Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Targeted National Recruitment of Community-Dwelling Caregivers Managing Dementia-Related Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms: A Recruitment Approach for a Randomized Clinical Trial

Over 16 million caregivers of people living with dementia require support in a range of issues, including self-care, disease education, and guidance for how to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Non-pharmacological interventions are needed to address these areas, and online applications have been shown to be safe and effective. To ensure the efficacy of such interventions, racially, ethnically, geographically, and socioeconomically diverse participants must be recruited to increase the generalizability of study outcomes. This protocol paper describes a recruitment plan using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to reach a representative sample of caregivers across the United States for a national Phase III clinical study. Using publicly available census data from the American Community Survey (ACS), combined with location data for local aging resources such as Area Agencies on Aging (AAA), recruitment will be derived from data analysis conducted in ESRI ArcGIS v10.7.1. Datasets including age, gender, income, and education will be assessed nationally at the county and census tract spatial scale in a nine-step process to develop recruitment priority areas containing high concentrations of eligible participants living in the community. Overall, the current protocol will demonstrate the value of GIS in tailoring targeted outreach strategies to recruit community-dwelling populations through local resource institutions. This novel approach may have far-reaching implications in future recruitment initiatives and help to secure racially/ethnically diverse samples.

基于GIS的灌区土壤投入品残留污染监测预警系统

为了解决工业发展导致的灌区土壤投入品残留污染问题,给出一种基于地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)的土壤污染监测预警系统。该系统结合VOC-PF1型传感器、STM32主控芯片和GSM通信模块,实现了高效的数据采集和通信功能。通过反距离加权(inverse distance weighted,IDW)插值法进行空间分析,并设立预警阈值,实现对灌区土壤投入品残留污染的实时监测和预警。实验结果表明:该系统的监测精度高达98%,监测时长最高为49 s,具有很高的实用性和效率。研究结果不仅为灌区土壤投入品残留污染监测提供了有效手段,也为环境保护和农业可持续发展提供有力支持。

The Development of a Geographic Information System(GIS) Database for Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve and Its Application

The objective of this paper is to develop a GIS(Geographic Information System) database for Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve(Jiuzhaigou,hereafter) in China and demonstrate its application as a research tool.A cost-effective procedure was developed to compile a variety of geographical and biological data of the study area in terms of popular GIS format such as shape files.These files were further calibrated and validated using field surveys data.The developed GIS database was used to quantify the distributions of the wildlife(amphibians,mammals,and birds) using the distances of the wildlife to the centerline of the bus-tour routes.The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to quantify the correlation in space between pairs of different wildlife using the number of habitats for given space contexts.An ArcObject-based macro was developed to perform the analysis.The results showed the majority of the habitats of wildlife are located in the proximity of the tour-bus routes with an average distance ranging from 564 to 894 m depending on types of wildlife.This indicates a possibility of the disturbance to the wildlife by human activities.The correlation coefficient of the wildlife ranged from 0.36 to 0.64 depending on pairs of wildlife,indicating some correlations in space.However,due to the limited sample size,the statistical significances need to be further investigated.This paper has successfully demonstrated the use of the GIS-based database as a research tool for environmental study.

基于GIS的历史文化街区应急疏散能力可视化评估研究

为评估历史文化街区在旅游高峰期的应急疏散能力,探究街区的应急疏散风险区域。研究从点-线-面的角度出发,考虑行人特征因素、街巷路网因素和建筑结构因素,构建应急疏散能力评价模型。采用ANP-EWM综合评估方法确定各因素权重值,应用GIS技术进行因素可视化分级处理。在此基础上,采用空间分析方法,对单因素分级分析赋权重后进行加权叠加处理,得到历史文化街区应急疏散能力的可视化数据。以西安回民街为例进行实证分析,探究街区应急疏散能力风险区域。研究结果表明:所构建模型可以实现对研究区界的应急疏散能力可视化分级评估,反映回民街不同等级疏散风险情况。研究结果可为景区应急疏散与制定安全管理措施提供参考。

基于GIS格网模型的广州市土地生态安全格局演化

以公里格网为评价单元,构建基于PSR-NES(压力-状态-响应和经济-环境-社会)模型的土地生态安全测度指标体系,运用突变级数法动态识别2010—2020年广州市土地生态安全格局。结果表明:广州土地生态安全水平空间异质性较为明显,整体呈现“中间低,四周高”的分布格局;2010—2020年,广州市土地生态安全水平先下降后提高,其中,北部生态涵养区土地生态安全水平呈下降趋势,南部生态调节区土地生态安全状况逐渐好转,中部建成区土地生态安全状况不容乐观。未来城镇扩张应尽量避免侵占土地生态安全水平较高的区域,可通过分区治理,科学布局生产、生活、生态空间,优化产业结构,加强生态用地保护力度等措施持续改善土地生态安全状况。

Application of Geographic Information Systems to Analyses and Modeling of Hydrocarbons Anomaly in Yakla,North Tarim Basin,Xinjiang,China

