Research on Extraction Method of Surface Information Based on Multi-Feature Combination Such as Fractal Texture

Because of the developed economy and lush vegetation in southern China, the following obstacles or difficulties exist in remote sensing land surface classification: 1) Diverse surface composition types;2) Undulating terrains;3) Small fragmented land;4) Indistinguishable shadows of surface objects. It is our top priority to clarify how to use the concept of big data (Data mining technology) and various new technologies and methods to make complex surface remote sensing information extraction technology develop in the direction of automation, refinement and intelligence. In order to achieve the above research objectives, the paper takes the Gaofen-2 satellite data produced in China as the data source, and takes the complex surface remote sensing information extraction technology as the research object, and intelligently analyzes the remote sensing information of complex surface on the basis of completing the data collection and preprocessing. The specific extraction methods are as follows: 1) extraction research on fractal texture features of Brownian motion;2) extraction research on color features;3) extraction research on vegetation index;4) research on vectors and corresponding classification. In this paper, fractal texture features, color features, vegetation features and spectral features of remote sensing images are combined to form a combination feature vector, which improves the dimension of features, and the feature vector improves the difference of remote sensing features, and it is more conducive to the classification of remote sensing features, and thus it improves the classification accuracy of remote sensing images. It is suitable for remote sensing information extraction of complex surface in southern China. This method can be extended to complex surface area in the future.

Extraction of Pumpkin Polysaccharide by Complex Enzyme Method and Its Antioxidant Research

[Objective] This paper aims to study a new method of extracting pumpkin polysaccharide from pumpkin. Single factor experiments were conducted to examine the effects of extracting time,temperature,the solid-liquid ratio and pH value on the extraction yield of polysaccharide from pumpkin. [Method] The best enzyme ratio and extraction conditions for complex enzymes extraction were determined through orthogonal tests. Scavenging ·OH and O-2 activities of pumpkin polysaccharides were also investigated by salicylic acid and improved self-oxidation of o-pheno methods respectively. [Results] The results showed that the biggest extraction yield of polysaccharide from pumpkin can be got when adding 1% cellulose enzyme,1.5% pectinase,1.0% papain and Na2HPO4-citric acid buffer solution (pH was 4.6),and oscillating for 30 min under water at 40 ℃ with the solid-liquid ratio of 1:30. In addition,pumpkin polysaccharides had a strong activity of eliminating ·OH,but very weak activity to scavenge O-2. [Conclusion] This study provided basic data for research and application of Pumpkin polysaccharide.

Equilibrium of Extraction of p-Aminobenzenesulfonic Acid by Aliquat 336

p-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid was selected as a typical solute withamphoteric functional groups to be separated from dilute solution. Aquaternary ammonium chloride, Aliquat 336, was used as theextractant. The effects of pH, extractant concentration and diluenttypes on distribution coefficient, D, were investigated. Meanwhile,the ion exchange reaction for Aliquat 336 with p-aminobenzenesulfonicacid in the extraction process Was discussed. The description of Dwas proposed according to the mass action law.

Neutral Complex Extraction and Synergistic Extraction of Macrolide Antibiotics

Based on the theory of reactive extraction, new solvent systems were developed to replace butylacetate for extraction of macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, kitasamycin, spiramycin meleumycin etc.). A new neutral complex solvent extraction system, fatty alcohol-kerosene (marked by El), was used for extraction of erythromycin, one of the macrolide antibiotics. The extraction equilibrium equation is obtained, and the extraction distribution is as followsD = exp (-36.33×103/RT + 18.77)[B](o)1.1/(1 + 108.07-PH)The effects of several parameters on extraction equilibrium were investigated. Furthermore, a new synergistic extraction system (marked by E2) was developed, in which another solvent was used as synergistic agent to replace the diluent kerosene in the neutral complex extraction system. Based on these new extraction systems, an improved process for extraction of erythromycin was developed, showing remarkable advantages in technology and economics owing to its low solvent consumption of 3kg per billion unit compared with 9—10 for butylacetate. The recovery process of solvent from raffinate may be eliminated.

The Syntheses,Characterization and Crystal Structure of Extraction Complexes of Rare Earths

The syntheses,characterization and crystal structure of rare earth coordination compounds of five typical extraction systems commonly used in the separation technology were reported.They are:(1)carboxylic acid system,(2)organophosphorous acid system,(3)quarternary ammonium salt system,(4)neutral organophosphonate system and(5)synergistic system.

