Optimization of Fixture Number in Large Thin-Walled Parts Assembly Based on IPSO

There are lots of researches on fixture layout optimization for large thin-walled parts.Current researches focus on the positioning problem,i.e.,optimizing the positions of a constant number of fixtures.However,how to determine the number of fixtures is ignored.In most cases,the number of fixtures located on large thin-walled parts is determined based on engineering experience,which leads to huge fixture number and extra waste.Therefore,this paper constructs an optimization model to minimize the number of fixtures.The constraints are set in the optimization model to ensure that the part deformation is within the surface profile tolerance.In addition,the assembly gap between two parts is also controlled.To conduct the optimization,this paper develops an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)algorithm by integrating the shrinkage factor and adaptive inertia weight.In the algorithm,particles are encoded according to the fixture position.Each dimension of the particle is assigned to a sub-region by constraining the optional position range of each fixture to improve the optimization efficiency.Finally,a case study on ship curved panel assembly is provided to prove that our method can optimize the number of fixtures while meeting the assembly quality requirements.This research proposes a method to optimize the number of fixtures,which can reduce the number of fixtures and achieve deformation control at the same time.

Development of Fixture Layout Optimization for Thin-Walled Parts:A Review

An increasing number of researchers have researched fixture layout optimization for thin-walled part assembly during the past decades.However,few papers systematically review these researches.By analyzing existing literature,this paper summarizes the process of fixture layout optimization and the methods applied.The process of optimization is made up of optimization objective setting,assembly variation/deformation modeling,and fixture layout optimization.This paper makes a review of the fixture layout for thin-walled parts according to these three steps.First,two different kinds of optimization objectives are introduced.Researchers usually consider in-plane variations or out-of-plane deformations when designing objectives.Then,modeling methods for assembly variation and deformation are divided into two categories:Mechanism-based and data-based methods.Several common methods are discussed respectively.After that,optimization algorithms are reviewed systematically.There are two kinds of optimization algorithms:Traditional nonlinear programming and heuristic algorithms.Finally,discussions on the current situation are provided.The research direction of fixture layout optimization in the future is discussed from three aspects:Objective setting,improving modeling accuracy and optimization algorithms.Also,a new research point for fixture layout optimization is discussed.This paper systematically reviews the research on fixture layout optimization for thin-walled parts,and provides a reference for future research in this field.

Optimization of material removal strategy in milling of thin-walled parts

The optimal material removal strategy can improve a geometric accuracy and surface quality of thin-walled parts such as turbine blades and blisks in high-speed ball end milling.The dominant conception in the material removal represents the persistence of the workpiece cutting stiffness in operation to advance the machining accuracy and machining efficiency.On the basis of theoretical models of cutting stiffness and deformation,finite element method (FEM) is applied to calculate the virtual displacements of the thin-walled part under given virtual loads at the nodes of the discrete surface.With the reference of deformation distribution of the thin-walled part,the milling material removal strategy is optimized to make the best of bracing ability of still uncut material.This material removal method is summarized as the lower stiffness region removed firstly and the higher stiffness region removed next.Analytical and experimental results show the availability,which has been verified by the blade machining test in this work,for thin-walled parts to reduce cutting deformation and meliorate machining quality.

Initial residual stress experiment and simulation of thin-walled parts for layer removal method

Thin-walled parts have low stiffness characteristic. Initial residual stress of thin-walled blanks is an important influence factor on machining stability. The present work is to verify the feasibility of an initial residual stress measurement of layer removal method. According to initial residual stress experiment for casting ZL205 A aluminum alloy tapered thin-walled blank by a common method,namely hole-drilling method,three finite element models with initial residual stress are established to simulate the layer removal method in ABAQUS and ANSYS software. By analyzing the results of simulation and experiments,the cutting residual stress inlayer removal process has a significant effect on measurement results. Reducing cutting residual stress is helpful to improve accuracy of layer removal method.

High-efficiency forming processes for complex thin-walled titanium alloys components: state-of-the-art and perspectives

Complex thin-walled titanium alloy components play a key role in the aircraft,aerospace and marine industries,offering the advantages of reduced weight and increased thermal resistance.The geometrical complexity,dimensional accuracy and in-service properties are essential to fulfill the high-performance standards required in new transportation systems,which brings new challenges to titanium alloy forming technologies.Traditional forming processes,such as superplastic forming or hot pressing,cannot meet all demands of modern applications due to their limited properties,low productivity and high cost.This has encouraged industry and research groups to develop novel high-efficiency forming processes.Hot gas pressure forming and hot stamping-quenching technologies have been developed for the manufacture of tubular and panel components,and are believed to be the cut-edge processes guaranteeing dimensional accuracy,microstructure and mechanical properties.This article intends to provide a critical review of high-efficiency titanium alloy forming processes,concentrating on latest investigations of controlling dimensional accuracy,microstructure and properties.The advantages and limitations of individual forming process are comprehensively analyzed,through which,future research trends of high-efficiency forming are identified including trends in process integration,processing window design,full cycle and multi-objective optimization.This review aims to provide a guide for researchers and process designers on the manufacture of thin-walled titanium alloy components whilst achieving high dimensional accuracy and satisfying performance properties with high efficiency and low cost.