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沙特NEOM隧道项目BIM与GIS关键技术研究

利用数字仿真模拟方法,在保障施工安全的基础上优化爆破方案。提出了大断面隧道大孔距设计的理论方法,有效控制隧道断面和保留岩体的损伤,并降低成本。通过模拟二维、三维路线的联动,可以对比剖切地质体,按里程桩号实时查询地质体产状及地质风险信息,根据围岩等级对施工方案进行分析,辅助施工决策。通过将项目的BIM模型接入GIS数据平台,可以将地质超前预报的信息与项目进度进行动态关联。采用BIM4D进度管理手段,采用BIM技术和数字化手段管理项目的计划和进度,帮助项目在高质量的基础上合理压缩工期,达到降本增效的目的。

Water Runoff Estimation Using Geographical Information System (GIS) for Alrakhmah Basin Valley Northeast of Iraq

The lack of water resources in many regions is the main challenge for the human being and to extended investigations. Water resources controlling and management is essential in the areas depending on the seasonal rainfall. This research aims to estimate the surface water runoff for Basin of Alrakhmah Valley located in the southwestern part of Kirkuk Province in northeastern of Iraq. Analyzing of Spatial data and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data has been conducted using Geographic Information System (GIS) to estimate the hydrological properties for the watershed valley with 158.5 km2 surface area. The results showed that watershed valley type is from the fifth rank with a longitudinal shape and topography percentage of 0.568. The watershed textures found to be 3.24 and the drain density 1.5 at 3.49 river branching. Finally, the annual estimated surface water retreat according to the morpho-hydro climatic elements found to be 0.01286233 milliard cubic meter.

基于GIS的广西食品抽样系统设计与实现

目的:设计基于地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)的广西食品抽样系统建设方案,清洗抽样数据建立大数据仓库,开发建设基于GIS的广西食品抽样系统。方法:通过运用GIS技术,建立大数据基础库,梳理从抽样计划制订,到实地抽样,再到抽样结果检测,提供区域安全风险等级图、区域抽样进度图、区域抽样覆盖完成实况;通过与实验室信息管理系统(Laboratory Information Management System,LIMS)的数据共享,实现抽样记录自动更新,数据自动完成清洗;通过Web Service接口技术实现抽、检数据互联互通,信息实时共享,消除信息孤岛。结果:优化了目前的国家食品安全抽样检验信息系统,生成区域安全风险等级图、区域抽样进度图、区域抽样覆盖完成实况等更直观的图像,实现抽样记录自动更新,数据自动完成清洗,提高了数据利用率,大幅缩短了抽样路程所需时间。结论:基于GIS的广西食品抽样系统为我区食品安全监管提供了数据信息保障,并大大减少了广西食品抽样的人力物力成本,成为食品安全智慧化监管不可或缺的工具。

Quantifying River Bank Erosion and Accretion Patterns along the Gorai River in Kushtia, Bangladesh: A Geospatial Analysis Utilizing GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques

River bank erosion is a natural process that occurs when the water flow of a river exceeds the bank’s ability to withstand it. It is a common phenomenon that causes extensive land damage, displacement of people, loss of crops, and infrastructure damage. The Gorai River, situated on the right bank of the Ganges, is a significant branch of the river that flows into the Bay of Bengal via the Mathumati and Baleswar rivers. The erosion of the banks of the Gorai River in Kushtia district is not a recent occurrence. Local residents have been dealing with this issue for the past hundred years, and according to the elderly members of the community, the erosion has become more severe activities. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to quantify river bank erosion and accretion and bankline shifting from 2003 to 2022 using multi-temporal Landsat images data with GIS and remote sensing technique. Bank-line migration occurs as a result of the interplay and interconnectedness of various factors such as the degree of river-related processes such as erosion, transportation, and deposition, the amount of water in the river during the high season, the geological and soil makeup, and human intervention in the river. The results show that the highest eroded area was 4.6 square kilometers during the period of 2016 to 2019, while the highest accreted area was 7.12 square kilometers during the period of 2013 to 2016. However, the erosion and accretion values fluctuated from year to year.

基于GIS的林业调查技术研究

随着地理信息系统(GIS)技术的不断发展和应用,基于GIS的林业调查技术在林业资源管理、生态环境保护、林火监测和森林病虫害监测等方面得到了广泛应用。该文通过概述GIS的基本概念和定义,介绍了GIS在林业调查中的应用重要性和现状,并总结了林业调查中常用的GIS技术,比如,遥感、GPS和DEM技术。同时,通过实际案例阐述了GIS在林业调查中的应用技术,并探讨了GIS在林业调查中的优势和挑战。最后,提出了加强技术研究和应用推广的建议,以促进GIS在林业调查中的进一步应用和发展,实现更科学、可持续的林业资源管理和保护。

Development of Large-Scale Land Information System (LIS) by Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Field Surveying

Cadastral maps are an important component of land administration in most countries. In virtually all developed countries, the needs of computerized land and geographic information systems (LIS/GIS) has given urgent impetus to computerizing cadastral maps and creating digital cadastral data bases (DCDB). This process is creating many institutional, legal, technical and administrative problems. This desire to establish DCDBs is being given increased impetus due to a new range of enabling technologies such as satellite position fixing (GPS), improved spatial data collection techniques such as digital theodolites and “soft copy” photogrammetry, as well as a vast range of new information and communications technological tools, thus contributing to the advancement and keeping up with the great countries. This paper presents the problem of cadastral maps. The hitherto existing cadastre, consisting of paper maps and land registers, is now becoming insufficient. Its shortcomings force developments leading to its improvement. One of the ways is the creation of a Land Information System. A digital cadastral map is the main component of this system. The structure and information content of the map is presented, its differences from analogue maps are shown, and the process of map creation is described. A digital cadastral map can be the basis for additional thematic layers, successively converting it into a complex system for management of administrative units.

