Risk Factors for Prevention Stroke (IS or TIA) Due to Cerebral Infarction in Young Adults: A Meta-Analytical Study

Ischemic strokes (IS), also referred to as cerebral ischemia or brain ischemia, is a significant cause to the brain cells damage or death. Approximately, 10% - 14% of ischemic strokes cases occurred in young adults. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to find the effective interventions to prevent the best strokes caused by cerebral infarction in young adults. The search was done in different databases, including Google scholar, PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 2016 to April 2020, and only English published articles were considered. Our analysis included studies that stratified the risk of ischemic stroke by CHA2DS2-VASc score for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Further, random effects model was used to estimate the summary annual rate of IS. Pooled relative risks and odds ratios, with their 95% confidence intervals, were calculated, respectively. The analysis was conducted using STATA (version 12), pooled effect sizes were calculated using the random-effects model and heterogeneity was tested for using the I2 statistic. The analysis included 13 studies. The analysis shows that diabetes, high blood pressure, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, hypercholesterolemia, alcohol consumption and smoking are significant risk factors. In Caucasian and Chinese ischemic stroke patients, the risk factor associations associated with ischemic stroke subtypes are similar. Compared to all other ischemia subtypes, diabetes is more familiar with aortic stroke, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease (with obstruction), hypertension and diabetes. Our research shows that atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, and hypercholesterolemia are low in patients with ischemic stroke and the risk factors are higher. Further analysis of each patient’s data is required to enable confounders’ adjustments to confirm and expand these findings.

Risk factors of posttraumatic cerebral infarction in patients with severe and extremely severe head injury

Objective To explore pathogenesis and risk factors for posttraumatic cerebral infarction (PTCI) in patients with severe and extremely severe head injuries for the purpose of providing clues for reducing occurrence of PTCI and case-fatality. Methods Gender,age,Glasgow coma scale (GCS) ,the presence or absence of basicranial fracture,cerebral hernia or infection,surgical modality,hypotension,and the use of diuretics

Risk factors and ankle brachial indexes in cerebral infarction combined with peripheral arterial disease

BACKGROUND: Ankle brachial index (ABI) is widely involved in researches and clinical application of peripheral vascular injury of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM); however, the application in cerebral infarction (CI) is rare. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible risk factor of cerebral infarction plus peripheral arterial disease (PAD), compare metabolic characteristics of patients who having CI plus PAD or only having CI, and understand the significance of ABI on screening and diagnosing CI plus PAD of lower limb. DESIGN: Contrast observation based on CI patients. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 124 CI patients were selected from Department of Neurology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from July 2005 to April 2006, including 72 males and 52 females aged from 45 to 88 years. All patients met the diagnostic criteria of cerebrovascular disease established by National Academic Conference of Cerebrovascular Diseases in 1995 and determined as cerebral infarction with MRI or CT examination. All patients provided informed consent. There were 46 cases (37.2%) with CI plus PAD and 78 cases (62.8%) only with CI. METHODS: Blood pressure of bilateral ankles and upper extremities was measured at plain clinostatism with DINAMAP blood pressure monitor (GE Company). The ratio between average systolic pressure of lateral ankle and average systolic pressure of both upper extremities was regarded as ABI. The normal ABI was equal to or more than 0.9. If ABI < 0.9 occurred at one side, patients were diagnosed as PAD. On the second morning after hospitalization, blood was collected to measure fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (PBG2h), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Among them, blood glucose, lipid and other biochemical markers were measured with enzyme chemistry assay and HbA1c was measured with HbA1c meter based on high liquid phase. Measurement data and enumeration data were compared with t test and Chi-square test, and multiple factors were dealt with Logistic regression analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of correlation between ABI and metabolic markers with multivariate linear regression analysis; risk factors of CI plus PAD with Logistic regression analysis; comparisons of metabolic markers between PAD and non-PAD patients. RESULTS: All 124 patients with acute CI were involved in the final analysis. ① Comparisons of metabolic markers: Levels of serum LDL-C and uric acid (UA) were higher of PAD patients than those of non-PAD patients (t =2.051 9, 3.339 1, P < 0.05); however, there were no significant differences among other metabolic markers (P > 0.05). ② Results of multivariate linear regression analysis: PBG2h, LDL-C and UA were obvious correlation with ABI of posterior tibial artery of lower limb and dorsal pedis artery (partial regression coefficient = -0.231 to -1.010, P < 0.05). ③ Risk factors of CI plus PAD with Logistic regression analysis: Age, smoking history, sum of CI focus (≥3) and LDL-C were independent risk factor of CI plus PAD (OR =1.524-5.422, P < 0.05-0.01). CONCLUSION: ① Levels of serum LDL-C and UA of patients with CI plus PAD are high. ② ABI of lower limbs is correlation with PBG2h, LDL-C and UA. In addition, measuring ABI is beneficial for early diagnosing PAD of lower limbs of patients who have poorly controlled blood glucose, abnormal lipid and poor renal function. ③ Age, LDL-C and sum of CI focus (≥3) are independent risk factors of CI plus PAD. It is of significance for screening non-PAD patients to evaluate risk degrees and prognosis and select therapeutic methods based on ABI measurement.

