Remote Sensing Image Fusion Using Bidimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition and the Least Squares Theory

Due to the data acquired by most optical earth observation satellite such as IKONOS, QuickBird-2 and GF-1 consist of a panchromatic image with high spatial resolution and multiple multispectral images with low spatial resolution. Many image fusion techniques have been developed to produce high resolution multispectral image. Considering panchromatic image and multispectral images contain the same spatial information with different accuracy, using the least square theory could estimate optimal spatial information. Compared with previous spatial details injection mode, this mode is more accurate and robust. In this paper, an image fusion method using Bidimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition (BEMD) and the least square theory is proposed to merge multispectral images and panchromatic image. After multi-spectral images were transformed from RGB space into IHS space, next I component and Panchromatic are decomposed by BEMD, then using the least squares theory to evaluate optimal spatial information and inject spatial information, finally completing fusion through inverse BEMD and inverse intensity-hue-saturation transform. Two data sets are used to evaluate the proposed fusion method, GF-1 images and QuickBird-2 images. The fusion images were evaluated visually and statistically. The evaluation results show the method proposed in this paper achieves the best performance compared with the conventional method.

A novel oil spill detection method from synthetic aperture radar imageries via a bidimensional empirical mode decomposition

Oil spills pose a major threat to ocean ecosystems and their health. Synthetic aperture radar（SAR） sensors can detect oil spills on the sea surface. These oil spills appear as dark spots in SAR images. However, dark formations can be caused by a number of phenomena. It is aimed to distinguishing oil spills or look-alike objects. A novel method based on a bidimensional empirical mode decomposition is proposed. The selected dark formations are first decomposed into several bidimensional intrinsic mode functions and the residue. Subsequently, 64 dimension feature sets are calculated using the Hilbert spectral analysis and five new features are extracted with a relief algorithm. Mahalanobis distances are then used for classification. Three data sets containing oil spills or look-alikes are used to test the accuracy rate of the method. The accuracy rate is more than 90%. The experimental results demonstrate that the novel method can detect oil spills validly and accurately.

Feature Layer Fusion of Linear Features and Empirical Mode Decomposition of Human EMG Signal

To explore the influence of the fusion of different features on recognition,this paper took the electromyography(EMG)signals of rectus femoris under different motions(walk,step,ramp,squat,and sitting)as samples,linear features(time-domain features(variance(VAR)and root mean square(RMS)),frequency-domain features(mean frequency(MF)and mean power frequency(MPF)),and nonlinear features(empirical mode decomposition(EMD))of the samples were extracted.Two feature fusion algorithms,the series splicing method and complex vector method,were designed,which were verified by a double hidden layer(BP)error back propagation neural network.Results show that with the increase of the types and complexity of feature fusions,the recognition rate of the EMG signal to actions is gradually improved.When the EMG signal is used in the series splicing method,the recognition rate of time-domain+frequency-domain+empirical mode decomposition(TD+FD+EMD)splicing is the highest,and the average recognition rate is 92.32%.And this rate is raised to 96.1%by using the complex vector method,and the variance of the BP system is also reduced.

Relative vibration identification of cutter and workpiece based on improved bidimensional empirical mode decomposition

In the process of cutting,the relative vibration between the cutter and the workpiece has an important effect on the surface topography.In this study,the bidimensional empirical mode decomposition(BEMD)method is used to identify such effect.According to Riesz transform theory,a type of isotropic monogenic signal is proposed.The boundary data is extended on the basis of a similarity principle that deals with serious boundary effect problem.The decomposition examples show that the improved BEMD can effectively solve the problem of boundary effect and decompose the original machined surface topography at multiple scales.The characteristic surface topography representing the relative vibration between the cutter and the workpiece through feature identification is selected.In addition,the spatial spectrum analysis of the extracted profile is carried out.The decimal part of the frequency ratio that has an important effect on the shape of the contour can be accurately identified through contour extraction and spatial spectrum analysis.The decomposition results of simulation and experimental surface morphology demonstrate the validity of the improved BEMD algorithm in realizing the relative vibration identification between the cutter and the workpiece.

