Complexity Analysis and Algorithm Design of Pooling Problem

The pooling problem,also called the blending problem,is fundamental in production planning of petroleum.It can be formulated as an optimization problem similar with the minimum-cost flow problem.However,Alfaki and Haugland(J Glob Optim 56:897–916,2013)proved the strong NP-hardness of the pooling problem in general case.They also pointed out that it was an open problem to determine the computational complexity of the pooling problem with a fixed number of qualities.In this paper,we prove that the pooling problem is still strongly NP-hard even with only one quality.This means the quality is an essential difference between minimum-cost flow problem and the pooling problem.For solving large-scale pooling problems in real applications,we adopt the non-monotone strategy to improve the traditional successive linear programming method.Global convergence of the algorithm is established.The numerical experiments show that the non-monotone strategy is effective to push the algorithm to explore the global minimizer or provide a good local minimizer.Our results for real problems from factories show that the proposed algorithm is competitive to the one embedded in the famous commercial software Aspen PIMS.

Correlation between detrended fluctuation analysis and the Lempel-Ziv complexity in nonlinear time series analysis

We study the correlation between detrended fluctuation analysis（DFA） and the Lempel-Ziv complexity（LZC） in nonlinear time series analysis in this paper.Typical dynamic systems including a logistic map and a Duffing model are investigated.Moreover,the influence of Gaussian random noise on both the DFA and LZC are analyzed.The results show a high correlation between the DFA and LZC,which can quantify the non-stationarity and the nonlinearity of the time series,respectively.With the enhancement of the random component,the exponent α and the normalized complexity index C show increasing trends.In addition,C is found to be more sensitive to the fluctuation in the nonlinear time series than α.Finally,the correlation between the DFA and LZC is applied to the extraction of vibration signals for a reciprocating compressor gas valve,and an effective fault diagnosis result is obtained.

Species distribution of polymeric aluminium ferrum——timed complexation colorimetric analysis method of Al-Fe-Ferron

The effects of the calorimetric buffer solutions were investigated while the two colorimetric reactions of AI-ferron complex and Fe-ferron complex occurred individually, and the effects of the testing wavelength and the pH of the solutions were also investigated. A timed complexatian colorimetric analysis method of Al-Fe-ferron in view of the total concentration of {AI + Fe} was then established to determine the species distribution of polymeric Al-Fe. The testing wavelength was recommended at 362 net and the testing pH value was 5. With a comparison of the ratios of n(Al)/n(Fe), the standard adsorption curves of the polymeric Al-Fe solutions were derived from the experimental results. Furthermore, the solutions' composition were carious in both the molar n(Al)/n(Fe) ratios, i.e. 0/0, 5/5, 9/1 and 0/10, and the concentrations associated with the total ( Al + Fe which ranged from 10(-5) to 10(-4) mol/L..

Core acupoints of acupuncture for hyperplasia of mammary gland: a network analysis

Backgroud:Clinical studies on acupuncture treatment of hyperplasia of mammary gland(HMG)have proved its effectiveness,but most studies have paid little attention to acupoints prescription and acupoint compatibility.The clinical prescription is not identical,the curative effect also has the difference.Therefore,through data mining and network analysis,this study explored the core acupoints and the compatibility law of acupoints in acupuncture treatment of HMG.Methods:To search and select qualified literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria for relevant clinical research literature on acupuncture treatment of HMG in CNKI,VIP database,WanFang database and PubMed,etc.Then extract relevant information and establish a database.Using the method of statistical and complex network analysis,this paper studies the core acupoints and the law of acupoint compatibility.Results:A total of 104 Chinese literatures and 0 English literatures were included and 106 acupuncture prescriptions were extracted.The core acupoints in the treatment of HMG are Danzhong(CV 17),Wuyi(ST 15),Zusanli(ST 36),Jianjing(GB 21).Danzhong(CV 17)and Zusanli(ST 36),Danzhong(CV 17)and Wuyi(ST 15),Jianjing(GB 21)and Tianzong(SI 11),Jianjing(GB 21)and Wuyi(ST 15)have the highest correlation degree.The method of acupoint matching mainly consists of local-remote acupoints,upper-lower acupoints and front-rear acupoints.Conclusion:The results of a network analysis substantially accord with the general rules of acupuncture theories in traditional Chinese medicine,able to reflect the points-selection principles and features in acupuncture treatment of HMG and provide evidence for the acupoints selection in the treatment of HMG in acupuncture clinic.

