Due to acute problems caused by fossil fuels that threaten the environment, conducting research on other types of energy carriers that are clean and renewable is of great importance. Since in the past few years hydrog...Due to acute problems caused by fossil fuels that threaten the environment, conducting research on other types of energy carriers that are clean and renewable is of great importance. Since in the past few years hydrogen has been introduced as the future fuel, the aim of this study is to evaluate wind and solar energy potentials in prone areas of Iran by the Weibull distribution function (WDF) and the Angstrom-Prescott (AP) equation for hydrogen production. To this end, the meteorological data of solar radiation and wind speed recorded at 10 m height in the time interval of 3 h in a five-year period have been used. The findings indicate that Manjil and Zahedan with yearly wind and solar energy densities of 6004 (kWh/m2) and 2247 0cWh/m2), respectively, have the greatest amount of energy among the other cities. After examining three different types of commercial wind turbines and photovoltaic (PV) systems, it becomes clear that by utilizing one set of Gamesa G47 turbine, 91 kg/d of hydrogen, which provides energy for 91 car/week, can be produced in Manjil and will save about 1347 L of gasoline in the week. Besides, by installing one thousand sets of X21-345 PV systems in Zahedan, 20 kg/d of hydrogen, enough for 20 cars per week, can be generated and 296 L of gasoline can be saved. Finally, the RETScreen software is used to calculate the annual CO2 emission reduction after replacing gasoline with the produced hydrogen.展开更多
In this paper,we present five basic types of renewable energy sources,namely:wind turbines,solar cells,small hydroelectric plants,biomass,and geothermal sources of energy.Wind turbines transform energy of wind into el...In this paper,we present five basic types of renewable energy sources,namely:wind turbines,solar cells,small hydroelectric plants,biomass,and geothermal sources of energy.Wind turbines transform energy of wind into electrical energy,solar cells transform energy of sun into electric energy,hydroelectric plants transform energy of water into electric energy,devices or machines can be constructed to transform energy of biomass into heat energy,and geothermal energy into some form of energy.In this paper we present basic information and reasons why there is need today to use these forms of energy—called green energies,we present how these devices or machines function,and we propose for future work design of typical devices or machines that will satisfy basic functional needs.展开更多
As an energy storage medium,hydrogen has drawn the attention of research institutions and industry over the past decade,motivated in part by developments in renewable energy,which have led to unused surplus wind and p...As an energy storage medium,hydrogen has drawn the attention of research institutions and industry over the past decade,motivated in part by developments in renewable energy,which have led to unused surplus wind and photovoltaic power.Hydrogen production from water electrolysis is a good option to make full use of the surplus renewable energy.Among various technologies for producing hydrogen,water electrolysis using electricity from renewable power sources shows greatpromise.To investigate the prospects of water electrolysis for hydrogen production,this review compares different water electrolysis processes,i.e.,alkaline water electrolysis,proton exchange membrane water electrolysis,solid oxide water electrolysis,and alkaline anion exchange membrane water electrolysis.The ion transfer mechanisms,operating characteristics,energy consumption,and industrial products of different water electrolysis apparatus are introduced in this review.Prospects for new water electrolysis technologies are discussed.展开更多
文摘Due to acute problems caused by fossil fuels that threaten the environment, conducting research on other types of energy carriers that are clean and renewable is of great importance. Since in the past few years hydrogen has been introduced as the future fuel, the aim of this study is to evaluate wind and solar energy potentials in prone areas of Iran by the Weibull distribution function (WDF) and the Angstrom-Prescott (AP) equation for hydrogen production. To this end, the meteorological data of solar radiation and wind speed recorded at 10 m height in the time interval of 3 h in a five-year period have been used. The findings indicate that Manjil and Zahedan with yearly wind and solar energy densities of 6004 (kWh/m2) and 2247 0cWh/m2), respectively, have the greatest amount of energy among the other cities. After examining three different types of commercial wind turbines and photovoltaic (PV) systems, it becomes clear that by utilizing one set of Gamesa G47 turbine, 91 kg/d of hydrogen, which provides energy for 91 car/week, can be produced in Manjil and will save about 1347 L of gasoline in the week. Besides, by installing one thousand sets of X21-345 PV systems in Zahedan, 20 kg/d of hydrogen, enough for 20 cars per week, can be generated and 296 L of gasoline can be saved. Finally, the RETScreen software is used to calculate the annual CO2 emission reduction after replacing gasoline with the produced hydrogen.
文摘In this paper,we present five basic types of renewable energy sources,namely:wind turbines,solar cells,small hydroelectric plants,biomass,and geothermal sources of energy.Wind turbines transform energy of wind into electrical energy,solar cells transform energy of sun into electric energy,hydroelectric plants transform energy of water into electric energy,devices or machines can be constructed to transform energy of biomass into heat energy,and geothermal energy into some form of energy.In this paper we present basic information and reasons why there is need today to use these forms of energy—called green energies,we present how these devices or machines function,and we propose for future work design of typical devices or machines that will satisfy basic functional needs.
基金supported by the Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1664259)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91434106)+1 种基金 the State Grid Fund (SGTYHT/15-JS-193)the Beijing municipal science and technology commission project (Z171100002017024)~~
文摘As an energy storage medium,hydrogen has drawn the attention of research institutions and industry over the past decade,motivated in part by developments in renewable energy,which have led to unused surplus wind and photovoltaic power.Hydrogen production from water electrolysis is a good option to make full use of the surplus renewable energy.Among various technologies for producing hydrogen,water electrolysis using electricity from renewable power sources shows greatpromise.To investigate the prospects of water electrolysis for hydrogen production,this review compares different water electrolysis processes,i.e.,alkaline water electrolysis,proton exchange membrane water electrolysis,solid oxide water electrolysis,and alkaline anion exchange membrane water electrolysis.The ion transfer mechanisms,operating characteristics,energy consumption,and industrial products of different water electrolysis apparatus are introduced in this review.Prospects for new water electrolysis technologies are discussed.
