UNSTEADY INTERACTION OF SHOCK WAVE DIFFRACTING AROUND A CIRCULAR CYLINDER IN AIR

The reflection and diffraction of a planar shock wave around a circular cylinder are a typical problem of the complex nonlinear shock wave phenomena in literature.It has long been studied experimentally,analytically as well as numerically.Takayama in 1987 obtained clear experimental pictures ofisopycnics in shock tube under the condi- tion that the impinging shock wave propagates as far as 3 diameters away from the cylinder.To know more complete- ly the whole unsteady process,it is desirable to get experimental results in a region which is more than 10 diameters away from the cylinder.This is what has been done in this paper by using the pulsed laser holographic interferometry for several shock Mach numbers of the impinging shock. Results for several moments are shown,giving more know- ledge about the whole unsteady flow field.This is useful for a reliable and complete understanding of the changing force acting on the cylinder,and provides interesting data to check the performance of many recently developed high resolution numerical methods for unsteady shock wave calculation.

An investigation into natural vibrations of fluid-structure interaction systems subject to Sommerfeld radiation condition

A fluid-structure interaction system subject to Sommerfeld＇s condition is defined as a Sommerfeld system which is divided into three categories： Fluid Sommerfeld （FS） System, Solid Sommerfeld （SS） System and Fluid Solid Sommerfeld （FSS） System of which Sommerfeld conditions are imposed on a fluid boundary only, a solid boundary only and both fluid and solid boundaries, respectively. This paper follows the previous initial results claimed by simple examples to further mathematically investigate the natural vibrations of generalized Sommerfeld systems. A new parameter representing the speed of radiation wave for generalized 3-D problems with more complicated boundary conditions is introduced into the Sommerfeld condition which allows investigation of the natural vibrations of a Sommerfeld system involving both free surface and compressible waves. The mathematical demonstrations and selected examples confirm and reveal the natural behaviour of generalized Sommerfeld systems defined above. These generalized conclusions can be used in theoretical or engineering analysis of the vibrations of various Sommerfeld systems in engineering.

Enhanced removal of phosphate from water by fabricatinga novel dual metal MIL-101(Fe/Zr)

Metal-based compounds are promising adsorbents for phosphate.A novel dual metal-organic framework as an effective adsorbent for phosphate was synthesized by a solvothermal method.The structure analysis revealed that the as-prepared adsorbent(denoted as MIL-101(Fe/Zr))possessed a porous polyhedral structure with a large specific surface area of 479.1 m^(2)/g and a pore width of 3.4 nm.The X-ray diffraction pattern and Fourier transform infrared spectra suggested that the MIL-101(Fe/Zr)shared a similar structure with MIL-101(Fe),implying successful incorporation of Zr atoms as a second metal into the MIL-101(Fe)structure.Kinetic adsorption of PO_(4)^(3-)by MIL-101(Fe/Zr)conformed to the pseudo-second-order model and intraparticle diffusion model,while adsorption isotherm fitted the Freundlich model well(R^(2)=0.9785).It is suggested that such an adsorption belonged to multiply-layer adsorption.The adsorption capacity of MIL-101(Fe/Zr)was to be 66.00 mg/g.MIL-101(Fe/Zr)performed well at a wide range of pH 2.0~10.0 and high ionic strength(0~40 mg/L NaCl).A structural analysis indicated that the complexation interaction was mainly responsible for PO_(4)^(3-)adsorption.These findings can inspire preparation of other dual metal MOFs adsorbent for phosphate removal and recovery from water.

Synthesis,Structure and Properties of a Novel Copper(Ⅱ)-2,2'- biimidazole Complex-supported Compound:[Cu(H_2biim)_2]{[Cu(H_2biim)_2 ]_2[H_(10)W_(12)O_(44)]}·8H_2O

A new copper（II）-2,2＇-biimidazole metal-organic POMs-supported compound [Cu（H2biim）2]{[Cu（H2biim）212[H10W12O44]}＇8H2O （H2biim = 2,2＇-biimidazole） has been success- fully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and TG. The crystal adopts space group Pi with a = 11.800（2）, b = 13.437（3）, c = 13.685（3） A, V = 1922.5（7） A3, D,. = 3.507 g/cm3, C36H62Cu3N24W12O52, M,. = 4059.92, F（000） = 1837,μ = 18.796 mm-1, Z = 1, R = 0.0579 and wR = 0.1465 for 8734 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. X-ray crystallography analysis exhibits that the title compound consists of one [H10W12044]6- polyanion and three [Cu（H2biim）2] units. And significant π-π stacking interactions and intermolecular O-H-,.O or N-H.＇-O hydrogen-bonding interactions lead to a three-dimensional supramolecular framework. Thermal stability and magnetic property of the complex have also been investigated.