Changes of serum high sensitive C-reactive protein in patients with acute cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND： Serum high sensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）, which regards as a high sensitive mark of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, can provide a lot of valuable information for the treatment and prognosis of cerebrovascular disease. OBJECTIVE： To observe the differences of blood glucose, lipid, homocysteine and previous disease history among patients with acute cerebral infarction at various levels of hs-CRP and compare changes of hs-CRP of patients with various degrees of neurologic impairment. DESIGN： Contrast observation. SETTING： Department of Neurology, Shenzhou Hospital, Shenyang Medical College. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 102 patients with acute cerebral infarction were selected from Department of Neurology, Shenzhou Hospital of Shenyang Medical College from February 2005 to September 2006, including 55 males and 47 females aged from 55 to 86 years. All accepted patients met the diagnostic criteria of cerebral infarction established by the Fourth National Cerebrovascular Disease Academic Meeting and were diagnosed with CT or MRI examination. All patients provided the confirmed consent. Based on clinical criteria of neurologic impairment established by the Fourth National Cerebrovascular Disease Academic Meeting, patients were randomly divided into mild group （0 - 15 points, n =46）, moderate group （16 - 30 points, n =38） and severe group （31 - 45 points, n =18）. In addition, based on hs-CRP level within 72 hours, patients were divided into normal group （hs-CRP ≤3 mg/L, n =53） and increasing group （hs-CRP 〉 3 mg/L, n =-49）. METHODS： ① 2 mL venous blood was selected from hospitalized patients in the next morning to separate serum. Quantitative measurement of hs-CRP was dealt with Latex Enhnced Turbidimetric Immunoassay （LETIA）. ②Fasting venous blood was colleted from hospitalized patients in the next morning to measure numeration of white blood cells, fibrinogen, blood glucose, total cholesterol （TC）, triacylglycerol （TG）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） and homocysteine. ③Measurement data were compared with t test or analysis of variance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ①Comparisons of serum biochemical indexes among patients with various levels of hs-CRP; ②comparisons of risk factors among patients with various levels of hs-CRP; ③comparisons of levels of hs-CRP among patients with various degrees of clinical neurologic impairment. RESULTS： A total of 102 patients were involved in the final analysis. ①Plasma fibrinogen and numeration of leucocytes were more in the increasing group than those in the normal group （t =4.39, 3.54, P 〈 0.01）; while, there were no significant differences of blood glucose, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and homocysteine between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. ② Percentage of patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus （DM） was higher in the increasing group than the normal group （ Х^2=3.98, 4.23, P 〈 0.05）; while, percentage of patients with smoking in the increasing group was not significantly different from that of patients in the normal group （P 〉 0.05）. ③Level of hs-CRP of patients with severe neurologic impairment was higher than that of patients with moderate neurologic impairment （t =2.273, P 〈 0.05）; that of patients with moderate neurologic impairment was higher than that of patients with mild neurologic impairment （t =2.586, P 〈 0.05）; that of patients with severe neurologic impairment was obviously higher than that of patients with mild neurologic impairment （t = 4.913, P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： ① With the increase of hs-CRP, plasma fibrinogen and numeration of leucocytes of patients with acute cerebral infarction is increased, especially, they are increased remarkably among patients who have history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. ②Increase of level of hs-CRP can be regarded as one of marks to evaluate severity of acute stroke.

