirical mode decomposition(EMD),and then improves the prediction accuracy.A significant wave height forecast method integrating EEMD with the Seq-to-Seq model(EEMD-Seq-to-Seq)is proposed in this paper,and the prediction models under different time spans are established.Compared with the long short-term memory model,the novel method demonstrates increased continuity for long-term prediction and reduces prediction errors.The experiments of wave height prediction on four buoys show that the EEMD-Seq-to-Seq algorithm effectively improves the prediction accuracy in short-term(3-h,6-h,12-h and 24-h forecast horizon)and long-term(48-h and 72-h forecast horizon)predictions.

Effective forecast of Northeast Pacific sea surface temperature based on a complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition–support vector machine method

The sea surface temperature （SST） has substantial impacts on the climate; however, due to its highly nonlinear nature, evidently non-periodic and strongly stochastic properties, it is rather difficult to predict SST. Here, the authors combine the complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition （CEEMD） and support vector machine （SVM） methods to predict SST. Extensive tests from several different aspects are presented to validate the effectiveness of the CEEMD-SVM method. The results suggest that the new method works well in forecasting Northeast Pacific SST at a 12-month lead time, with an average absolute error of approximately 0.3℃ and a correlation coefficient of 0.85. Moreover, no spring predictability barrier is observed in our experiments.

Pressure fluctuation signal analysis of pump based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition method

Pressure fluctuations, which are inevitable in the operation of pumps, have a strong non-stationary characteristic and contain a great deal of important information representing the operation conditions. With an axial-flow pump as an example, a new method for time-frequency analysis based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition （EEMD） method is proposed for research on the characteristics of pressure fluctuations. First, the pressure fluctuation signals are preprocessed with the empirical mode decomposition （EMD） method, and intrinsic mode functions （IMFs） are extracted. Second, the EEMD method is used to extract more precise decomposition results, and the number of iterations is determined according to the number of IMFs produced by the EMD method. Third, correlation coefficients between IMFs produced by the EMD and EEMD methods and the original signal are calculated, and the most sensitive IMFs are chosen to analyze the frequency spectrum. Finally, the operation conditions of the pump are identified with the frequency features. The results show that, compared with the EMD method, the EEMD method can improve the time-frequency resolution and extract main vibration components from pressure fluctuation signals.

A novel noise reduction technique for underwater acoustic signals based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise,minimum mean square variance criterion and least mean square adaptive filter

Underwater acoustic signal processing is one of the research hotspots in underwater acoustics.Noise reduction of underwater acoustic signals is the key to underwater acoustic signal processing.Owing to the complexity of marine environment and the particularity of underwater acoustic channel,noise reduction of underwater acoustic signals has always been a difficult challenge in the field of underwater acoustic signal processing.In order to solve the dilemma,we proposed a novel noise reduction technique for underwater acoustic signals based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(CEEMDAN),minimum mean square variance criterion(MMSVC) and least mean square adaptive filter(LMSAF).This noise reduction technique,named CEEMDAN-MMSVC-LMSAF,has three main advantages:(i) as an improved algorithm of empirical mode decomposition(EMD) and ensemble EMD(EEMD),CEEMDAN can better suppress mode mixing,and can avoid selecting the number of decomposition in variational mode decomposition(VMD);(ii) MMSVC can identify noisy intrinsic mode function(IMF),and can avoid selecting thresholds of different permutation entropies;(iii) for noise reduction of noisy IMFs,LMSAF overcomes the selection of deco mposition number and basis function for wavelet noise reduction.Firstly,CEEMDAN decomposes the original signal into IMFs,which can be divided into noisy IMFs and real IMFs.Then,MMSVC and LMSAF are used to detect identify noisy IMFs and remove noise components from noisy IMFs.Finally,both denoised noisy IMFs and real IMFs are reconstructed and the final denoised signal is obtained.Compared with other noise reduction techniques,the validity of CEEMDAN-MMSVC-LMSAF can be proved by the analysis of simulation signals and real underwater acoustic signals,which has the better noise reduction effect and has practical application value.CEEMDAN-MMSVC-LMSAF also provides a reliable basis for the detection,feature extraction,classification and recognition of underwater acoustic signals.

