The purpose of this pilot study was to determine overweight students’ compliance on low and moderate carbohydrate diets and its influence on weight loss. The 28 day study was divided into two experimental periods of ...The purpose of this pilot study was to determine overweight students’ compliance on low and moderate carbohydrate diets and its influence on weight loss. The 28 day study was divided into two experimental periods of 14 days each. For the first 14 days, Group 1 (n = 6) received LC diet (30 grams carbohydrate/day with ad libitum intake of protein and fat), and group 2 (n = 8) received MC diet (60 grams carbohydrate/day with ad libitum intake of protein and fat). After 14 days, there was a crossover of the diets. Two random 24-hour diet records, urinary ketones, and daily emotional and physical well-being journals evaluated participants’ dietary compliance. Height, weight, body mass index, and urine ketones were assessed at baseline, days 14 and 28. A 2 × 2 ANOVA was conducted to examine the difference between groups and to determine if a difference existed from baseline to the end of the diet period. During the study period, ir- respective of carbohydrate levels, a vast majority of participants had above or below the recommended intake of carbo- hydrates, indicating non-compliance due to various reasons. During each experimental period, although weight loss differences between groups over time did not exist, there was a significant weight loss within subjects over time (p < 0.01). Presence of urinary ketones during the dietary interventions were not statistically significant. In conclusion, mod-ified carbohydrate diets were effective with weight loss;however participants were non-compliant with their de- fined dietary protocols.展开更多
Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder that causes severe architectural disturbance in the small intestinal mucosa of genetically-predisposed individuals.Impaired absorption of multiple nutrients results and di...Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder that causes severe architectural disturbance in the small intestinal mucosa of genetically-predisposed individuals.Impaired absorption of multiple nutrients results and diarrhea and weight loss develop.Evidence has accumulated that a strict gluten-free diet can result in resolution of diarrhea,weight gain and normalization of nutrient malabsorption.In addition,histopathological changes also normalize,but this histopathological res-ponse appears to be time-dependent,sex-dependent and age-dependent.Compliance to a gluten-free diet is difficult and costly resulting in poor compliance and only a limited clinical response.This poses a risk for later long-term complications,including malignancy.A major practical clinical problem is the assessment of compliance to the gluten-free diet.Although symptoms may resolve and serological antibody markers may improve,multiple studies have documented ongoing architectural disturbance and inflammatory change,and with these continued inflammatory changes,a persistent risk for long-term complications.Recent immunological studies have suggested that peptides can be detected in both urine and fecal specimens that may be indicative of limited compliance.At the same time,multiple biopsy studies have demonstrated that complete normalization of the mucosa may occur in some patients within 6 mo of initiation of a gluten-free diet,but more often,up to 2 years or more may be required before repeated biopsies eventually show mucosal recovery and mucosal healing.展开更多
目的探讨跨理论模式干预对老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者饮食控制依从性的影响,为发展和完善糖尿病健康教育计划提供实践依据及实施方法。方法选取2014年3—9月在南通大学附属医院内分泌科住院治疗的老年T2DM患者159例,根据就诊的先后顺序进...目的探讨跨理论模式干预对老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者饮食控制依从性的影响,为发展和完善糖尿病健康教育计划提供实践依据及实施方法。方法选取2014年3—9月在南通大学附属医院内分泌科住院治疗的老年T2DM患者159例,根据就诊的先后顺序进行编号排序,奇数进入干预组(n=80),偶数进入对照组(n=79),患者均不知晓其所在的组别。干预前对所有患者建立档案,并进行饮食控制依从性问卷调查。对照组采用传统教育方式,参加科室专题讲座;干预组在对照组的基础上,运用跨理论模式,根据患者所处的饮食控制行为改变阶段,针对饮食控制方面问题进行一对一个体化干预。出院后两组均给予电话随访,1次/月,连续6个月。比较两组干预前后糖尿病饮食控制依从性、饮食控制行为改变阶段及临床指标。结果两组干预前饮食控制知识、饮食疗法依从性得分间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组干预后饮食控制知识、饮食疗法依从性得分间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组干预前饮食控制行为改变阶段间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组干预后饮食控制行为改变阶段间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组干预前BMI、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组干预后BMI、SBP、FPG、2 h PG、Hb A1c、TG间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而DBP、TC、HDL、LDL间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论跨理论模式健康教育在改善老年T2DM患者饮食控制依从性、饮食控制行为改变阶段及临床指标方面,效果优于传统教育,是科学、可行、有效的。展开更多