A Study on the Correlation Between Cerebral Small Vascular Disease and Constitution Types of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective:To study the correlation between cerebral small vascular disease and constitution types of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).Methods:The severity of lacunar infarction and leukoaraiosis were graded in 230 patients with cerebral small vascular disease,and they were divided into TCM constitution types.The survey of TCM constitution types was carried out by using standardized TCM constitution scale,and order multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between TCM constitution types with severity of lacunar infarction and leukoaraiosis.Results:Yang-deficiency(阳虚)constitution,blood-stasis constitution and phlegm-dampness constitution were the most common TCM constitution types in patients with lacunar infarction,accounting for 33.7%,12.5%,11.5%respectively.Yang-deficiency constitution,blood-stasis constitution and Yin-deficiency(阴虚)constitution were the most common TCM constitution types in patients with leukoaraiosis,accounting for 28.8%,18.5%,13.7%respectively.There were significant differences in lacunar infarction of Yang-deficiency constitution and blood stasis constitution(P<0.05),and there were significant differences in leukoaraiosis of phlegmdampness constitution and blood-stasis constitution(P<0.05).Single factor analysis showed that the main risk factors of lacunar infarction were age,smoking,alcohol consumption,Yang-deficiency constitution and blood-stasis constitution,and the main risk factors of leukoaraiosis were age,smoking,hypertensive disease,phlegm-dampness constitution and blood-stasis constitution.The ordered multivariate Logistic regression analysis found that the severity of lacunar infarction was closely related to age,and the severity of leukoplosis was closely related to age,smoking and hypertension disease.Conclusion:TCM constitution types of lacunar infarction in patients with small cerebral vascular disease is mainly Yang-deficiency constitution and blood-stasis constitution,and the risk factors include age,smoking,alcohol consumption,Yang-deficiency constitution and blood-stasis constitution.Age is closely related with lacunar infarction.TCM constitution types with leukoaraiosis are mainly phlegm-dampness constitution and blood-stasis constitution,and the risk factors are age,smoking,hypertension disease,phlegm-dampness constitution and blood-stasis constitution.Age,smoking and hypertension disease are closely related with leukoaraiosis.

老年急性脑梗死患者血清Del-1和IL-17水平变化及与梗死面积和预后的关系

目的 探究老年急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清内皮发育调节基因-1(Del-1)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)水平与脑梗死面积、病情严重程度及预后的关系。方法 回顾性收集2019-01-2021-12厦门大学附属东南医院收治的126例老年ACI患者(病例组)及105名健康体检者(对照组)的临床资料,根据脑梗死面积将病例组患者分为大面积梗死组(梗死最大直径>5 cm,n=14)、中面积梗死组(梗死最大直径3~5 cm,n=53)和小面积梗死组(梗死最大直径<3 cm,n=59);根据NIHSS评分分为重症组(NIHSS评分≥16分,n=13)、中症组(5分<NIHSS评分<15分,n=58)和轻症组(NIHSS评分≤5分,n=55);根据m RS评分分为预后良好组(mRS评分≤2分,n=81)和预后不良组(mRS评分>2分,n=45)。采用荧光免疫法检测血清Del-1、IL-17水平,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估血清Del-1、IL-17水平预测老年ACI患者预后的价值。结果 病例组吸烟史比例、收缩压、舒张压、糖化血红蛋白、血清IL-17水平均高于对照组,血清Del-1水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。不同脑梗死面积患者血清Del-1水平比较,小面积梗死组>中面积梗死组>大面积梗死组;血清IL-17水平比较,小面积梗死组<中面积梗死组<大面积梗死组(P<0.05)。轻症组血清Del-1水平高于中症组、重症组(P<0.05),不同病情严重程度患者血清IL-17水平比较,重症组>中症组>轻症组(P<0.05)。预后良好组患者血清Del-1水平高于预后不良组,血清IL-17水平低于预后不良组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清Del-1、IL-17预测ACI患者预后的AUC值分别为0.763、0.747(P<0.05)。结论 老年ACI患者血清Del-1水平较低,IL-17水平较高,二者与患者脑梗死面积、病情严重程度和预后关系密切,可作为预测老年ACI患者预后的可靠指标。

脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块形成的危险因素分析

目的探究脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块形成的相关危险因素。方法入组2021-09—2023-09于河南科技大学第一附属医院住院治疗的脑梗死患者287例,按照颈动脉超声结果分为有斑块组和无斑块组,采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析明确脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块形成的影响因素和危险因素。结果单因素分析显示,年龄、性别、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、血同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平增高是脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块形成的影响因素(P<0.05),男性更好发,且年龄越大,斑块检出率越高;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血Hcy水平增高是其独立危险因素(OR=2.715,P<0.001)。结论血Hcy水平增高是脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块形成的独立危险因素。

急性脑梗死静脉溶栓治疗短期预后不良预测模型的建立及验证

目的评估入院指标与急性脑梗死溶栓治疗患者短期临床预后的相关性,建立并验证预后不良的预测模型。方法回顾性分析2020-01—2023-12河南大学第一附属医院的165例急性脑梗死溶栓治疗患者的资料。根据溶栓90 d后改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分将患者分为预后良好组及预后不良组,并进行组间单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析,分析血清生物学标志物联合相关临床评估量表与急性脑梗死溶栓治疗患者预后的关系,建立预后预测模型并进行验证。结果共纳入165例患者,预后良好126例,预后不良39例。单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病史、高NIHSS评分及白细胞、中性粒细胞、D-二聚体升高是急性脑梗死溶栓治疗患者90 d预后不良的独立预测因子。ROC曲线分析表明,糖尿病史、NIHSS评分、白细胞、中性粒细胞、D-二聚体评估急性脑梗死患者90 d预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)分别0.677、0.826、0.876、0.765、0.863,灵敏度分别为51.3%、82.1%、89.7%、79.5%、79.5%,特异度分别为84.1%、77.8%、77.8%、64.3%、86.5%。以上指标联合构建预后预测模型,该模型具有较好的区分度、临床可用性和校准度。结论结合独立预测因子建立的预后不良风险预测模型清晰简易,可在患者入院时准确预测患者预后,帮助临床早期选择合理干预措施,改善患者预后。

卵圆孔未闭合并脑梗死的危险因素及经食道超声引导下的封堵价值

目的:探讨卵圆孔未闭合并脑梗死的危险因素及经食道超声引导下的封堵价值。方法:选取120例卵圆孔未闭患者为研究对象,依据是否发生脑梗死分为单纯卵圆孔未闭组(n=78)和卵圆孔未闭合并脑梗死组(n=42);卵圆孔未闭合并脑梗死组再根据治疗方式不同分为常规治疗组(n=18)和介入封堵组(n=24)。分析卵圆孔未闭合并脑梗死的危险因素;比较卵圆孔未闭合并脑梗死组不同治疗方式患者的临床疗效、头痛程度[头痛影响测评量表6(HIT-6)评分]和脑梗死相关并发症发生情况。结果:单因素及多因素分析显示,年龄、患有高血压和糖尿病、红细胞分布宽度变异系数和纤维蛋白原异常是卵圆孔未闭患者发生脑梗死的危险因素(P<0.05)。介入封堵组患者治疗总有效率高于常规治疗组(83.33%vs.50.00%,P<0.05);HIT-6评分低于常规治疗组[(32.15±4.08)分vs.(47.26±4.63)分,P<0.05];脑梗死相关症状并发症发生率低于常规治疗组(4.17%vs.44.44%,P<0.05)。结论:高龄、患有高血压和糖尿病、红细胞分布宽度变异系数及纤维蛋白原指标异常均是卵圆孔未闭患者发生脑梗死的危险因素;经食道超声引导下的封堵术能提高卵圆孔未闭合并脑梗死患者的临床疗效,降低头痛程度和脑梗死相关症并发症的发生率,值得临床推广应用。

