Research on characters of surrounding rock in complex geology conditions and supporting time

The methods combined by test, field monitoring and theoretical analysis were adopted to do the systemic research on the rock mass from micro-structure to macro-deformation, and rheological model of Jinchuan rock mass was established to discuss the reasonable supporting time. Resuhs show that supporting after suitable stress and displacement release can benefit for the long-term stability of surrounding rock.

Determination of the early Paleozoic accretionary complex in Southwestern Yunnan, China: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean

Accretionary complex study provides important knowledge on the subduction and the geodynamic processes of the oceanic plate,which represents the ancient ocean basin extinction location.Nevertheless,there exist many disputes on the age,material source,and tectonic attribute of the Lancang Group,located in Southwest Yunnan,China.In this paper,the LA-ICP-MS detrital zircon U‒Pb chronology of nine metamorphic rocks in the Lancang Group was carried out.The U‒Pb ages of the three detrital zircons mainly range from 590-550 Ma,980-910 Ma,and 1150-1490 Ma,with the youngest detrital zircons having a peak age of about 560 Ma.The U‒Pb ages of the six detrital zircons mainly range from 440-460 Ma and 980-910 Ma,and the youngest detrital zircon has a peak age of about 445 Ma.In the Lancang Group,metamorphic acidic volcanic rocks,basic volcanic rocks,intermediate-acid intrusive rocks,and high-pressure metamorphic rocks are exposed in the form of tectonic lens in schist,rendering typical melange structural characteristics of“block+matrix”.Considering regional deformation and chronology,material composition characteristics,and the previous data,this study thinks the Lancang Group may be an early Paleozoic tectonic accretionary complex formed by the eastward subduction of the Changning-Menglian Proto-Tethys Ocean,which provides an important constraint for the Tethys evolution.

Modularized and Parametric Modeling Technology for Finite Element Simulations of Underground Engineering under Complicated Geological Conditions

The surrounding geological conditions and supporting structures of underground engineering are often updated during construction,and these updates require repeated numerical modeling.To improve the numerical modeling efficiency of underground engineering,a modularized and parametric modeling cloud server is developed by using Python codes.The basic framework of the cloud server is as follows:input the modeling parameters into the web platform,implement Rhino software and FLAC3D software to model and run simulations in the cloud server,and return the simulation results to the web platform.The modeling program can automatically generate instructions that can run the modeling process in Rhino based on the input modeling parameters.The main modules of the modeling program include modeling the 3D geological structures,the underground engineering structures,and the supporting structures as well as meshing the geometric models.In particular,various cross-sections of underground caverns are crafted as parametricmodules in themodeling program.Themodularized and parametric modeling program is used for a finite element simulation of the underground powerhouse of the Shuangjiangkou Hydropower Station.This complicatedmodel is rapidly generated for the simulation,and the simulation results are reasonable.Thus,this modularized and parametric modeling program is applicable for three-dimensional finite element simulations and analyses.

Exploration of Geotechnical Engineering Investigation under Complex Topographical and Geological Conditions

This paper will explore the geotechnical engineering investigation technology under the complex topographical and geological conditions,and introduce how to construct the water supply tube wells faster and better under the complex topographical and geological conditions by taking Inner Mongolia as an example,so as to provide reference for the relevant professionals.

Geologic relationships and mineralization of peralkaline/alkaline granite-syenite of the Zargat Na’am ring complex, Southeastern Desert, Egypt