A fusion algorithm for remote sensing images based on nonsubsampled pyramids and bidimensional empirical decomposition

In order to improve the quality of remote sensing image fusion,a new method combining nonsubsampled Laplacian pyramid (NLP)and bidimensional empirical mode decomposition(BEMD)is proposed.First,the high resolution panchromatic image (PAN)is decomposed using NLP until the approximate component and the low resolution multispectral image(MS)contain features with a similar scale.Then,the approximation component and the MS are decomposed by BEMD,resulting in a number of bidimensional intrinsic mode functions(BIMF)and a residue respectively.The instantaneous frequency is computed in 4 directions of the BIMFs.Considering the positive or negative coefficients in the corresponding position,a weighted algorithm is designed for fusing the high frequency details using the instantaneous frequency and the coefficient absolute value of the BIMFs as fusion feature.The fused image is then obtained through inverse BEMD and NLP.Experimental results have illustrated the advantage of this method over the IHS,DWT andà-Trous wavelet in both spectral and spatial detail qualities.

结合局部邻域特性和C-BEMD的图像融合方法

针对基于二维经验模态分解(BEMD)图像融合方法的不足,提出一种结合局部邻域特性和可协调二维经验模态分解(C-BEMD)的图像融合方法.为了克服BEMD应用于图像融合时存在的内蕴模函数(IMF)个数和频率不匹配问题,通过固定迭代次数和协调操作提出了适合图像融合的C-BEMD算法;然后利用C-BEMD对源图像进行分解获得IMF分量和残差分量,同时对IMF分量采用基于局部邻域能量的选择与加权平均策略,而对残差分量则采用基于局部邻域可见度的融合规则;最后将融合后的IMF分量与残差分量进行叠加,得到融合后的图像.融合仿真结果表明,该方法对于多聚焦图像、遥感图像和医学图像均可获得视觉效果佳、细节信息丰富的融合图像,优于基于行列交叉的经验模态分解和复数经验模态分解的图像融合方法.

复杂多变工况下高铁轮对轴承故障识别研究

为提升复杂多变工况下轴承故障识别精度,研究了高铁轮对轴承故障识别方法。复杂多变工况下的轮对轴承振动信号经集合经验模态分解后,获得多个IMF分量及剩余分量,计算各分量的排列熵,以此为初始特征集,将朴素贝叶斯算法和最大均值差异(FSBD)方法相结合筛选有效特征,进行源域深度迁移自编码器训练,将输出参数作为目标域深度迁移自编码器的初始参数,检测目标域特征子集,输出故障识别结果。实验结果表明:该方法可实现轮对轴承振动信号的分解,完成初始特征FSI值的计算,选取特征数为150时,轮对轴承故障识别效果最突出,识别精度达到98.5%。

基于CEEMDAN-LZC和SOA-ELM的管道信号识别

针对管道信号特征提取困难,从而影响分类精度的问题,提出了一种将信号处理和智能算法相结合的管道信号检测方法。首先,利用CEEMDAN(Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise)对信号分解,对分解获得的固有模态(IMFs:Intrinsic Mode Functions)使用相关系数法获取有效的模态分量并进行信号重构;其次,计算重构信号的Lempel-Ziv复杂度和裕度作为特征参数;最后,将获取的特征参数输入到海鸥优化算法(SOA:Seagull Optimization Algorithm)优化后的极限学习机(ELM:Extreme Learning Machine)进行分类,并用实验室数据进行验证。实验结果表明,与常规极限学习机(ELM)和遗传算法优化后的极限学习机GA-ELM(Extreme Learning Machine Optimized by Genetic Algorithm)相比,SOA-ELM模型能有效的识别管道信号类型,且具有较高的识别率和较快的诊断速度。

基于二维经验模态分解的河北省及邻区流动重力场时空动态变化分析

搜集河北省及邻区2010—2019年20期的流动重力观测数据和绝对重力观测数据,利用二维经验模态分解方法获取河北省及邻区范围内(110°E~120°E,36°N~42°N)不同尺度、不同场源深度下的分解结果,并结合该时间段内M≥4.0震例进行回溯性检验。结果表明,当半年时间尺度与一年时间尺度下的1阶、2阶固有模态函数结果出现正-负重力高值差异或四象限异常变化时,在异常变化中心200km范围内存在2年内发生M 4.0以上中强地震的可能。该结论可为河北省及邻区后续震情分析和研判提供参考。

Refined Spatialization of 10-Day Precipitation in China Based on GPM IMERG Data and Terrain Decomposition Using the BEMD Algorithm