外周血Lp-PLA2和FGF23水平变化与脑梗死后认知功能障碍的相关性

目的分析外周血脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)、成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF23)水平变化与脑梗死后患者认知功能障碍的相关性。方法选取2019-04—2022-12邯郸市中心医院收治的160例脑梗死患者为研究对象,根据患者是否发生认知功能障碍分为认知障碍组和非认知障碍组,对比2组基线资料及外周血Lp-PLA2、FGF23水平,并采用Logistic回归分析患者发生认知功能障碍的影响因素,采用Pearson相关性分析外周血Lp-PLA2、FGF23与简易智力状态评价量表(MMSE)评分的关系,采用ROC曲线评估外周血Lp-PLA2、FGF23对脑梗死后患者认知功能障碍的预测价值。结果160例脑梗死患者中,48例(30.00%)发生认知功能障碍。认知障碍组患者的平均年龄、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、文化程度、MMSE评分及血清Lp-PLA2、FGF23水平等方面与非认知障碍组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、文化程度低及血清Lp-PLA2、FGF23水平升高是影响脑梗死后认知功能障碍发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,脑梗死患者血清Lp-PLA2、FGF23水平与MMSE评分呈负相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,Lp-PLA2的曲线下面积为0.770,FGF23的曲线下面积为0.779,联合检测的曲线下面积为0.873(P<0.05),表示两者联合检测可作为评价脑梗死后认知功能障碍的有效指标。结论Lp-PLA2、FGF23在脑梗死后认知功能障碍患者血清中均呈高表达,二者联合检测有助于提高对脑梗死后认知功能障碍的预测价值。

ABCD2评分、PAF、sCD40L、C1q对短暂性脑缺血发作后脑梗死的预测价值及其危险因素分析

目的探讨ABCD2评分及血清血小板活化因子(PAF)、可溶性CD40配体(sCD40L)、补体1q(C1q)对短暂性脑缺血发作后脑梗死的预测价值。方法回顾性选取2020年11月至2022年12月该院收治的94例短暂性脑缺血发作后脑梗死患者作为脑梗死组,另选取同期收治的146例短暂性脑缺血发作后非脑梗死患者作为非脑梗死组。比较两组临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析短暂性脑缺血发作后脑梗死的危险因素,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析ABCD2评分及血清PAF、sCD40L、C1q单独及联合检测对短暂性脑缺血发作后脑梗死的预测价值。结果脑梗死组和非脑梗死组颈部血管斑块、发作持续时间、发作频率情况,ABCD2评分及血清PAF、sCD40L、C1q、白细胞介素(IL)-6、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,有颈部血管斑块、发作持续时间≥15 min、发作频率≥2次/月,以及ABCD2评分,血清PAF、sCD40L、C1q、IL-6、hs-CRP水平升高是短暂性脑缺血发作后脑梗死的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,ABCD2评分及血清PAF、sCD40L、C1q联合预测短暂性脑缺血发作后脑梗死的灵敏度、曲线下面积分别为96.81%、0.927,高于或大于ABCD2评分及血清PAF、sCD40L、C1q单独预测(P<0.05);ABCD2评分、血清PAF单独预测的灵敏度分别高于血清sCD40L、C1q单独预测的灵敏度(P<0.05);ABCD2评分及血清PAF、sCD40L单独预测的特异度高于血清C1q单独、4项指标联合预测的特异度(P<0.05),血清C1q单独预测的特异度高于4项指标联合预测的特异度(P<0.05)。结论短暂性脑缺血发作后脑梗死的发生与患者有颈部血管斑块、发作持续时间≥15 min、发作频率≥2次/月,以及ABCD2评分,血清PAF、sCD40L、C1q、IL-6、hs-CRP水平升高均密切相关,且ABCD2评分及血清PAF、sCD40L、C1q联合检测对短暂性脑缺血发作后脑梗死的预测价值更高。