The Zargat Na’am ring complex crops out 90 km NW of Shalatin City in the Southeastern Desert of Egypt. The ring complex forms a prominent ridge standing high above the surrounding mafic-ultramafic hills. It is cut by two sets of joints and faults which strike predominantly NNW-SSE and E-W, and is injected by dikes, porphyritic alkaline syenites, and felsite porphyries. It consists of alkali syenites, alkali quartz syenites, and peralkaline arfvedsonite-bearing granitic and pegmatitic dikes and sills. The complex is characterized locally by extreme enrichments in REEs, wolframite and rare, high field strength metals (HFSM), such as Zr and Nb. The highest concentrations ({1.5} wt% Zr, {0.25} wt% Nb, {0.6} wt% ∑REEs) occur in aegirine-albite aplites that formed around arfvedsonite pegmatites. Quartz-hosted melt inclusions in arfvedsonite granite and pegmatite provide unequivocal evidence that the peralkaline compositions and rare metal enrichments are primary magmatic features. Glass inclusions in quartz crystals also have high concentrations of incompatible trace elements including Nb (750×10+{-6}), Zr (2500×10+{-6}) and REEs (1450×10+{-6}). The REEs, Nb and Zr compositions of the aegirine-albite aplites plot along the same linear enrichment trends as the melt inclusions, and Y/Ho ratios mostly display unfractionated, near-chondritic values. The chemical and textural features of the aegirine-albite aplites are apparently resultant from rapid crystallization after volatile loss from a residual peralkaline granitic melt similar in composition to the melt inclusions.

A new understanding of Demala Group complex in Chayu Area, southeastern Qinghai- Tibet Plateau: Evidence from zircon U-Pb and mica ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar dating

The Chayu area is located at the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.This region was considered to be in the southeastward extension of the Lhasa Block,bounded by Nujiang suture zone in the north and Yarlung Zangbo suture zone in the south.The Demala Group complex,a set of high-grade metamorphic gneisses widely distributed in the Chayu area,is known as the Precambrian metamorphic basement of the Lhasa Block in the area.According to field-based investigations and microstructure analysis,the Demala Group complex is considered to mainly consist of banded biotite plagiogneisses,biotite quartzofeldspathic gneiss,granitic gneiss,amphibolite,mica schist,and quartz schist,with many leucogranite veins.The zircon U-Pb ages of two granitic gneiss samples are 205±1 Ma and 218±1 Ma,respectively,representing the ages of their protoliths.The zircons from two biotite plagiogneisses samples show core-rim structures.The U-Pb ages of the cores are mainly 644–446 Ma,1213–865 Ma,and 1780–1400 Ma,reflecting the age characteristics of clastic zircons during sedimentation of the original rocks.The U-Pb ages of the rims are from 203±2 Ma to 190±1 Ma,which represent the age of metamorphism.The zircon U-Pb ages of one sample taken from the leucogranite veins that cut through granitic gneiss foliation range from 24 Ma to 22 Ma,interpreted as the age of the anatexis in the Demala Group complex.Biotite and muscovite separates were selected from the granitic gneiss,banded gneiss,and leucogranite veins for 40Ar/39Ar dating.The plateau ages of three muscovite samples are 16.56±0.21 Ma,16.90±0.21 Ma,and 23.40±0.31 Ma,and the plateau ages of four biotite samples are 16.70±0.24 Ma,16.14±0.19 Ma,15.88±0.20 Ma,and 14.39±0.20 Ma.The mica Ar-Ar ages can reveal the exhumation and cooling history of the Demala Group complex.Combined with the previous research results of the Demala Group complex,the authors refer that the Demala Group complex should be a set of metamorphic complex.The complex includes not only Precambrian basement metamorphic rock series,but also Paleozoic sedimentary rock and Mesozoic granitic rock.Based on the deformation characteristics,the authors concluded that two stages of the metamorphism and deformation can be revealed in the Demala Group complex since the Mesozoic,namely Late Triassic-Early Jurassic(203–190 Ma)and Oligocene–Miocene(24–14 Ma).The early stage of metamorphism(ranging from 203–190 Ma)was related to the Late Triassic tectono-magmatism in the area.The anatexis and uplifting-exhumation of the later stage(24–14 Ma)were related to the shearing of the Jiali strike-slip fault zone.The Miocene structures are response to the large-scale southeastward escape of crustal materials and block rotation in Southeast Tibet after India-Eurasia collision.