Continuous high spatial-resolution 10-day precipitation data are essential for crop growth services and phenological research.In this study,we first use the bidimensional empirical mode decomposition(BEMD)algorithm to decompose the digital elevation model(DEM)data and obtain high-frequency(OR3),intermediate-frequency(OR5),and low-frequency(OR8)margin terrains.Then,we propose a refined precipitation spatialization model,which uses ground-based meteorological observation data,integrated multi-satellite retrievals for global precipitation measurement(GPM IMERG)satellite precipitation products,DEM data,terrain decomposition data,prevailing precipitation direction(PPD)data,and other multisource data,to construct China's high-resolution 10-day precipitation data from2001 to 2018.The decomposition results show mountainous terrain from fine to coarse scales;and the influences of altitude,slope,and aspect on precipitation are better represented in the model after topography is decomposed.Moreover,terrain decomposition data can be added to the model simulation to improve the quality of the simulation product;the simulation quality of the model in summer is better than that in spring and autumn,and is relatively poor in winter;and OR5 and OR8 can be improved in the simulation,with better OR5 and OR8 dynamically selected.In addition,preprocessing the data before precipitation spatialization is particularly important.For example,adding 0.01to the 0 value of precipitation,multiplying the small value of precipitation less than 1 by 10,and performing the normal distributions transform(e.g.,Yeo–Johnson)on the data can improve the simulation quality.

基于暗原色先验的图像去雾算法

为了减小大气退化现象对可见光成像系统的影响,提出一种优化和改进了的暗原色先验图像去雾算法。该算法从大气退化模型出发,通过自适应分块和中值滤波,得到细化的暗原色图像;利用自适应二维经验模式分解得到照度分量,进而采用低通滤波估计平滑的大气光图像;基于图像的稀疏先验知识,在softmatting下得到细化的大气传输函数图像;并对图像进行视觉色彩校正。最后利用主观和客观的方法对实验结果进行了评价,实验结果表明了算法的有效性。

基于BEMD的电力设备红外与可见光图像的配准研究

电力设备的红外图像和可见光图像从不同角度反映了设备的状态,对它们进行配准可以提高在线监测的准确性。将2维经验模态分解(BEMD)方法引入到电力设备的红外与可见光图像配准中。通过理论分析得出了基于BEMD的图像配准原理,把图像的配准问题转化成了BEMD分解后子图像的配准问题,并确定了原始图像、趋势图像及2维仿射变换在配准中的关系;基于此原理提出了一种红外与可见光图像配准方法。实验结果表明该方法可取得良好的配准效果,同时也验证了该配准原理的正确性和方法的先进性。

二维经验模态分解在工程表面形貌误差评定中的应用

针对目前表面微观形貌面形误差分离方法中存在边界畸变及自适应差等缺点,提出了将具有自适应时频分辨能力的二维经验模态分解算法(bidimensional empirical mode decomposition,BEMD)应用于三维工程表面面型误差分离中,同时用Riesz变换构造单演信号,计算信号整体的频率特征,完成对二维经验模态分解算法的终止准则的改进,使其能严格按照ISO4287所规定的截止波长分离三维表面各频段形貌误差。仿真结果表明,本文新方法相比于国标ISO中高斯滤波以及常用小波滤波,在分离三维工程粗糙表面各面型误差时,所得分离图形效果远优于传统方法所得,且各频段误差对应的三维评定参数误差均小于5%。最后对光学镀膜元件实例进行分析,结果表明该算法能够很好地分离各形貌误差的的空间信息,所得参数评定基准面相对传统方法不存在边界畸变等问题,因此该方法在实际工程表面评定应用中具有可行性。

二维EMD分解方法的比较与改进

该文给出了二维经验模态分解(BEMD)的实现方法,针对实现二维EMD的两种常用插值方式?三角剖分插值和径向基函数插值,通过理论和计算实践分析比较了两种插值方式的速度、视觉效果等,提出两种方法相结合的BEMD实现方法。同时,针对径向基函数插值方式提出了一种快速方法。该方法避免了求解大型线性方程组以及大矩阵的产生,较好地降低了时间和空间复杂度,提高了计算速度。实验结果证明了该方法的可行性和优越性。

基于自适应特性二维经验模式分解的Retinex彩色图像增强

提出一种彩色图像自适应增强方法:将图像从RGB色彩空间转化到HSV色彩空间并保持H分量不变,对亮度分量V通过自适应特性二维经验模式分解(ABEMD)估算其照度分量,再根据中心/环绕Retinex算法计算出反射分量,对照度和反射分量分别应用Gamma校正和Weber定律,并进行加权运算,基于全局特性自适应地调整S分量,并将图像从HSV色彩空间转化回RGB色彩空间。最后利用主观和客观的方法对实验结果进行了评价,实验表明了该算法在均值、方差、信息熵和清晰度方面均优于MSR算法和Meylan的算法。