Study on the Improvement of the Application of Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise in Hydrology Based on RBFNN Data Extension Technology

The complex nonlinear and non-stationary features exhibited in hydrologic sequences make hydrological analysis and forecasting difficult.Currently,some hydrologists employ the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(CEEMDAN)method,a new time-frequency analysis method based on the empirical mode decomposition(EMD)algorithm,to decompose non-stationary raw data in order to obtain relatively stationary components for further study.However,the endpoint effect in CEEMDAN is often neglected,which can lead to decomposition errors that reduce the accuracy of the research results.In this study,we processed an original runoff sequence using the radial basis function neural network(RBFNN)technique to obtain the extension sequence before utilizing CEEMDAN decomposition.Then,we compared the decomposition results of the original sequence,RBFNN extension sequence,and standard sequence to investigate the influence of the endpoint effect and RBFNN extension on the CEEMDAN method.The results indicated that the RBFNN extension technique effectively reduced the error of medium and low frequency components caused by the endpoint effect.At both ends of the components,the extension sequence more accurately reflected the true fluctuation characteristics and variation trends.These advances are of great significance to the subsequent study of hydrology.Therefore,the CEEMDAN method,combined with an appropriate extension of the original runoff series,can more precisely determine multi-time scale characteristics,and provide a credible basis for the analysis of hydrologic time series and hydrological forecasting.

A method for extracting human gait series from accelerometer signals based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition

In this paper, the ensemble empirical mode decomposition （EEMD） is applied to analyse accelerometer signals collected during normal human walking. First, the self-adaptive feature of EEMD is utilised to decompose the ac- celerometer signals, thus sifting out several intrinsic mode functions （IMFs） at disparate scales. Then, gait series can be extracted through peak detection from the eigen IMF that best represents gait rhythmicity. Compared with the method based on the empirical mode decomposition （EMD）, the EEMD-based method has the following advantages： it remarkably improves the detection rate of peak values hidden in the original accelerometer signal, even when the signal is severely contaminated by the intermittent noises; this method effectively prevents the phenomenon of mode mixing found in the process of EMD. And a reasonable selection of parameters for the stop-filtering criteria can improve the calculation speed of the EEMD-based method. Meanwhile, the endpoint effect can be suppressed by using the auto regressive and moving average model to extend a short-time series in dual directions. The results suggest that EEMD is a powerful tool for extraction of gait rhythmicity and it also provides valuable clues for extracting eigen rhythm of other physiological signals.

An Enhanced Ensemble-Based Long Short-Term Memory Approach for Traffic Volume Prediction

With the advancement of artificial intelligence,traffic forecasting is gaining more and more interest in optimizing route planning and enhancing service quality.Traffic volume is an influential parameter for planning and operating traffic structures.This study proposed an improved ensemble-based deep learning method to solve traffic volume prediction problems.A set of optimal hyperparameters is also applied for the suggested approach to improve the performance of the learning process.The fusion of these methodologies aims to harness ensemble empirical mode decomposition’s capacity to discern complex traffic patterns and long short-term memory’s proficiency in learning temporal relationships.Firstly,a dataset for automatic vehicle identification is obtained and utilized in the preprocessing stage of the ensemble empirical mode decomposition model.The second aspect involves predicting traffic volume using the long short-term memory algorithm.Next,the study employs a trial-and-error approach to select a set of optimal hyperparameters,including the lookback window,the number of neurons in the hidden layers,and the gradient descent optimization.Finally,the fusion of the obtained results leads to a final traffic volume prediction.The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other benchmarks regarding various evaluation measures,including mean absolute error,root mean squared error,mean absolute percentage error,and R-squared.The achieved R-squared value reaches an impressive 98%,while the other evaluation indices surpass the competing.These findings highlight the accuracy of traffic pattern prediction.Consequently,this offers promising prospects for enhancing transportation management systems and urban infrastructure planning.