Yampa River-Colorado River Drainage Divide Origin Determined from Topographic Map Evidence, Southern Routt County, Colorado, USA

Detailed topographic map evidence and a new Cenozoic geologic and glacial history paradigm are used to determine the previously unexplained Yampa River-Colorado River drainage divide origin. The Yampa River now flows in a north direction away from the Colorado River (between the Park Range to the east and the Flat Tops region to the west) before turning in a west direction to reach the Unita Mountains where it joins the south-oriented Green River, which eventually joins the southwest-oriented Colorado River. Topographic maps show the Yampa-Colorado River drainage divide is asymmetric with steeper slopes leading to the Colorado River, barbed (south-oriented) tributaries leading to north-oriented Yampa River headwaters (especially near the Yampa River turn to the west), and evidence of a large north-to-south oriented diverging and converging channel complex that preceded present-day drainage routes. Map evidence is interpreted to mean massive south-oriented floods flowed through what are now north-oriented Yampa River headwaters valleys and that headward erosion of a deep west-oriented valley beheaded and reversed those south-oriented flood flow channels to create the north-oriented Yampa River headwaters and the Egeria Park area Yampa-Colorado River drainage divide seen today. Large south-oriented floods leading to the Colorado River (while regional uplift was occurring) are inconsistent with accepted Cenozoic geologic and glacial history paradigm predictions, but are predicted by a newly proposed Cenozoic geologic and glacial history paradigm in which a thick continental ice sheet created a deep “hole” by eroding underlying bedrock and also by causing crustal warping that raised the present-day northern Colorado east-west continental divide as immense south-oriented meltwater floods flowed across it.

Analysis and Prediction of Foundation Settlement of High-Rise Buildings under Complex Geological Conditions

Based on an example of a project in Tangshan, the high-rise buildings are built in karst area and mined out affected area which is treated by high pressure grouting, and foundation is adopted the form of pile raft foundation. By long-term measured settlement of high-rise buildings, It is found that foundation settlement is linear increase with the increase of load before the building is roof-sealed, and the settlement increases slowly after the building is roof-sealed, and the curve tends to converge, and the foundation consolidation is completed. The settlement of the foundation is about 80% - 84% of the total settlement before the building is roof-sealed.Three layer BP neural network model is used to predict the settlement in the karst area and mined affected area.Compared with the measured data, the relative difference of the prediction is 0.91% - 2.08% in the karst area, and is 0.95% - 2.11% in mined affected area. The prediction results of high precision can meet the engineering requirements.

Geological and Geochemical Evidence for Discriminating Anatectic and Subsolidus Migmatites in the Dabieshan Complex,Northeastern Hubei Province

Based on the geological and geochemical information about migmatites, the followinglines of evidence have been proposed for discriminating the anatectic leucosome in the DabieshanComplex: (1) its width is larger than that derived from the subsolidus genesis, cutting acrossregional foliation, thus giving rise to complicated folds and wider selvages; (2) it is composedof melanic and accessory minerals in addition to quartz and feldspars; (3) the significant difference in anorthites of plagioclase between paleosome and leucosome; (4) temperature and pressure (P/T) conditions revealed by the mineral compositions and assemblages are over those forthe onset of anatexis; and (5) it is enriched in the major elements (e. g. AiZO3, FeZO3 andTiO2) and immobile and incompatible elements (e. g. LREE, Th, Hf and Zr). Finally, bycombining the geological and geochemical features with the statistical data for the spatial distribution of minerals and mass-balance in the migmatites, it is concluded that anatexis is the cardinal mechanism of migmatization in the Dabieshan Complex.

基于自适应速度趋势函数的约束层速度反演方法

论文研究了复杂构造区初始层速度约束反演问题。首先得出初始层速度模型的精度对偏移速度建模的质量和迭代稳定尤为重要,常规方法在构造复杂区使初始速度模型产生的误差易导致最终偏移速度模型地质意义失真、真实构造特征掩盖等问题。提升初始速度模型与地下地质特征的匹配和精度成为关键。基于此,论文提出了基于自适应速度趋势函数的约束层速度反演方法。在常规方法的基础上,利用复相关法在时间域剖面上获得地质构造的连续性与变化,并将其作为构造响应算子形成针对性的影响域和权重融入速度趋势函数中,使该函数自适应地质构造特征,提升初始速度模型的精度。再通过对基准速度和速度趋势对深度的梯度进行样条拟合,构建趋势函数的全局高频异常约束,有效预防在构造突变区产生异常高频,进一步增强算法的稳健和可靠性。理论模型和实际数据的测试,验证了本文方法的有效性,反演得到的层速度模型更符合地质规律,并能更好地解决构造复杂区层速度模型的连续性问题,有利于提高复杂构造叠前深度偏移成像精度。