Deformation Analysis and Fixture Design of Thin-walled Cylinder in Drilling Process Based on TRIZ Theory

Thin-walled cylindrical workpiece is easy to deform during machining and clamping processes due to the insufficient rigidi.Moreover,it’s also difficult to ensure the perpendicularity of flange holes during drilling process.In this paper,the element birth and death technique is used to obtain the axial deformation of the hole through finite element simulation.The measured value of the perpendicularity of the hole was compared with the simulated value to verify then the rationality of the simulation model.To reduce the perpendicularity error of the hole in the drilling process,the theory of inventive principle solution(TRIZ)was used to analyze the drilling process of thin-walled cylinder,and the corresponding fixture was developed to adjust the supporting surface height adaptively.Three different fixture supporting layout schemes were used for numerical simulation of drilling process,and the maximum,average and standard deviation of the axial deformation of the flange holes and their maximum hole perpendicularity errors were comparatively analyzed,and the optimal arrangement was optimized.The results show that the proposed deformation control strategy can effectively improve the drilling deformation of thin-walled cylindrical workpiece,thereby significantly improving the machining quality of the parts.

Relative Varying Dynamics Based Whole Cutting Process Optimization for Thin‑walled Parts

Thin-walled parts are typically difficult-to-cut components due to the complex dynamics in cutting process.The dynamics is variant for part during machining,but invariant for machine tool.The variation of the relative dynamics results in the difference of cutting stage division and cutting parameter selection.This paper develops a novel method for whole cutting process optimization based on the relative varying dynamic characteristic of machining system.A new strategy to distinguish cutting stages depending on the dominated dynamics during machining process is proposed,and a thickness-dependent model to predict the dynamics of part is developed.Optimal cutting parameters change with stages,which can be divided by the critical thickness of part.Based on the dynamics comparison between machine tool and thickness-varying part,the critical thicknesses are predicted by an iterative algorithm.The proposed method is validated by the machining of three benchmarks.Good agreements have been obtained between prediction and experimental results in terms of stages identification,meanwhile,the optimized parameters perform well during the whole cutting process.

Elliptical vibration cutting of large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron by using diamond tool with active cutting edge shift

Large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron are crucial in aerospace,national defense,energy and precision physical experiments.However,the high machining accuracy and surface quality are difficult to achieve due to the serious tool wear and deformation when machining the parts with conventional cutting tools.In this paper,an elliptical vibration cutting(EVC)with active cutting edge shift(ACES)based on a long arbor vibration device is proposed for ultraprecision machining the pure iron parts by using diamond tool.Compared with cutting at a fixed cutting edge,the influence of ACES on the EVC was analyzed.Experiments in EVC of pure iron with ACES were conducted.The evolutions of the surface roughness,surface topography,and chip morphology with tool wear in EVC with ACES are revealed.The reasonable parameters of ultraprecision machining the pure iron parts by EVC with ACES were determined.It shows that the ACES has a slight influence on the machined surface roughness and surface topography.The diamond tool life can be significantly prolonged in EVC of pure iron with ACES than that with a fixed cutting edge,so that high profile accuracy and surface quality could be obtained even at higher nominal cutting speed.A typical thin-walled curved surface pure iron part with diameter φ240 mm,height 122 mm,and wall thickness 2 mm was fabricated by the presented method,and its profile error and surface roughness achieved PV 2.2μm and Ra less than 50 nm,respectively.

Debinding and sintering of warm compacted and binder-treated complex iron-base part

Regular elemental powders were used in warm flow compaction instead of the expensive micron-sized powders to fabricate cross-shaped parts. Debinding behaviors,sintering properties and shape consistency of the sintered parts were studied. Binder removal was accomplished by heating green compacts at intermediate temperatures with optimal heating rates until the debinding temperature was reached. Results show that by controlling debinding process,complex parts with good shape consistence can be obtained by warm compaction of binder-treated powder. Fine and shiny surface was obtained and no surface defect can be observed for sintered parts debinded at 2 ℃/min,while defect can be observed in sintered parts debinded at 4 ℃/min.