老年急性脑梗死患者术后神经功能恢复不良的影响因素分析

目的分析老年急性脑梗死患者术后神经功能恢复不良的影响因素,并构建风险列线图预测模型。方法选取2021-01—2022-12于发病4.5 h内在济宁医学院附属医院进行静脉溶栓术的174例老年急性脑梗死患者,根据术后神经功能恢复情况分为恢复良好组(n=113)与恢复不良组(n=61),采用Logistic回归分析影响老年急性脑梗死患者术后神经功能恢复的危险因素;采用R软件构建预测老年急性脑梗死患者术后神经功能恢复不良的列线图模型;采用ROC曲线、校准曲线、Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验评估列线图模型的效能。结果174例老年急性脑梗死患者,61例(35.06%)术后神经功能恢复不良,113例(64.94%)术后神经功能恢复良好。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病(95%CI:2.466~21.685,P<0.001)、心房颤动(95%CI:1.485~24.484,P=0.012)、基线NIHSS评分≥12.50分(95%CI:5.945~53.525,P<0.001)、出血性转化(95%CI:1.823~15.328,P=0.002)、责任血管中度狭窄(95%CI:1.686~17.834,P=0.005)、责任血管重度狭窄(95%CI:2.769~40.737,P=0.001)为老年急性脑梗死患者术后神经功能恢复不良的独立危险因素。该列线图模型预测老年急性脑梗死患者术后神经功能恢复不良的ROC曲线下面积0.872(95%CI:0.816~0.928),绘制校准曲线显示预测概率曲线与实际概率曲线基本吻合,且Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验χ^(2)=7.943,P=0.439。结论糖尿病、心房颤动、基线NIHSS评分≥12.50分、出血性转化、责任血管中/重度狭窄是老年急性脑梗死患者术后神经功能恢复不良的独立危险因素,依此构建的风险列线图预测模型经验有较好的预测效能,能准确、有效预测老年急性脑梗死患者术后神经功能恢复不良发生风险。

急性脑梗死患者泌尿系统感染相关因素分析及预测模型建立

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者泌尿系统感染的危险因素,建立感染预测模型,为制定防控措施提供参考。方法回顾性分析2021年1月~2022年12月新乡医学院第一附属医院223例急性脑梗死患者的临床资料,其中泌尿系统感染者48例纳入感染组,未发生泌尿系统感染者175例纳入未感染组,采用Logistic回归分析筛选脑梗死患者发生泌尿系统感染的危险因素并构建预测模型,采用受试者工作曲线(ROC)评估模型判别效度和截点值。结果Logisitic回归分析显示女性、年龄≥60岁、糖尿病史、泌尿系统结石、留置导尿管是脑梗死患者发生泌尿系统感染的独立危险因素;根据多因素分析结果构建脑梗死患者泌尿系统感染概率值回归方程为:P=1/[1+e^(-(-3.883+1.001*性别+0.880*年龄+1.136*糖尿病+1.018*泌尿系统结石+1.957*留置导尿管))];建模组对模型进行内部验证ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.823,95%CI(0.762,0.884),灵敏度为87.50%,特异度为64.00%,区分度良好,根据约登指数最大原则选取cut-off点为0.120。结论建立的预测模型判别效度较佳,可用于识别脑梗死泌尿系统感染高危患者。

急性脑梗死患者发生Hp感染的危险因素

目的 探讨急性脑梗死(ACI)患者幽门螺杆菌(Hp)发生的危险因素,为临床干预提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年5月南阳市中心医院收治的156例ACI患者临床资料,依据是否发生Hp感染,分为发生组73例、未发生组83例。采用多因素logistic回归分析Hp感染发生的影响因素。结果 年龄、NIHSS评分、动态动脉硬化指数、脑白质疏松程度评分、房颤、白细胞计数、白细胞介素-6、C反应蛋白、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、丙二醛、同型半胱氨酸为Hp感染发生的独立危险因素,血清血管内皮生长因子水平为Hp感染发生的独立保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 ACI患者Hp感染发生的危险因素较多,临床应提前进行筛查,并采取相应干预措施,以降低Hp感染发生率。