基于GIS技术的山地城市火灾风险评估体系构建及应用——以重庆中心城区为例

本文在对重庆中心城区现状火灾风险特征分析的基础上,提出具典型山地特征且面向空间可视化分析的火灾风险指标体系,采用层次分析法确定各指标权重,综合运用GIS技术进行多层次多要素空间分析,识别重庆中心城区火灾风险等级区划并针对高风险地区提出安全措施建议。该方法及其应用实践,是山地城市火灾风险评估研究面向科学化、定量化及系统化发展的重要探索,可为类似城市相关研究提供参考。

基于云GIS的自然地理野外实习全流程管理系统开发与应用

针对GIS专业自然地理野外实习中地理时空特征认识受限及实习过程闭环管理的要求,引入了云GIS、三维GIS、LBS服务等新技术,设计与开发了一个集成网页端、移动端APP和微信小程序等多端应用的综合自然地理野外实习全流程管理系统,并实现了3个终端信息和数据的共享互通。系统再现了实习区域的自然地理环境,实现了实习全过程的智能信息化管理,满足了师生实习前的理论知识储备和虚拟实习,实习过程中的定位导航、路线查看、数据采集、任务考核、照片视频和笔记记录、知识检索和安全保障等,实习后的成果评价、数据分析等任务需求,有效地提高了实习效果。

基于GIS栅格技术的城轨建设成本求解优化研究

为将土地利用与交通设施建设成本相关联,精确估算城市轨道交通建设成本,文章首先基于GIS栅格技术,构建并优化城市轨道交通建设成本模型,即在考虑高架和地下2种敷设方式的基础上,将建设工程成本、拆迁成本、环境成本和社会成本纳入城市轨道交通建设成本模型;然后利用兴趣面(AOI)数据创建成本栅格图层求解城市轨道交通建设成本;最后以天津市轨道交通Z2线一期东丽区段为例,对该优化模型进行验证,以期为城市轨道交通建设成本估算研究提供新思路。

GIS COMPONENT BASED 3D LANDSLIDE HAZARD ASSESSMENT SYSTEM: 3DSLOPEGIS

In this paper, based on a new Geographic Information System (GIS) grid-based three-dimensional (3D) deterministic model and taken the slope unit as the study object, the landslide hazard is mapped by the index of the 3D safety factor. Compared with the one-dimensional (1D) model of infinite slope, which is now widely used for deterministic model based landslide hazard assessment in GIS, the GIS grid-based 3D model is more acceptable and is more adaptable for three-dimensional landslide. Assuming the initial slip as the lower part of an ellipsoid, the 3D critical slip surface in the 3D slope stability analysis is obtained by means of a minimization of the 3D safety factor using the Monte Carlo random simulation. Using a hydraulic model tool for the watershed analysis in GIS, an automatic process has been developed for identifying the slope unit from digital elevation model (DEM) data. Compared with the grid-based landslide hazard mapping method, the slope unit possesses clear topographical meaning, so its results are more credible. All the calculations are implemented by a computational program, 3DSlopeGIS, in which a GIS component is used for fulfilling the GIS spatial analysis function, and all the data for the 3D slope safety factor calculation are in the form of GIS data (the vector and the grid layers). Because of all these merits of the GIS-based 3D landslide hazard mapping method, the complex algorithms and iteration procedures of the 3D problem can also be perfectly implemented.

Geographical Information System-Based Assessment of Ecological Security in Changbai Mountain Region

Ecological security defined as the creation of a condition where the physical surroundings of a community provide for the needs of its inhabitants without diminishing its natural stock,which is important for regional security and social stability.In recent years,land use patterns in the Changbai Mountain region have changed significantly with intensive human activities,and consequently led to increasing problems in regional ecological security.Based on the Pressure-State-Impact-Response(PSIR) model and the mathematical method of catastrophe progression supported by geographical information system(GIS),the ecological security situation of the study area under land use and cover change(LUCC) was evaluated.The results indicated that the ecological security in Changbai Mountain region varied nonlinearly,which got better from 1990 to 2000 but became worse from 2000 to 2007,the ecological security levels in Changbai Mountain region were mainly medium and medium to low during the past 17 years,with higher values of Ecological Security Index(ESI) in the central region and lower values in the east and west,the ecological security situation was more serious in the settlements and river valleys,where the LUCC was most remarkable.