A ca. 2.2Ga Acidic Magmatic Event at the Northern Margin of the Yangtze Craton: Evidence from U-Pb Dating and Hf Isotope Analysis of Zircons from the Kongling Complex

Objective The Yangtze craton collisional orogeny at ca. extensional events at ca. 1 experienced Paleoproterozoic 1.95-2.0 Ga and post-orogenic 85 Ga related to amalgamation of the Columbia （Nuna） supercontinent （Zhao and Cawood, 2012）. A ca. 2.15 Ga suprasubduction zone ophiolitic melange was recongized in the Archean- Paleoproterozoic Kongling Complex of the northern Yangtze craton （Han et al., 2017）. However, the tectonic evolution in early Paleoproterozoic from 2.4 Ga to 2.2 Ga remains unclear. We report here the presence of a suite of Paleoproterozoic （2.2 Ga） granites in the Huangling dome, northern Yangtze craton, which may provide important insights into crustal growth processes in the craton prior to the assembly of Columbia.

Complex Seismic Focus Structure and Earthquake-Triggered Landslide Distribution:Analysis of the 2014 Ludian M_w6.1 Earthquake in Yunnan

Objective The 2014 Ludian Mw6.1 earthquake in Yunnan occurred in a mountainous area with complex tectonics and topography, which caused serious damage as well as co-seismic landslides of an unusual large scale. Because the suspected seismogenic faults on the surface, distribution of aftershocks and focal mechanism solutions are not consistent, it remains difficult to determine what is the real causal fault or seismogenic structure for this event. Actually, it may imply the complicity of the seismic source at depth. In addition, the distribution of the co- seismic landslides also exhibits some diffusion that is different from general eases, likely associated with the seismic focus structure.

The Space and Time Features of Global SST Anomalies Studied by Complex Principal Component Analysis

In this paper, the variability characteristics of the global field of sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly are studied by complex principal component (c.p.c.) analysis, whose results are also compared with those of real p.c. analysis. The data consist of 40 years of global SST monthly averages over latitudes from 42 5°S to 67 5°N. In the spatial domain, it is found that the distribution of the first complex loading amplitude is characterized by three areas of large values: the first one in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific Ocean, the second one in the northern tropical Indian Ocean and South China Sea, the third one in the northern Pacific Ocean. As it will be explained, this pattern may be considered as representative of El Nio mode. The first complex loading phase pattern shows a stationary wave in the Pacific (also revealed by real p.c. analysis) superimposed to an oscillating disturbance, propagating from the Pacific to Indian or the opposite way. A subsequent correlation analysis among different spatial points allows revealing disturbances actually propagating westward from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean, which could therefore represent reflected Rossby waves, i.e. the west phase of the signals that propagate disturbances of thermal structure in the tropical Pacific Ocean. In the time domain, a relation between the trend of the first complex principal component and the ENSO cycle is also established.

Theoretical convergence analysis of complex Gaussian kernel LMS algorithm

With the vigorous expansion of nonlinear adaptive filtering with real-valued kernel functions,its counterpart complex kernel adaptive filtering algorithms were also sequentially proposed to solve the complex-valued nonlinear problems arising in almost all real-world applications.This paper firstly presents two schemes of the complex Gaussian kernel-based adaptive filtering algorithms to illustrate their respective characteristics.Then the theoretical convergence behavior of the complex Gaussian kernel least mean square（LMS） algorithm is studied by using the fixed dictionary strategy.The simulation results demonstrate that the theoretical curves predicted by the derived analytical models consistently coincide with the Monte Carlo simulation results in both transient and steady-state stages for two introduced complex Gaussian kernel LMS algonthms using non-circular complex data.The analytical models are able to be regard as a theoretical tool evaluating ability and allow to compare with mean square error（MSE） performance among of complex kernel LMS（KLMS） methods according to the specified kernel bandwidth and the length of dictionary.

Mathematical theory of signal analysis vs. complex analysis method of harmonic analysis

We present recent work of harmonic and signal analysis based on the complex Hardy space approach.

Two new predictor-corrector algorithms for second-order cone programming

Based on the ideas of infeasible interior-point methods and predictor-corrector algorithms, two interior-point predictor-corrector algorithms for the second-order cone programming （SOCP） are presented. The two algorithms use the Newton direction and the Euler direction as the predictor directions, respectively. The corrector directions belong to the category of the Alizadeh-Haeberly-Overton （AHO） directions. These algorithms are suitable to the cases of feasible and infeasible interior iterative points. A simpler neighborhood of the central path for the SOCP is proposed, which is the pivotal difference from other interior-point predictor-corrector algorithms. Under some assumptions, the algorithms possess the global, linear, and quadratic convergence. The complexity bound O（rln（εo/ε）） is obtained, where r denotes the number of the second-order cones in the SOCP problem. The numerical results show that the proposed algorithms are effective.