住宅部品生产商质量认证行为扩散研究

认证是提升住宅部品质量的有效手段,其扩散推广有利于住宅产业供给侧转型升级。为探究质量认证行为在住宅部品生产商间的扩散机理,本文引入复杂网络演化博弈理论构建了住宅部品质量认证扩散模型。通过数值仿真分析了市场导向和政府激励影响下质量认证行为在住宅部品生产商间的扩散过程。结果表明:消费者溢价、认证影响力与政府激励在一定范围内均可有效促进质量认证行为在住宅部品生产商间的正向扩散,其中生产商对消费者溢价的变化最为敏感。最后,通过分析住宅部品生产商质量认证行为扩散的演化特征,对质量认证在住宅部品生产领域的推广提出实质性对策与建议。研究从市场和政府两方面拓展了住宅部品生产商质量认证行为扩散的理论研究体系,促进了住宅高质量发展的理论实践。

复杂曲面零件的五轴数控加工技术研究

随着科技水平的不断提升,精密复杂曲面零件的应用越来越广泛。曲面驱动是复杂曲面零件加工的重要方法,驱动刀轨的规划直接关系到曲面物理特性的调控,应用五轴数控加工技术能够提升复杂曲面零件的加工质量。文章主要研究复杂曲面零件的五轴数控加工技术,以佛像这个复杂曲面零件为例,分析了曲面驱动刀轨规划、工装方案设计、加工策略以及试制加工过程。在实际加工过程中,技术人员应充分理解驱动刀轨规划思路与原理,在粗加工、精加工中完善刀轨设计,并进行试制加工。

基于误差修正的激光扫描复杂零件加工系统

针对降低复杂零件加工过程中的零件误差问题,设计基于误差修正的激光扫描复杂零件加工系统。以激光扫描为基础设计复杂零件加工系统的整体架构。基于系统整体架构利用激光扫描模块获取材料信息,并采用网格修正法修正扫描单元中的振镜误差;将激光扫描结果传输至DSP控制模块内,通过直线、圆弧插补运算确定加工模块内不同加工单元的刀具加工路径,同时利用不同伺服单元的位置等反馈信号对比,实现机械手模块运动控制。实验结果显示该系统激光扫描误差控制在0.5 mm以下,符合风机应用标准,加工时间最高为37 min,有效提升了零件可应用率。

航天复杂薄壁零件加工工艺知识图谱构建及其应用

针对航天复杂薄壁零件加工工艺数据结构化程度低、难以重用等问题,将知识图谱引入工艺设计领域,提出了一种典型的复杂薄壁零件加工工艺知识图谱构建方法。首先,自顶向下定义工艺知识层次结构,利用本体建模构建了模式层;其次,利用知识抽取、知识融合及本体关系建立的方法自底向上构建了数据层,通过Neo4j图数据库完成了模式层与数据层的映射,并实现了工艺知识的可视化表征和快速检索;然后,在构建完成的工艺知识图谱基础上,结合零件属性和特征拓扑关系的相似度实现了工艺路线推荐;最后,搭建了复杂薄壁零件加工工艺知识图谱可视化系统,并以框段类零件为例展示了工艺知识检索与工艺路线推荐功能。研究结果表明:对基于知识图谱和相似度计算的工艺路线推荐模型进行了500次测试,有94.7%的推荐列表中存在与目标零件相符的工艺路线。这证明了该工艺知识图谱的构建方法是可行的,并且其对工艺设计工作起到辅助决策作用,可以有效提高工艺查询和设计的效率。

Collaborative manufacturing technologies of structure shape and surface integrity for complex thin-walled components of aero-engine:Status,challenge and tendency

Presently,the service performance of new-generation high-tech equipment is directly affected by the manufacturing quality of complex thin-walled components.A high-efficiency and quality manufacturing of these complex thin-walled components creates a bottleneck that needs to be solved urgently in machinery manufacturing.To address this problem,the collaborative manufacturing of structure shape and surface integrity has emerged as a new process that can shorten processing cycles,improve machining qualities,and reduce costs.This paper summarises the research status on the material removal mechanism,precision control of structure shape,machined surface integrity control and intelligent process control technology of complex thin-walled components.Numerous solutions and technical approaches are then put forward to solve the critical problems in the high-performance manufacturing of complex thin-wall components.The development status,challenge and tendency of collaborative manufacturing technologies in the high-efficiency and quality manufacturing of complex thin-wall components is also discussed.