Synthesis,Structure and Polymorphism of a Novel Two-dimensional Cobalt(Ⅱ)Coordination Polymer Constructed from Citrazinate Ligand

The polymeric Co（Ⅱ） complex[Co（Hdhpc）（py）]n（1）（py = pyridine,H3dhpc =2,6-dihydroxypyridine-4-carboxyl acid） was prepared and characterized.X-ray diffraction data revealed that the compound crystallizes in dimorphic 1α and 1β forms at room and low temperature,respectively.The former crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system,space group Pbcm with a =7.209（1）,b = 14.834（3）,c = 15.376（3） A°,V= 1644.3（5）A°3,Z = 4,C（16）H（13）CoN3O4,Mr = 370.22,Dc= 1.496 g/cm^3,F（000） = 756,μ = 1.068 mm^-1,R = 0.0633 and wR = 0.1192.While 1β is attributed to the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 32.102（4）,b = 7.022,c = 14.945（2）A°,β = 109.052（5）°,V= 3184.4（6） A°3,Z= 8,Dc= 1.544 g/cm^3,F（000） = 1512,μ = 1.103 mm^-1,R = 0.0428 and wR =0.0797.The conformation changes of pyridines between Co-citrazinate planes leading to a reversible single-crystal to single-crystal transformation.The variable temperature magnetic data indicate a weak ferrimagnetism.

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Gd(Ⅱ ) Coordination Polymer [Gd_2(μ-phth)_3(b-pd)(H_2O)_5]_n

A new Gd（Ⅱ） complex [Gd2（μ-phth）3（b-pd）（H2O）5], （phth = o-phthalato, b-pd = N,Nbipyridine） has been ＇synthesized by the reaction of GdO2 with o-phthalate, H2O and 2,2＇-bipyridine. The crystal structure has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is of triclinic, space group P1^- with a = 11.82920（10）, b = 13.53550（10）, c = 13.7381（2）A^°, α= 88.99,β= 66.9120（10）, γ = 66.2370（10）°, V = 1826.02（3） ,A^°3, Dc= 1.915 g/cm^3, C34H30N2O17Gd2, Mr= 1053.10, F（000） = 1024,μ = 3.680 mm^-1, Z = 2, R = 0.0612 and wR = 0.1320 for 6259 observed reflections （I〉 2σ（I））. In the title complex, the Gd（Ⅱ） ions are bridged by o-phthalate ligands in a bidentate mode, producing a 1D infinite chain structure. Each eight-coordinated Gd（Ⅱ） center is coordinated by eight oxygen atoms from phth to give a distorted dodecahedral geometry, and each nine-coordinated Gd（Ⅱ） center is coordinated by two N atoms from b-pd and seven oxygen atoms from phth to give a distorted geometry of capped square antiprism. The chains are linked by π-π interactions and hydrogen bonds between oxygen atoms of carboxylate groups and H2O molecules and hydrogen atoms of H2O, b-pd and o-phth molecules, forming an unusual three-dimensional coordination polymer.

Synthesis,crystal structures of novel complexes of rare earth with norfloxacin,interaction with DNA and BSA

Three novel rare earth complexes [N（CH 3） 4 ][Ln（NF） 4 ]·6H 2 O（Ln=Nd（III）（1）,Sm（III）（2）,Ho（III）（3）） were synthesized using hydrothermal method from norfloxacin HNF=1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-（1-piperazinyl）-3-quinoline carboxylic acid,C 16 H 18 FN 3 O 3）,imidazole and rare earth nitrates.The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis,FT-IR,TG-DTG and X-ray single crystal diffraction.Each rare earth ion was eight-coordinated with carboxyl-O atoms and keto-O atoms from norfloxacin.Four of the norfloxacin ions acted as bidentate chelate group took part in the coordination with rare earth ion.The structures of complexes were tetragonal system with space group I4 1 /acd,which were allomerism.The interaction between complex 1 and DNA was studied by electronic absorption spectra and fluorescence spectroscopy.The binding interaction between the complex 1 and bovine serum albumin（BSA） was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy.The complex 1 bound to DNA by the mode of partial intercalation.Complex 1 had a strong ability to quench the fluorescence from BSA.The complex interaction was mainly a static quenching process with BSA together with formation of two binding sites.