Evolution of IPv6 Internet topology with unusual sudden changes

The evolution of Internet topology is not always smooth but sometimes with unusual sudden changes. Consequently, identifying patterns of unusual topology evolution is critical for Internet topology modeling and simulation. We analyze IPv6 Internet topology evolution in IP-level graph to demonstrate how it changes in uncommon ways to restructure the Internet. After evaluating the changes of average degree, average path length, and some other metrics over time, we find that in the case of a large-scale growing the Internet becomes more robust; whereas in a top–bottom connection enhancement the Internet maintains its efficiency with links largely decreased.

Dynamic Response of Truss Adaptive Structures

It is pointed out that the damping matrix deduced by active members in the finite element vibration equation of a truss adaptive structure generally can not be decoupled, which leads to the difficulty in the process of modal analysis by classical superposition method. This paper focuses on the computational method of the dynamic response for truss adaptive structures. Firstly, a new technique of state vector approach is applied to study the dynamic response of truss adaptive structures. It can make the coeffic lent matrix of first derivative of state vector a symmetric positive definite matrix, and particularly a diagonal matrix provided that mass matrix is derived by lumped method, so the coefficient matrix of the first derivative of state vector can be exactly decomposed by CHOLESKY method. In this case, the proposed technique not only improves the calculation accuracy, but also saves the computing time. Based on the procedure mentioned above, the mathematical formulation for the system response of truss adaptive structures is systematically derived in theory. Thirdly, by using FORTRAN language, a program system for computing dynamic response of truss adaptive structures is developed. Fourthly, a typical 18 bar space truss adaptive structure has been chosen as test numerical examples to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, some good suggestions, such as how to choose complex mode shapes practically in determining the dynamic response are also given. The new approach can be extended to calculate the dynamic response of general adaptive structures.

Vibration of axially moving beam supported by viscoelastic foundation

In this paper, transverse vibration of an axially moving beam supported by a viscoelastic foundation is analyzed by a complex modal analysis method. The equation of motion is developed based on the generalized Hamilton＇s principle. Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are semi-analytically obtained. The governing equation is represented in a canonical state space form, which is defined by two matrix differential operators. The orthogonality of the eigenfunctions and the adjoint eigenfunctions is used to decouple the system in the state space. The responses of the system to arbitrary external excitation and initial conditions are expressed in the modal expansion. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the proposed approach. The effects of the foundation parameters on free and forced vibration are examined.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of Zn(Ⅱ) with N-carbamylglutamate Ligand

ZnC6HsN2O5H2O （NCGZn） has been synthesized, and its functional groups present in the title compound were confirmed by elemental analysis, TG and IR spectral studies. Meanwhile, the crystal of NCGZn was obtained by slow evaporation of a saturated aqueous solution at room temperature and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group P21 with a = 5.03220（1）, b = 13.3747（4）, c = 12.9944（4） A, β = 92.987（2）°, V= 873.39（4） A3, Z = 2, CI2H20NaOI2Zn2, Mr = 543.10, Dc = 2.065 g/cm3, F（000） = 552,μ（MoKa） = 2.826 mm-1, R = 0,0422 and wR = 0.1142. In NCGZn, Zn（l） and the symmetry formed Zn（l） ions are connected by five atoms from four NCG.2H anions and a water molecule. A NCG ligand has two carboxylate groups, one connecting a Zn ion, and the other bridgiong two Zn ions. The NCG ligand bridges four Zn ions through the amino group and two carboxylate groups with a water molecule to yield a 3D coordination polymer structure with hydrogen bonds.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Properties of a Copper Complex with the Bicycle[2.2.1]-2-heptene-5,6-dicarboxylic Acid

A new copper complex 2{Cu（C10H8N2）[C8H11O2（COO）]（H2O）3}·（H2O）5 with bicycle[2.2.1]hept-2-en-5,6-dicarboxylic acid（H2L） [C7H8（COOH）2], basic copper carbonate and 2,2＇-bipyridine has been synthesized in the mixed solvents of methanol and water. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1, with a = 7.4626（5）, b = 11.9779（8）, c = 12.9841（8）A, α = 109.7040（10）, β = 98.7550（10）, γ = 90.6240（10）°, V = 1077.50（12）A3, Dc = 1.538 g/cm^3, Z = 1, F（000） = 520, GOOF = 1.065, R = 0.0360 and wR = 0.0950. The copper ion is coordinated with four oxygen atoms from one H2 L molecule and three water molecules together with two nitrogen atoms from the 2,2＇-bipyridine molecule, forming a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The thermal stability and electrochemical properties were also studied.