国际化、供应链复杂性与供应链韧性

本文基于交易成本理论和生存分析模型,从抵御能力和恢复能力对供应链韧性进行量化分析,探究国际化程度对供应链韧性的影响,并考察供应链结构中的供应商复杂性和顾客复杂性对国际化程度与供应链韧性之间的调节效应。通过对126家上市汽车零部件企业数据进行分析,本文实证结果表明:国际化程度较高的企业在抵御能力和恢复能力方面均表现不佳;而供应商复杂性能够作为一种有效措施提高供应链抵御能力;顾客复杂性对供应链抵御能力具有负向影响;同时,两方面复杂性对供应链韧性中的恢复能力调节作用不显著。异质性分析发现,国际化程度的提高对于民营企业,位于中、西部地区的企业和规模较大的企业供应链抵抗能力造成了更明显的负向影响。

Effect of blank quenching on shear spinning forming precision of 2219 aluminum alloy complex thin-walled components

The quenching-spinning(Q-S)process,i.e.,shear spinning after blank quenching,has been increasingly utilized to form 2219 aluminum alloy complex thin-walled components.However,the changes in material property,shape and stress of the blanks after quenching will affect the spin-ning forming precision.In this study,the rules and mechanisms of these effects are investigated based on a combined finite element(FE)model including blank quenching and component spinning process.The results indicate that the increase of material strength and the existence of distortion of the quenched blank lead to a notable increase in the non-uniformity of the circumferential compres-sive stress in the spinning area and the increase of the flange swing height during spinning.These changes result in an increase in the wall thickness and component-mandrel gap of the components.The quenching residual stress has little effect on wall thickness and roundness but can noticeably reduce the component-mandrel gap.This is because that the existence of quenching residual stress of the blank can lead to the decrease of the maximum circumferential compressive stress of the workpiece in spinning and an obvious drop in the maximum compressive stress after reaching the stress peak.Quenching distortion is the main factor affecting the roundness.Moreover,the opti-mized installation way of the blank for spinning is obtained.

细长轴加工技术在复杂零件加工中的应用

细长轴加工技术在提高加工效率和复杂零件质量、降低成本等方面具有显著优势。基于此,详细探讨此项技术的应用实践,包括切削力控制、表面质量优化以及复杂零件加工精度提高,并展示其卓越的性能,以提升整体加工过程的稳定性和可控性。同时,深入剖析该技术在不同材料和结构零件中的实际应用案例,证明其能够为促进制造业高效发展提供有力支撑,在复杂零件加工方面具有广阔的应用前景。

3D打印技术在复杂零部件制造中的应用

文章围绕3D打印技术在复杂零部件制造中的应用展开研究,首先阐述3D打印技术的原理和分类,其次分析该技术在模具设计、造型设计、结构设计和产品装配方面的应用,最后阐述应用3D打印技术制造复杂零部件的工艺流程。

CA Investment Casting Process of Complex Castings

CA (Computer aided) investment casting technique used in superalloy castings of aerospace engine parts was presented. CA investment casting integrated computer application, RP (Rapid Prototyping) process, solidification simulation and investment casting process. It broke the bottle neck of making metal die. Solid model of complex parts were produced by UGII or other software, then translated into STL(Stereolithography) file, after RP process of SLS(Selective Laser Sintering), wax pattern used in investment casting can be acquired without metal die in short time. These can reduce period and cost greatly of complex superalloy parts development of engine. The key processes of CA investment casting were discussed. The accuracy of model translation should match that of RP system. Choice of RP material, surface polishing, sintering parameter plays important role in RP process. Other processes, like solidification simulating and optimization of gate system were introduced. The conclusion was that complex parts can be produced by CA investment casting with lots of advantages. The accuracy of castings can reach CT5～7,and the smoothness can get Ra3～13 mm. These parts of engines worked well.

Attempt to generalize fractional-order electric elements to complex-order ones

The complex derivative D^α±jβ, with α, β ∈ R＋ is a generalization of the concept of integer derivative, where α = 1,β = 0. Fractional-order electric elements and circuits are becoming more and more attractive. In this paper, the complexorder electric elements concept is proposed for the first time, and the complex-order elements are modeled and analyzed.Some interesting phenomena are found that the real part of the order affects the phase of output signal, and the imaginary part affects the amplitude for both the complex-order capacitor and complex-order memristor. More interesting is that the complex-order capacitor can do well at the time of fitting electrochemistry impedance spectra. The complex-order memristor is also analyzed. The area inside the hysteresis loops increases with the increasing of the imaginary part of the order and decreases with the increasing of the real part. Some complex case of complex-order memristors hysteresis loops are analyzed at last, whose loop has touching points beyond the origin of the coordinate system.