基于CEEMD-SE的CNN&LSTM-GRU短期风电功率预测

为进一步提升短期风电功率的预测精度,提出了一种基于互补集合经验模态分解-样本熵(complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition-sample entropy,CEEMD-SE)的卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)和长短期记忆-门控循环单元(longshorttermmemory-gatedrecurrentunit,LSTM-GRU)的短期风电功率预测模型。首先,利用互补集合经验模态分解将原始风电功率序列分解为若干本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF)分量和一个残差(residual,RES)分量,利用样本熵算法将相近的分量进行重构;其次,搭建卷积神经网络和长短期记忆网络的并行网络结构,提取数据的局部特征和时序特征,并将特征融合后输入门控循环单元网络中进行学习预测;最后,通过算例进行验证,结果表明采用该模型后预测精度得到了有效提升,其均方根误差降低了15.06%、平均绝对误差降低了15.22%、决定系数提高了1.91%。

基于CEEMD和统计参数的斜拉桥损伤识别方法研究

为解决仅使用互补集成经验模态分解(complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition,CEEMD)方法的斜拉桥信号分解存在含噪固有模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF)分量且不能进行损伤定量的问题,提出了一种基于CEEMD与统计参数方法相结合的斜拉桥损伤识别方法。该方法基于CEEMD方法对斜拉桥动力响应信号进行自适应性分解,确定适用的白噪声幅值标准差并推导CEEMD方法的集成次数,得到各阶IMF分量;采用欧氏距离对分解的IMF分量进行谱系聚类分析以避免模态混叠现象;采用峰度统计参数的有效权重峰度指标方法滤除含噪IMF分量,提取有效IMF分量并重构为有效IMF分量和;利用变异系数统计参数、二阶中心差分法和泰勒展开式推导损伤定位指标,根据四阶统计矩峰度统计参数推导损伤定量指标。用所提方法对某斜拉桥进行损伤识别研究,结果表明:仿真分析的损伤定位识别精度为100%,损伤定量最大误差为1.80%;在高斯白噪声干扰下,损伤定位不受影响,损伤定量最大误差为1.88%;进行实桥的损伤识别,结果表明实桥主梁无损伤。

CEEMD-FastICA-CWT联合瞬态响应阶次的电驱总成噪声源识别

以某增程式电驱动总成为研究对象,提出基于联合算法的噪声分离识别模型。首先,采用互补集合经验模态分解(complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition,CEEMD)联合快速独立分量分析(fast independent component analysis,FastICA)方法提取纯电模式稳态工况下单一通道噪声信号特征,利用复Morlet小波变换及FFT对各分量信号时频特性进行识别。其次,采用阶次分析法和声能叠加法对稳态分量信号对应的各瞬态响应阶次能量进行对比分析,并结合皮尔逊积矩相关系数(Pearson product moment correlation coefficient,PPMCC)相似性识别确定不同噪声激励源贡献度。结果表明:减速齿副啮合噪声对该增程式电驱总成纯电模式运行噪声整体贡献度最大。

一种灰色关联分析优化ICEEMDAN的VP倾斜仪信号降噪模型

VP倾斜仪固体潮信号受仪器监测复杂环境限制,多含有大量环境噪声。为获得真实固体潮曲线,提出一种基于灰色关联分析优化改进的自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(ICEEMDAN)VP倾斜仪信号降噪模型(GRA-ICEEMDAN)。该方法首先将含噪信号进行ICCEMDAN处理,得到若干个固有模态函数(IMF),并依次排列与标记;然后基于这些IMF分别计算相关系数、互信息、R^(2)、Adj-R^(2)、MSE、SSE、RMSE、MAE、MAPE、样本熵等10个评价指标值,构建IMF可信度评价指标矩阵;最后借助灰色关联分析(GRA)计算各评价指标与不同IMF之间的关联系数和关联度,依据关联度大小对各个IMF进行排序,将排名靠前的IMF进行线性重构,即可完成信号降噪。仿真去噪实验和实测去噪实验均表明,GRA-ICEEMDAN模型优于卡尔曼滤波、70阶低通FIR滤波、Savitzky-Golay等经典降噪模型,能显著区分噪声成分和有效成分,原始信号分解后的重构误差与信号损失极小,可推广至其他仪器的复杂信号降噪中。