北京市南水北调配套工程调蓄工程勘察关键技术

北京市南水北调配套工程调蓄工程是北京市“26213”供水格局的重要组成部分,工程分布于北京市西、北、南不同地区,场地建设环境条件复杂,地层结构分布及组合多样,水文地质条件复杂,工程建设面临诸多地质问题及难题。工程勘察成果全面、涉及面广、涵盖工程勘察综合类的全专业领域,完成专业全面的技术成果文件与研究报告60余册,发表学术论文50余篇,取得七大方面技术创新、30余个技术创新点。勘察总体工作思路、技术路线、研发的创新技术、利用的先进手段等方面具有实践推广价值,特别是对城市复杂地质环境条件下建设城市供水调蓄工程具有借鉴作用。

龙门山双复杂区表层结构调查方法研究

龙门山山前带地表地质条件复杂,浅表层速度及厚度差异大,给激发、接收和静校正等工作带来较大困难。表层调查工作直接影响到地下介质成像效果。为使该地区进行的地震勘探攻关能够获取准确的静校正量数据,给井深设计提供依据,研究适合该区域的表层调查方法,结合地质剖面、浅震、小层析、地面微测井、钻井取心、高密度电法、三分量共振表层调查方法的工作原理,分别应用不同方法做比对,分析了不同调查方法的应用效果。通过不同表层调查的比对,分析了不同方法的适用范围,为该区选择合适的表层调查方法及方法参数选取提供依据,同时为其他地表复杂区域进行表层调查提供参考。

粤北贵东岩体及外围花岗岩地质特征对比及其意义

前人对贵东复式岩体的研究多集中在单个岩体上,而未能对整个岩体地质特征、成矿因素等进行全面对比分析。本文为进一步研究粤北贵东岩体及其外围花岗岩体的铀成矿差异的原因,通过对贵东岩体及其外围花岗岩体的地质特征、岩浆演化期次、矿物学特征及地球化学特征等方面进行系统研究分析。研究结果表明:在岩浆演化过程中,岩浆结晶粒度的变化,反映在矿物成分上含量上,主要表现为石英含量逐渐增加,斜长石含量逐渐减少,并且中长石逐渐被钠长石取代,黑云母被白云母替换而含量降低;贵东岩体中西部与东部花岗岩相比,角闪石、斜长石的含量偏大,自变质和交代蚀变较弱,东部花岗岩的矿物组成中基本不含角闪石,斜长石的含量总体上偏低,自变质和交代蚀变较强;地球化学特征表明西-中部岩体属亚碱弱过铝质的花岗岩体,东部及外围属亚碱弱过铝质-过铝质的花岗岩体,说明西-中部岩体在形成过程中可能有少量幔源组分的加入,认为其并非同源物质不同程度部分熔融产物,而是不同源区物质经部分熔融形成。

深孔钻进技术方法的探究和思索

矿产资源对人类生存和发展而言是重要的物质基础,矿业在我国产业经济中处于“上游”地位,对社会产业链有极大影响,如何利用好现有技术方法且不断突破传统观念的束缚,是我们地质工作者探求新知识的内在要求与核心动力。钻探施工属于隐蔽性工程,钻遇的地层岩性具有很大的不确定性,“三难”问题不同程度的制约了钻探施工生产。

复杂地质体三维数值模型构建研究

对于复杂地质体三维数值模型构建困难的问题,基于AutoCAD、SURPAC、ANSYS、FLAC^(3D)等软件进行了建模。首先利用工程地形地质图,在AutoCAD中进行地形等高线处理,以获得地表等高线;其次,利用钻孔柱状图等原始资料通过SURPAC构建钻孔模型,生成不同岩层数字地面模型(DTM),同时利用地表等高线生成地表DTM;再次,建立有规律的钻孔网格点模型,利用钻孔与DTM相交获得相交网格点坐标,在ANSYS中导入网格点坐标,建立有限元网格模型;最后通过接口程序将其导入FLAC^(3D),建立了三维数值模型。以山西朔州某煤矿为工程实例,利用该方法构建三维数值模型,并对其进行了煤层开采后地表位移数值模拟,为复杂地质体三维数值模型的构建提供了借鉴。

