Approaches toward the sustainable development need integrated considerations of technical, economical, environmental/ecological and social issues. Current approaches from different disciplines can be grouped into at l...Approaches toward the sustainable development need integrated considerations of technical, economical, environmental/ecological and social issues. Current approaches from different disciplines can be grouped into at least three levels: micro-scale, meso-scale and macro-scale. At the micro-scale, green chemistry carries out chemical activities such as chemical design and synthesis so that environmentally benign chemicals can be synthesized without using and generating hazardous substances. Green engineering, at the meso-scale, develops green industrial processes or clean technologies via pollution prevention and cleaner production, which will cause minimal damages or dangers to the environment and ecosystems when the product is manufactured and used. Industrial ecology at the industrial complex or community level seeks to optimize energy and materials use and minimize waste generation in industrial systems or communities by promoting planned materials and energy exchanges. Incorporation of ecological principles with the life cycle thinking in the chemical pathway synthesis, product design, process development, and industrial system and community planning appears to be the most promising engineering approach in achieving sustainable industrial development.展开更多
Nowadays, the style of living that significantly depends on consumption of resources and over consumption patterns, tremendous increase in population, urbanization and industrialization resulted into generation of hug...Nowadays, the style of living that significantly depends on consumption of resources and over consumption patterns, tremendous increase in population, urbanization and industrialization resulted into generation of huge amounts of industrial wastes. Many environmental problems are facing industrial areas, especially in developing countries, due to poor industrial hazardous waste management. In order to reduce the effect of industrial waste on the environment and to reach sustainable development, countries have developed and reinforced several environmental protection laws and regulations. Yet, the waste disposals via incineration and/or landfilling according to cradle-to-grave concept require high capital, high running costs and are seen by industries as a barrier for further industrial development. Most importantly, disposals of waste deplete natural resources causing them to be unsustainable. Hence, various concepts and strategies have been suggested to promote industrial sustainability. The aim of this paper is to present different concepts and practices including Cradle-to-Cradle approach, Cleaner Production, Industrial Ecology, Eco-Industrial Park and Environmentally Balanced Industrial Complex described in literature that help develop a successful sustainable industrial community and reach zero pollution. These concepts are illustrated via case studies. Moreover, this paper tackles the challenges facing industrial areas in Egypt and emphasis on the imperative need for considering sustainable industrial community.展开更多
文摘Approaches toward the sustainable development need integrated considerations of technical, economical, environmental/ecological and social issues. Current approaches from different disciplines can be grouped into at least three levels: micro-scale, meso-scale and macro-scale. At the micro-scale, green chemistry carries out chemical activities such as chemical design and synthesis so that environmentally benign chemicals can be synthesized without using and generating hazardous substances. Green engineering, at the meso-scale, develops green industrial processes or clean technologies via pollution prevention and cleaner production, which will cause minimal damages or dangers to the environment and ecosystems when the product is manufactured and used. Industrial ecology at the industrial complex or community level seeks to optimize energy and materials use and minimize waste generation in industrial systems or communities by promoting planned materials and energy exchanges. Incorporation of ecological principles with the life cycle thinking in the chemical pathway synthesis, product design, process development, and industrial system and community planning appears to be the most promising engineering approach in achieving sustainable industrial development.
文摘Nowadays, the style of living that significantly depends on consumption of resources and over consumption patterns, tremendous increase in population, urbanization and industrialization resulted into generation of huge amounts of industrial wastes. Many environmental problems are facing industrial areas, especially in developing countries, due to poor industrial hazardous waste management. In order to reduce the effect of industrial waste on the environment and to reach sustainable development, countries have developed and reinforced several environmental protection laws and regulations. Yet, the waste disposals via incineration and/or landfilling according to cradle-to-grave concept require high capital, high running costs and are seen by industries as a barrier for further industrial development. Most importantly, disposals of waste deplete natural resources causing them to be unsustainable. Hence, various concepts and strategies have been suggested to promote industrial sustainability. The aim of this paper is to present different concepts and practices including Cradle-to-Cradle approach, Cleaner Production, Industrial Ecology, Eco-Industrial Park and Environmentally Balanced Industrial Complex described in literature that help develop a successful sustainable industrial community and reach zero pollution. These concepts are illustrated via case studies. Moreover, this paper tackles the challenges facing industrial areas in Egypt and emphasis on the imperative need for considering sustainable industrial community.