Numerical Simulation of Atmosphere-Ocean-Sea Ice Interaction During Interannual Cycle in High Northern Latitudes

The interannual atmosphere-ocean-sea ice interaction （AOSI） in high northern latitudes is studied with a global atmosphere-ocean-sea ice coupled model system, in which the model components of atmosphere and land surface are from China National Climate Center and that of ocean and sea ice are from LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. A daily flux anomaly correction scheme is employed to couple the atmosphere model and the ocean model with the effect of inhomogenity of sea ice in high latitudes is considered. The coupled model system has been run for 50 yr and the results of the last 30 years are analyzed. After the sea level pressure （SLP）, surface air temperature （SAT）, sea surface temperature （SST）, sea ice concentration （SIC）, and sea surface sensible heat flux （SHF） are filtered with a digital filter firstly, their normalized anomalies are used to perform the decomposition of combined complex empirical orthogonal function （CCEOF） and then they are reconstructed with the leading mode. The atmosphere-ocean-sea ice interactions in high northern latitudes during a periodical cycle （approximately 4 yr） are analyzed. It is shown that： （1） When the North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） is in its positive phase, the southerly anomaly appears in the Greenland Sea, SAT increases, the sea loses less SHF, SST increases and SIC decreases accordingly; when the NAO is in its negative phase, the northerly anomaly appears in the Greenland Sea, SAT decreases, the sea loses more SHF, SST decreases and SIC increases accordingly. There are similar features in the Barents Sea, but the phase of evolution in the Barents Sea is different from that in the Greenland Sea. （2） For an average of multi-years, there is a cold center in the inner part of the Arctic Ocean near the North Pole. When there is an anomaly of low pressure, which is closer to the Pacific Ocean, in the inner part of the Arctic Ocean, anomalies of warm advection appear in the region near the Pacific Ocean and anomalies of cold advection appear in the region near the Atlantic Ocean. Accompanying with these anomalies of warm and cold advection in these two regions~ warm and cold anomalies appear respectively. Accordingly, SHF sent to the atmosphere from the sea surface decreases and increases, and SST increases and decreases~ SIC decreases and increases in these two regions. When there is an anomaly of high pressure in the inner part of the Arctic Ocean, the former relationships reverse. From these results~ it can be deduced that, during the interannual cycle of the coupled atmosphere-ocean system, the variability of large-scale atmospheric circulation plays a dominant role and variations of SST and SIC are mainly responding to that of atmospheric circulation.

Genome-Wide Interaction-Based Association of Human Diseases—A Survey

Genome-Wide Association Studies（GWASs） aim to identify genetic variants that are associated with disease by assaying and analyzing hundreds of thousands of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms（SNPs）. Although traditional single-locus statistical approaches have been standardized and led to many interesting findings, a substantial number of recent GWASs indicate that for most disorders, the individual SNPs explain only a small fraction of the genetic causes. Consequently, exploring multi-SNPs interactions in the hope of discovering more significant associations has attracted more attentions. Due to the huge search space for complicated multilocus interactions, many fast and effective methods have recently been proposed for detecting disease-associated epistatic interactions using GWAS data. In this paper, we provide a critical review and comparison of eight popular methods, i.e., BOOST, TEAM, epi Forest, EDCF, SNPHarvester, epi MODE, MECPM, and MIC, which are used for detecting gene-gene interactions among genetic loci. In views of the assumption model on the data and searching strategies, we divide the methods into seven categories. Moreover, the evaluation methodologies,including detecting powers, disease models for simulation, resources of real GWAS data, and the control of false discover rate, are elaborated as references for new approach developers. At the end of the paper, we summarize the methods and discuss the future directions in genome-wide association studies for detecting epistatic interactions.

Tris(Znsalen) cryptand minimizes Znsalen aggregation arising from intermolecular Zn…O interaction

Exploring the factors to control Znsalen aggregation is of importance to design functional materials in catalysis, optical materials and biological imaging. In this work, we synthesized and characterized four cryptand type tri Znsalen complexes and found that cryptand structure could efficiently minimize intermolecular Zn…O interaction. More importantly, encapsulated by PLGA nanoparticles, cryptand tri Znsalen 1 displayed visible intracellular fluorescence whereas monomeric Znsalen 5 could not. These results provide a new access to design new luminescent materials with the potential application in optics and biological studies.