文摘The purpose of this pilot study was to determine overweight students’ compliance on low and moderate carbohydrate diets and its influence on weight loss. The 28 day study was divided into two experimental periods of 14 days each. For the first 14 days, Group 1 (n = 6) received LC diet (30 grams carbohydrate/day with ad libitum intake of protein and fat), and group 2 (n = 8) received MC diet (60 grams carbohydrate/day with ad libitum intake of protein and fat). After 14 days, there was a crossover of the diets. Two random 24-hour diet records, urinary ketones, and daily emotional and physical well-being journals evaluated participants’ dietary compliance. Height, weight, body mass index, and urine ketones were assessed at baseline, days 14 and 28. A 2 × 2 ANOVA was conducted to examine the difference between groups and to determine if a difference existed from baseline to the end of the diet period. During the study period, ir- respective of carbohydrate levels, a vast majority of participants had above or below the recommended intake of carbo- hydrates, indicating non-compliance due to various reasons. During each experimental period, although weight loss differences between groups over time did not exist, there was a significant weight loss within subjects over time (p < 0.01). Presence of urinary ketones during the dietary interventions were not statistically significant. In conclusion, mod-ified carbohydrate diets were effective with weight loss;however participants were non-compliant with their de- fined dietary protocols.
文摘Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder that causes severe architectural disturbance in the small intestinal mucosa of genetically-predisposed individuals.Impaired absorption of multiple nutrients results and diarrhea and weight loss develop.Evidence has accumulated that a strict gluten-free diet can result in resolution of diarrhea,weight gain and normalization of nutrient malabsorption.In addition,histopathological changes also normalize,but this histopathological res-ponse appears to be time-dependent,sex-dependent and age-dependent.Compliance to a gluten-free diet is difficult and costly resulting in poor compliance and only a limited clinical response.This poses a risk for later long-term complications,including malignancy.A major practical clinical problem is the assessment of compliance to the gluten-free diet.Although symptoms may resolve and serological antibody markers may improve,multiple studies have documented ongoing architectural disturbance and inflammatory change,and with these continued inflammatory changes,a persistent risk for long-term complications.Recent immunological studies have suggested that peptides can be detected in both urine and fecal specimens that may be indicative of limited compliance.At the same time,multiple biopsy studies have demonstrated that complete normalization of the mucosa may occur in some patients within 6 mo of initiation of a gluten-free diet,but more often,up to 2 years or more may be required before repeated biopsies eventually show mucosal recovery and mucosal healing.
文摘目的探讨跨理论模式干预对老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者饮食控制依从性的影响,为发展和完善糖尿病健康教育计划提供实践依据及实施方法。方法选取2014年3—9月在南通大学附属医院内分泌科住院治疗的老年T2DM患者159例,根据就诊的先后顺序进行编号排序,奇数进入干预组(n=80),偶数进入对照组(n=79),患者均不知晓其所在的组别。干预前对所有患者建立档案,并进行饮食控制依从性问卷调查。对照组采用传统教育方式,参加科室专题讲座;干预组在对照组的基础上,运用跨理论模式,根据患者所处的饮食控制行为改变阶段,针对饮食控制方面问题进行一对一个体化干预。出院后两组均给予电话随访,1次/月,连续6个月。比较两组干预前后糖尿病饮食控制依从性、饮食控制行为改变阶段及临床指标。结果两组干预前饮食控制知识、饮食疗法依从性得分间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组干预后饮食控制知识、饮食疗法依从性得分间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组干预前饮食控制行为改变阶段间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组干预后饮食控制行为改变阶段间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组干预前BMI、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组干预后BMI、SBP、FPG、2 h PG、Hb A1c、TG间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而DBP、TC、HDL、LDL间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论跨理论模式健康教育在改善老年T2DM患者饮食控制依从性、饮食控制行为改变阶段及临床指标方面,效果优于传统教育,是科学、可行、有效的。