A Simple Procedure for Extraction of Surface Protein of Salmonella Serotypes and Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Poultry and Pigs

Salmonella and E.coli possess different surface protein structures that can induce protective immune responses.Identification of these proteins capacitates development of diverse applications in prevention and diagnosis that contribute to effectively control disease-causing enterobacteria pathogens such as Salmonella and E.coli.A simple procedure for obtaining protein complexes of Salmonella serotypes and E.coli is performed in this study.A sonication process with heat treatment of whole bacteria induced the release of protein complexes.Concentration of the protein extract was quantified using protein quantification Kits-Rapid,and protein complex profile was obtained by SDS-PAGE(Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)and silver staining.The concentrations of protein ranged from 29.45 to 45.35μg/mL in the Salmonella protein extracts,and from 25.35 to 36.72μg/mL in the E.coli protein extracts.Six major groups of proteins from E.coli(YfiO,NipB,OmpF,YfgL,Talc,YaeT)and four major groups of proteins from Salmonella(Flagellin,OmpA,Porin,SEF21)were preliminarily determined by a simple procedure of extraction based on the molecular weight.

THE EXTRACTED COMPLEX FORMED BY MONO (2-ETHYLHEXYL)-2-ETHYLHEXYL PHOSPHATE WITH DIVALENT Mn

In order to clarify the mechanism and the complex formed in the extraction of divalent Mn by alkylphosphonic acid monoester, the solid complex has been prepared by mono (2-ethylhexyl)-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, HEH(EH)P, HA with divalent Mn. The elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility and thermogravimetry have been determined for the solid complex of HEH(EH)P-Mn(II) and the infrared spectrum has been carried out in comparison to the extractant HEH(EH)P. The extracted compound has also been studied by electronic and electron spin resonance spectroscopy in octane solvent and solid state at room temperature. On the basis of the measurements, it is concluded that the structure of the solid polymeric species MnA_2 is in a tetrahedral arrangement.

Solvent extraction and separation of light rare earth elements (La, Pr and Nd) in the presence of lactic acid as a complexing agent by Cyanex 272 in kerosene and the effect of citric acid,acetic acid and Titriplex Ⅲ as auxiliary agents

At present, the use of rare earth elements（REEs） has become an inevitable necessity in many modern industries. In general, liquid extraction is the best commercial method for extracting REEs due to its ability to control high volumes of liquids with electrical load. With the aim of improving a separation technology that would be superior to the existing extraction systems, the extraction behaviors of La（Ⅲ）,Pr（Ⅲ）, and Nd（Ⅲ） from an HCI medium with Cyanex 272 in the presence of the complexing agent lactic acid（HLac） and auxiliary agents citric acid（H3 Cit）, acetic acid（HAc）, and Titriplex Ⅲ have been reported.The effect of pH and lactic acid concentration has been examined. The use of lactic acid as a complexing agent leading to a high extraction of REEs with Cyanex 272 at pH = 5 was compared with systems without lactic acid. The results show that the use of acetic acid along with lactic acid leads to an increase in the extraction percentage of LREEs. While use of citric acid and Titriplex Ⅲ reduces the extraction percentage of LREEs. Finally, the presence of Titriplex Ⅲ together with lactic acid could lead to an increase in the separation factor of Pr and Nd.

Extraction of Aminobenzoic Acid with TOA and TBP

A series of extraction equilibrium experiments for aminobenzoic acid were carried out. Tri n octylamine (TOA) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) were selected as complexing agents. 1 Octanol and kerosene were selected as diluents. The effects of extractant concentration and pH on the distribution ratio were discussed in detail. It was found that there are ion pair association and hydrogen bond complexing in the extraction. Expressions of the equilibrium distribution for different solvent systems are proposed. The precision of the models is satisfactoy.

Effects of organic acids on the leaching process of ion-adsorption type rare earth ore

To examine the activation of organic acids on the leaching process of ion-adsorption type rare earth ore（IRE-ore）, the leaching behavior of rare earth（RE） and zeta potential of IRE-ore were investigated in the absence and presence of carboxylic acids. The results show that all the tested organic acids（acetic acid,malonic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, and malic acid） can promote RE extraction. At relatively high concentrations of organic acids, the activation efficiency of organic acids on RE extraction is generally consistent with their complexation ability; whereas at their low concentrations, the change of zeta potential on the IRE-ore surface with organic acid concentration and p H has a close association with RE extraction, which indicates that organic acids can impact the surface electrical property of IREore via their adsorption/desorption, and thereby increase/decrease the affinity of RE ions to IRE-ore.Therefore the influence of organic acids on the IRE-ore surface electrical property also plays an important role in RE extraction in addition to their complexation with RE ions.