Fast Community Detection Based on Distance Dynamics

The distance dynamics model is excellent tool for uncovering the community structure of a complex network. However, one issue that must be addressed by this model is its very long computation time in large-scale networks. To identify the community structure of a large-scale network with high speed and high quality, in this paper, we propose a fast community detection algorithm, the F-Attractor, which is based on the distance dynamics model. The main contributions of the F-Attractor are as follows. First, we propose the use of two prejudgment rules from two different perspectives： node and edge. Based on these two rules, we develop a strategy of internal edge prejudgment for predicting the internal edges of the network. Internal edge prejudgment can reduce the number of edges and their neighbors that participate in the distance dynamics model. Second, we introduce a triangle distance to further enhance the speed of the interaction process in the distance dynamics model. This triangle distance uses two known distances to measure a third distance without any extra computation. We combine the above techniques to improve the distance dynamics model and then describe the community detection process of the F-Attractor. The results of an extensive series of experiments demonstrate that the F-Attractor offers high-speed community detection and high partition quality.

Aggregation-induced phosphorescence and mechanochromic luminescence of a tetraphenylethene-based gold(Ⅰ) isocyanide complex

In this study,a new twisting gold（Ⅰ） isocyanide complex based on tetraphenylethene（TPE）,TPE-NC-Au.was designed and synthesized.It exhibits aggregation induced phosphorescence（AIP） characteristics,owing to the incorporation of Au moiety and conformation rigidification in the aggregated states.Moreover,the emission color of the crystalline solid of TPE-NC-Au changes from blue（454 nm） to green（500 nm） in response to mechanical grinding,due to the combined effects of conformation planarization,enhanced π…π stacking,as well as the emergence of aurophilic interactions in the ground amorphous state.Notably,the emission color can be restored upon solvent fuming,associating with the reconstruction of crystalline lattices.The AIP and switchable mechanochromism of TPE-NC-Au make it suitable for potential applications in bioimaging,sensing,and optoelectronic devices.

14-3-3 Proteins Interact with FRMD6 and Regulate Its Subcellular Localization in Breast Cancer Cells

The Hippo pathway is evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to mammals. FRMD6 is one crucial up- stream component of the Hippo pathway while its function and regulatory mechanism are largely elusive. We decided to purify the protein complex of FRMD6 to further explore its regulatory mechanism. We established the MCF7 breast cancer cells that stably expressed FRMD6 by retroviruses infection. And we purified the FRMD6-interacting protein complex for further analysis by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry（HPLC- MS/MS）. Interestingly, we observed that the major binding partner of FRMD6 is 14-3-3 family of proteins. The interac- tion between FRMD6 and 14-3-3 proteins was detected by co-immunoprecipitation（CO-IP）. The disruption of their interaction resulted in the nuclear localization of FRMD6. Importantly, the T28A mutant of FRMD6 showed stronger tumor suppressor function than wild type（WT） FRMD6. Our results indicate that 14-3-3 proteins tightly regulate the subcellular localization of FRMD6 so as to endow FRMD6 with the tumor suppressor function on breast cancer.

Purification of Complex of SAV1 with PP1A

SAV1 is a core component involved in the Hippo pathway which can control the organ size via regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis simultaneously. We explored the regulatory mechanism of SAV1. We established the HEK293T cell pool, the cells in which can stably express SAV1 by retroviruses infection and found that SAV1 stable cells reduced the movement of themselves and resulted in multicellular aggregation. We purified SAV1 interacting protein complex using streptavidin resin and subsequently analyzed the digested peptides by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）-MS/MS. Results show that about 150 proteins were identified in the complex of SAV 1 with protein. TUBA1A, OTUD4, and ATD were identified as proteins interacting with SAV1. Importantly, PP1A, se- rine/threonine protein phosphatase PPl-alpha 1 catalytic subunit, was also in the top 10 list. The interaction between PP1A and SAV1 was detected by both co-immunoprecipitation（CO-IP） and immunostaining. Our results indicate that PP1A might be the phosphatase of SAV1 and may take part in the regulation of the Hippo pathway.