基于经验模态分解的低信噪比探地雷达数据处理

阐述经验模态分解原理及复信号分析理论,着重讨论EMD分解应满足的条件及具体分解过程。应用EMD方法对单道GPR数据及GPR正演加噪剖面分别进行分解,得到从高至低不同频率范围的本征模态函数GPR图。然后,以湖南长沙黑麋峰抽水蓄能电站进厂交通隧洞实测GPR剖面为例,首先对该剖面进行EMD分解去除部分噪声,再利用Hilbert变换求取GPR剖面复信号,并提取瞬时振幅、瞬时相位、瞬时频率3个参数,绘制出相互独立的瞬时参数剖面图。研究结果表明:EMD分解对于低信噪比GPR数据具有较强的适应性,把EMD分解应用于含噪的雷达信号,并结合GPR复信号分析技术得到的"三瞬"信息,避免了使用单一时距剖面分析所造成的解释偏差,可以较好地实现对低信噪比GPR数据的噪声去除,突出雷达剖面中异常体特征,达到提高GPR信号分析效果及解释精度的目的。

基于改进双树复小波变换的轴承多故障诊断

针对双树复小波变换产生频率混叠的缺陷,提出了改进双树复小波变换的轴承多故障诊断方法,该方法综合利用了双树复小波包变换和经验模态分解技术。首先,利用双树复小波变换将振动信号分解成不同频带的分量;然后,将各小波分量进行经验模态分解,获得各小波分量的主频率分量信号;最后,计算各小波分量的主频率分量信号的包络谱,根据包络谱识别齿轮箱轴承的故障部位和类型。通过仿真信号和齿轮箱轴承多故障振动实验信号的研究结果表明,该方法不仅消除了频率混叠现象,提高了信噪比和频带选择的正确性,而且提高了从强噪声环境中提取瞬态冲击特征的能力,能有效识别轴承的故障类型。

F-X域复数经验模态分解去噪方法（英文）

F-X域经验模态分解去噪方法在处理非稳态地震数据时存在两个局限,一是单纯剔除第一个固有模态分量将导致有效信号缺失及去噪能力偏弱问题,二是分解复信号时对实部和虚部分别分解存在分解数目不一致的风险。本文对上述两个方面进行了改进,提出了一种新的F-X域投影法复数经验模态分解预测滤波方法,首先采用基于空间投影的复数经验模态分解将F-X域地震数据直接分解为不同的复固有模态分量,然后再对这些分量分别进行F-X域预测滤波。合成记录及实际资料测试表明,本文的新方法能更好地衰减随机噪声,更有效地保持地震信号。

基于经验模态分解提取纹理的图像融合算法

为了提升医学图像融合质量,采用了一种基于2维经验模态分解(BEMD)特征分类和复合型脉冲耦合神经网络的医学图像融合算法。首先将多模医学图像经过BEMD分解成2维内蕴模函数(BIMF)和残差项,然后分别将BIMF层和残差项值输入脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)中,得到各自的点火映射图,再将相同点火次数的像素提取归类,点火次数大的对应图像纹理,归为纹理类,其余归为背景类;统计各个纹理类集合中的像素极值确定灰度分布范围,最后将两幅图像中纹理类像素集合处于灰度分布范围的像素通过PCNN进行融合,其它像素通过双通道PCNN进行融合。结果表明,该算法解决了PCNN对偏暗图像的处理效果不理想的问题,与传统融合算法相比,性能具有优势,且能够较大幅度提高融合图像的质量。

基于二维HHT的隧道超前探测图像识别与检测

为有效分析隧道超前探测图像以避免灾害的发生,研究应用二维希尔伯特—黄变换(二维HHT)进行隧道超前探测图像的识别与检测。应用二维经验模态分解(BEMD)方法将隧道超前探测图像分解为不同频率的本征模态函数图(IMF)分量,去除含噪声的高频分量,得到重构后的新图像;再对新图像进行Hilbert变换,进而进行复信号分析,并求取图像的瞬时参数,突出图像特征。研究表明:二维HHT方法能较好地去除图像的噪声部分,并结合复信号分析所到的瞬时参数图,突出超前探测图像的异常体特征。