Hydrothermal Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Thermal Stability of a Supramolecular Lead(II) Complex with 4-Nitrobenzoic Acid and 1,10-Phenanthroline

A new complex [Pb（phen）2（4-NBA）]2·2（NO3）·H2O（phen = 1,10-phenanthroline,4-NBA = 4-nitrobenzoate） has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,elemental analyses and IR spectroscopy.The complex crystallizes in monoclinic,space group P21/c with a = 13.416（3）,b = 14.065（3）,c = 16.845（3）（A°） ,β = 110.55（3）o,V = 2976.5（10）（A°）^3,Z = 2,Dc = 1.796 g/cm^3,F（000） = 1564,GOOF = 0.962,the final R = 0.0686 and wR = 0.1746.The crystal structure shows that the lead ion is coordinated with two carboxylate O atoms from the 4-NBA anion,and four N atoms from two phen molecules,forming a slightly distorted pentagonalbipyramidal coordination geometry.It is further extended by various supramo-lecular interactions to form a three-dimensional supramolecular network.The TG analysis result shows that this complex begins decomposing at 30 ℃ and decompounding completely at 733 ℃.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of Zn(II) with N-carbamylglutamate Ligand

ZnC6HsN2O5·H20 （NCGZn） has been synthesized, and its functional groups present in the title compound were confirmed by elemental analysis, TG and IR spectral studies. Meanwhile, the crystal of NCGZn was obtained by slow evaporation of a saturated aqueous solution at room temperature and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group P21 with α= 5.03220（1）, b = 13.3747（4）, c = 12.9944（4） A,β= 92.987（2）°, V= 873.39（4） A^3, Z = 2, C12H20N4O12Zn2, Mr = 543.10, Dc = 2.065 g/cm^3, F（000） = 552,μ（MoKα） = 2.826 mm^-1, R = 0.0422 and wR = 0.1142. In NCGZn, Znl and the symmetry formed Znl ions are connected by five atoms from four NCG-2H anions and a water molecule. A NCG ligand has two carboxylate groups, one connecting a Zn ion, and the other bridgiong two Zn ions. The NCG ligand bridges four Zn ions through the amino group and two carboxylate groups with a water molecule to yield a 3D coordination polymer structure with hydrogen bonds.

Emergency road network structure and planning optimization in mountainous regions in Southwest China under earthquake scenarios

Emergency road networks(ERNs),an important part of local disaster prevention systems,can provide security to residents and their property.Exploring the ERNs structure is of great significance in terms of promoting disaster prevention and establishing road safety in dangerous mountainous areas.This study considered the ERNs of the Kangding section of the Dadu River Basin as the area for a case study.Complex Network Analysis was used to examine the relationship between the four characteristic indicators of mountain roads and the degree of earthquake impacts under the Lushan,Wenchuan,and Kangding Earthquake scenarios.Based on the analysis results,the southwest mountain road network was evaluated;then,computer simulations were used to evaluate the structural changes in the road network after index changes.The network was optimized,and the corresponding emergency avoidance network was proposed to provide a reference for the establishment of the mountainous ERN.The results show that the overall completeness of the mountainous ERNs in Southwest China is poor and prone to traffic accidents.Moreover,the local stability is poor,and the network is susceptible to natural hazards.The overall structure of the road network is balanced,but that of certain road sections is not.Road sections with different attributes present a“gathering-scattering”spatial distribution,i.e,some sections are clustered together while others are far apart.Accordingly,a planning optimization strategy is proposed to better understand the complexity and systematic nature of the mountainous ERN as a whole and to provide a reference for disaster prevention and mitigation planning in mountainous regions in Southwest China.

Deductive way of reasoning about the internet AS level topology

Our current understanding about the AS level topology of the Internet is based on measurements and inductive-type models which set up rules describing the behavior （node and edge dynamics） of the individual ASes and generalize the consequences of these individual actions for the complete AS ecosystem using induction. In this paper we suggest a third, deductive approach in which we have premises for the whole AS system and the consequences of these premises are determined through deductive reasoning. We show that such a deductive approach can give complementary insights into the topological properties of the AS graph. While inductive models can mostly reflect high level statistics （e.g., degree distribution, clustering, diameter）, deductive reasoning can identify omnipresent subgraphs and peering likelihood. We also propose a model, called YEAS, incorporating our deductive analytical findings that produces topologies contain both traditional and novel metrics for the AS level Internet.

SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY AND APPLICATION ON THE INCLUSION COMPLEXATION β-CYCLODEXTRIN WITH ESTRADIOL BENZOATE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

The inclusion complexation reaction of β-cyclodextrin with estradiol benzoate (EB) in the presence ofcetyltrimethylammonium bromide has been studied by means of UV absorption and fluorescent spectrometry. The reaction conditions, the formation constant, the mechanism of the host-guest inclusion complexhave been studied and a simple, highly sensitive fluorescent synergistic method for the determination of EBhas been established with satisfactory results.