基于PE-CEEMD-SVD的Φ-OTDR信号降噪方法

为实现相位敏感光时域反射仪中相位信号的精确测量,提出了一种基于排列熵算法的互补集合经验模态分解联合奇异值分解的新型降噪方法(PE-CEEMD-SVD)。首先,对含有噪声的相位信号进行CEEMD分解,得到一系列频率不同的IMF分量;然后,将PE算法和相关系数机制相结合,保留较大相关的有用分量,对较小相关的噪声分量使用SVD算法进行二次降噪;最后将两次降噪后保留下来的有用分量进行重构。仿真和实验结果表明,相较于EMD、EEMD和CEEMD降噪方法,该方法可获得更高信噪比的信号,有利于相位信号的精确测量。

CEEMDAN和盲源分离在轴承复合故障诊断中的应用

滚动轴承的复合故障信号中往往含有多个特征信息及背景噪声,为更高效实现故障信息的提取,提出一种基于具有自适应白噪声的完备集成经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)和盲源分离的滚动轴承复合故障特征提取方法。对实验所获取的故障数据进行CEEMDAN分解,得出一组固有模态函数(IMF),利用加权峭度因子选取其中有效IMF重构信号,再将重构的信号进行BSS分离。对分离出的信号做解调包络分析,从其解调谱中提取故障信号的特征频率。结果证明了此方法可以有效地分离轴承的内外圈故障,使故障特征更易被提取。

CEEMDAN-WPE-CLSA超短期风电功率预测方法研究

提出了一种结合自适应噪声完全集合经验模态分解、加权排列熵、卷积神经网络、长短期记忆网络和自注意力机制的超短期风电功率预测方法。首先,利用自适应噪声完全集合经验模态分解将原始风电功率时间序列自适应分解为一系列的模态分量,降低原始序列的非线性和波动性;其次,根据加权排列熵计算各模态分量间的相似性并对相似的分量进行重组,以修正自适应噪声完全集合经验模态分解的过度分解问题,使得修正后的模态分量更具规律性;最后,将重组后的分量输入卷积长短期记忆网络进行时序建模,并利用自注意力机制对卷积长短期记忆网络的神经元权重进行重新分配,提高了卷积长短期记忆网络对输入特征不确定性的适应能力。在此基础上,明确了自注意力机制和自适应噪声完全集合经验模态分解、加权排列熵在风电功率预测中的作用机制,以及风电功率信号包含的重要物理信息,证明了自适应噪声完全集合经验模态分解、加权排列熵以及自注意力机制在风电功率信号模态分解和长短期记忆网络隐层输出权重分配中的有效性。

CEEMDAN-SE-WT降噪方法在航空发动机燃油流量信号中的应用

燃油流量信号是反映发动机状态和计算飞机排放物排放量的重要信号,但飞机飞行过程中传感器采集信号时不可避免地会受到外界环境以及内部因素干扰。提出一种结合样本熵(sample entropy,SE)的完全自适应噪声集合经验模态分解(complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise,CEEMDAN)与小波变换(wavelet transform,WT)的联合降噪方法。首先使用CEEMDAN对燃油流量信号进行分解得到本征模态分量,利用样本熵筛选含噪分量,并用相关系数与方差贡献率进行复核。对于含噪分量使用小波阈值降噪进行处理。最后将未处理的模态分量和完成降噪的模态分量重构得到最终燃油流量信号。通过与其他方法比较,CEEMDAN-SE-WT方法拥有最高信噪比为85.287,降噪后燃油消耗总量与飞机总重变化最为接近,可以认为该方法较大程度保留了燃油流量信号中的有效特征,为后续计算民机排放物排放总量提供了良好的数据支持。

基于CEEMDAN-SBiGRU-OMHA的短期电力负荷预测

为了提高短期电力负荷预测的精准度,充分挖掘电力负荷数据的复杂相关性,提出了一种优化多头注意力机制的CEEMDAN-SBiGRU组合预测模型,改进了特征提取和特征融合两个模块.首先,采用自适应噪声完全集成经验模态分解(complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise,CEEMDAN)将电力负荷数据分解成多个内在模态函数(IMF)和一个残差信号(RES);同时引入降噪自编码器DAE挖掘数据中受气象因素、工作日类型和温度变化的潜在特征.其次,将提取到的复杂特征输入至堆叠双向门控循环单元(stacked bidirectional gated recurrent unit,SBiGRU)模块中继续学习,以获取隐藏状态.最后,将获取的隐藏状态输入至加入残差机制和层归一化优化的多头注意力(optimized multi-head attention,OMHA)机制模块,可以准确地给重要特征分配更高的权重,解决噪声干扰问题.实验结果表明,CEEMDAN-SBiGRU-OMHA组合模型具有更高的精确性.