急诊脑梗死病人溶栓后神经功能恶化风险预测模型的构建及验证

目的:构建急诊脑梗死病人溶栓后神经功能恶化风险预测模型,并进行效果检验。方法:采用便利抽样法,将2022年1月—2023年1月110例急诊脑梗死病人作为研究对象,按照溶栓后是否出现神经功能恶化分为恶化组与未恶化组,采用单因素分析、多因素Logistic回归分析筛选急诊脑梗死病人溶栓后神经功能恶化的相关危险因素,据此拟合风险预测模型的回归方程,检验模型预测效果。结果:急诊脑梗死病人溶栓后发生神经功能恶化共29例(26.36%);Logistic回归分析结果显示,溶栓前美国国立卫生院卒中量表评分、入院时收缩压、发病至溶栓时间、TOAST分型、血小板与淋巴细胞的比值(PLR)和血小板与中性粒细胞比值(PNR)为急性脑梗死病人溶栓后神经功能恶化的独立影响因素(P<0.05);预测模型Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果显示,χ^(2)=6.941,P=0.297;C指数为0.838;受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)值为0.814,95%CI(0.789,0.839),约登指数为0.683,最佳截断值为0.378,敏感度为93.5%,特异度为71.3%,模型预测准确率为81.81%。结论:在急诊脑梗死病人溶栓后神经功能恶化的危险因素基础上,建立的风险预测模型具有良好拟合程度和区分能力,且准确度较高,能为临床早期预防、早期筛选、早期治疗和管理神经功能恶化提供一定依据。

超早期脑梗死患者溶栓后出血性转化危险因素分析

目的:分析超早期脑梗死患者溶栓后出血性转化的危险因素。方法:选取2021年1月—2023年12月于吴川市人民医院接受溶栓治疗的超早期脑梗死患者377患者作为研究对象,根据溶栓后24h内出血性转化发生情况分为出血组(31例)和未出血组(346例)。分析两组临床资料,使用Logistic回归分析超早期脑梗死患者溶栓后出血性转化的危险因素。结果:超早期脑梗死患者377例溶栓后24 h内出现出血性转化31例(包括症状性出血11例,非症状性出血20例)。两组年龄,美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,格拉斯哥昏迷指数,梗死灶最大直径,合并糖尿病、合并心房颤动、合并高血压、有吸烟史占比,D-二聚体(D-D)、S100β蛋白、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、金属基质蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)水平存在显著差异(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,NIHSS评分高、梗死灶最大直径大、合并糖尿病、合并心房颤动及D-D、S100β蛋白、GFAP、MMP-9水平高是超早期脑梗死患者溶栓后出血性转化危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:超早期脑梗死患者溶栓后出血性转化的危险因素较多,临床应积极采取相应的预防措施。

入院时脑血流动力学参数与未接受再灌注治疗急性脑梗死患者早期神经功能恶化的关系分析

目的探讨入院时脑血流动力学参数与未接受再灌注治疗急性脑梗死(ACI)患者早期神经功能恶化(END)的关系。方法选取2022年3月—2023年6月新乡市中心医院收治的150例ACI患者,均于发病72 h入院治疗,根据入院7 d内是否出现END分为END组(n=23)和非END组(n=127),收集两组患者入院时相关临床指标,包括一般资料、既往病史、TOAST分型、脑卒中影响的脑循环分类、入院时脑血流动力学参数、实验室指标、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分等临床相关资料,利用多因素Logistic回归分析END的相关因素,并利用ROC曲线验证相关因素的临床价值。结果END组患者男性、有高血压、既往有缺血性脑卒中、既往有心脏病史、既往有抗凝药物使用史的占比均高于非END组(均P<0.05),END组入院NIHSS评分高于非END组(P<0.05);END组入院HDL-C水平低于非END组(P<0.05);END组患者入院Vs、Vd、Vm均低于非END组(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,入院NIHSS、Vs、Vd、Vm是影响未接受再灌注治疗ACI患者发生END的独立危险因素(OR:1.442、0.969、0.352、0.933;95%CI:1.032~2.013、0.945~0.994、0.183~0.677、0.902~0.965,均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,入院NIHSS评分、Vs、Vd、Vm均具有预测未接受再灌注治疗ACI患者发生END的价值(P<0.05)。结论导致未接受再灌注治疗的ACI患者发生END的原因复杂,其中入院NIHSS评分、大脑中动脉Vs、Vd、Vm是影响未接受再灌注治疗ACI患者发生END的独立危险因素,且具有预测价值。