基于地质环境分析的复杂山区道路防护工程设计

以复杂山区道路防护工程设计为研究对象,通过对地质环境的深入分析,结合工程地质学和地质工程力学理论,对山区道路在地质灾害作用下的稳定性和安全性进行了系统的评估。以地质勘测数据和现场调查结果为依据,提出了地质灾害预警系统、坡面防护结构设计、路基稳定性改善方案等针对性防护措施。通过数值模拟和实地测试验证,为复杂山区道路安全运行提供了科学和可行的技术保障,确保了工程设计的可靠性和实用性。

连山关地区铀矿地质钻探技术优化

由于连山关地区存在着地层复杂、岩石胶结松散、水敏性强等诸多不利因素,钻探施工中存在钻孔漏失、掉块卡钻以及坍塌埋钻等问题,导致钻孔报废,降低了铀矿地质钻探施工的经济效益。为了解决以上问题,以ZK93-1孔钻为对象,针对铀矿地质地层特性以及常用设备、泥浆等存在的不利因素,对钻孔设备进行优化,选用CSD-1800A型全液压动力头钻机、HQ绳索取心钻具,并配备镦粗钻杆的NQ绳索取心钻具,提高了钻进效率及安全性,也降低了劳动强度;选用成膜防塌无固相冲洗液,有效降低钻孔偏斜,保证了岩矿心采取率,降低了施工成本,为类似地质条件地区的钻探工作提供参考依据。

胰腺癌多学科协作诊疗模式的发展及协和经验

胰腺癌是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤,早期诊断困难及缺乏有效的治疗手段是胰腺癌预后不良的主要原因。近年来,多学科协作诊疗(multidisciplinary treatment,MDT)成为突破胰腺癌诊治瓶颈、改善临床预后的重要手段。在为患者提供优质诊疗服务的基础上,该诊疗模式有助于专科医师临床诊治水平的提升和高素质复合型医学人才的培养,同时兼顾临床科研入组和优质病例资源共享,并推动创新药物及新型诊疗技术的临床应用,对增加医院核心竞争力具有良好促进作用。本文就我国胰腺癌MDT模式的起源、发展现状、存在的不足进行回顾与总结,并对未来发展进行展望,以期为国内外同行提供参考和借鉴。

青海上庄含碳酸岩杂岩体的地球化学特征及其地质意义

青海上庄杂岩体为磷、铁、稀土矿化岩体,且磷矿石是磷肥生产的重要材料。上庄杂岩体包括超镁铁质岩、碱性正长岩和碳酸岩,碳酸岩主要为方解石碳酸岩,次为白云石碳酸岩,前人对辉石岩进行了详细的研究,然而,辉石岩-正长岩-碳酸岩整体的岩石成因和矿化机制还不清楚。文章开展了岩相学、全岩主微量元素、C-O-Sr-Nd同位素的研究。岩相学研究表明,岩石形成顺序为辉石岩-正长岩-碳酸岩。方解石碳酸岩的Sr、Ba含量分别为10928.13×10^(-6)、14293.18×10^(-6),δ^(13)C值为-4.72‰,表明其为火成碳酸岩。辉石岩-正长岩-碳酸岩杂岩体富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Sr、Ba,高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf亏损,相似的微量元素配分型式及Sr-Nd同位素特征表明杂岩体具有共同的地幔源区,该地幔源区曾被俯冲物质交代而富集。研究表明,上庄偏碱性辉石岩-碱性正长岩-碳酸岩杂岩体形成于俯冲向伸展环境转变的构造体制,幔源偏碱性碳酸质基性岩浆由于镁铁质矿物及磷灰石结晶形成Fe-P-REE富集的单斜辉石岩,残余熔体成分向长英质端元分异,形成正长岩,随后碳酸岩熔体可能由不混溶作用产生,形成碳酸岩,碳酸岩出溶的流体对正长岩交代可能是交代正长岩具较高稀土含量的原因。