基于CEEMDAN-VMD-PSO-LSTM模型的桥梁挠度预测

针对桥梁运行阶段的健康状态监测,构建了CEEMDAN-VMD-PSO-LSTM模型对桥梁挠度进行预测。该模型主要分为二次模态分解平稳化、粒子群优化(PSO)算法和长短期记忆(LSTM)网络预测三大模块,共有5个步骤:①利用自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)算法对桥梁原始挠度序列进行初次模态分解,分解为若干本征模态分解函数(IMF);②使用样本熵(SampEn/SE)计算各IMF分量的复杂度,并通过K-means聚类为高频、中频和低频3个IMF分量;③通过变分模态分解(VMD)算法对高频IMF分量进行二次模态分解;④分别对各个IMF分量通过PSO算法得出LSTM最优超参数组合;⑤将各最优超参数分别代入LSTM模型进行训练,并将各预测结果融合为最终的预测结果。结果表明:该预测方法具有最高的预测精度,为智慧桥梁的安全监测监控提供了新的技术方法。

Missing interpolation model for wind power data based on the improved CEEMDAN method and generative adversarial interpolation network

Randomness and fluctuations in wind power output may cause changes in important parameters(e.g.,grid frequency and voltage),which in turn affect the stable operation of a power system.However,owing to external factors(such as weather),there are often various anomalies in wind power data,such as missing numerical values and unreasonable data.This significantly affects the accuracy of wind power generation predictions and operational decisions.Therefore,developing and applying reliable wind power interpolation methods is important for promoting the sustainable development of the wind power industry.In this study,the causes of abnormal data in wind power generation were first analyzed from a practical perspective.Second,an improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(ICEEMDAN)method with a generative adversarial interpolation network(GAIN)network was proposed to preprocess wind power generation and interpolate missing wind power generation sub-components.Finally,a complete wind power generation time series was reconstructed.Compared to traditional methods,the proposed ICEEMDAN-GAIN combination interpolation model has a higher interpolation accuracy and can effectively reduce the error impact caused by wind power generation sequence fluctuations.

基于CEEMDAN-AsyHyperBand-MultiTCN的短期风电功率预测

为减少风电功率短期预测误差,提高风电利用效率,提出一种基于经验模态分解和异步超参数优化的多层时间卷积网络(CEEMDAN-AsyHyperBand-MultiTCN)的短期风电功率预测方法。首先,确定序列分量的数量,并使用自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)对原始风电功率进行分解,构成训练数据集。其次,使用深度残差级联(DRnet)构建多层的时间卷积网络(TCN),并使用AsyHyperband算法对序列分量模型进行超参数寻优。最后,对序列分量分别进行预测,重构预测结果得到预测值。实验表明,该文提出的方法相比于其他方法能有效降低风电功率预测误差。

基于CEEMD-BiLSTM-RFR的短期光伏功率预测

由于短期光伏预测中气象因素的时间尺度不同,直接分析其对光伏功率的相关性,易忽略时间尺度的影响,进而导致预测模型误差。为提高光伏功率预测精度,构建了预测模型。首先,利用互补集合经验模态分解(complementary empirical mode decomposition,CEEMD)将光伏序列进行分解,得到在不同时间尺度上的光伏分量;然后,通过Pearson相关系数分析各光伏分量与空气温度、太阳辐射度、风速、风向和空气湿度的关系,对于强相关分量建立关于气象因素的随机森林回归(random forest regression,RFR)预测模型,弱相关分量直接通过双向长短期记忆网络(bidirectional long short-term memory neural network,BiLSTM)进行预测;并将预测求和输出。通过安徽省蚌埠市光伏电站7月实测数据进行验证,实验结果表明,所提预测模型CEEMD-BiLSTM-RFR相比传统预测模型有较好的预测精度。