后循环脑梗死轻症患者早期神经功能恶化的危险因素分析

目的探讨美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分≤5分的轻症急性后循环脑梗死(APCCI)患者早期神经功能恶化(END)的危险因素。方法回顾性收集2019年1月至2021年6月期间,保定市第一中心医院收治的入院时NIHSS评分≤5分的APCCI患者116例,根据是否发生END分为END组与非END组。比较两组的一般资料及临床特征,使用Logistic回归模型分析END的影响因素。结果21例发生END,发生率为18.10%。以END为终点事件的多变量Logistic回归分析显示,总胆固醇(TC)水平(OR=1.096,95%CI=1.034~1.158)、基线NIHSS评分(OR=2.263,95%CI=1.085~3.441)、大动脉粥样硬化型(OR=1.187,95%CI=1.043~1.332)、中段梗死(OR=4.012,95%CI=1.579~7.688)和肺部感染(OR=1.285,95%CI=1.164~1.406)是APCCI患者发生END的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论高水平TC、基线NIHSS评分高、大动脉粥样硬化型、中段梗死和合并肺部感染是轻症APCCI患者发生END的危险因素。

多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍的发生情况及影响因素分析

目的探讨多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍发生的独立风险因素。方法采用回归分析研究多发腔隙性脑梗死患者的年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、民族、吸烟史、饮酒史、运动状况、饮食状况、家族痴呆史、家族高血压史、家族脑卒中史、家族糖尿病史、合并心脏病、合并高血压、合并高血脂、合并糖尿病、脑梗死位置和NIHSS评分对多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍发生的影响。结果450例患者中40例(8.89%)发生血管性认知障碍。年龄、婚姻状况、运动状况、家族痴呆史、家族脑卒中史、合并高血压、合并高血脂、脑梗死位置和NIHSS评分是多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍发生的独立风险因素(P<0.05)。结论年龄、婚姻状况、运动状况、家族痴呆史、家族脑卒中史、合并高血压、合并高血脂、脑梗死位置和NIHSS评分对多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍的发生有显著影响,应在临床实践中加以重视,以制定有效的干预措施。

急性前循环脑梗死血管内治疗后血管痉挛发生的影响因素及与预后的相关性

目的分析急性前循环脑梗死血管内治疗后发生血管痉挛的影响因素,探讨血管痉挛对患者预后的影响。方法回顾性收集2020-01—2023-06就诊于南充市中心医院的428例急性前循环脑梗死且接受血管内治疗患者的临床资料,根据患者是否在治疗期间发生血管痉挛进行分组。比较2组临床资料,进行单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析,探讨影响血管痉挛发生的因素。比较2组改良脑梗死溶栓(mTICI)分级,分析血管痉挛是否影响患者预后。结果纳入428例患者,其中34例发生血管痉挛。单因素分析显示2组间年龄、冠心病、高血压、术前改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分、总取栓次数、支架取栓次数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析表明年龄和术前mRS评分是血管痉挛发生的独立影响因素。2组间mTICI分级、术后90 d mRS评分、24 h和出院时NIHSS评分无统计学差异(P>0.05),血管痉挛未对急性前循环脑梗死患者预后产生影响。结论急性前循环脑梗死患者年龄、术前mRS评分是血管内治疗期间血管痉挛发生的独立影响因素,取栓总次数和支架取栓次数可能影响血管痉挛的发生。急性前循环脑梗死患者血管内治疗后发生血管痉挛并未降低再灌注成功的可能性,且不影响患者预后。