Microstructure and properties of 35 kg large aluminum alloy flywheel housing components formed by squeeze casting with local pressure compensation

The squeeze casting method with local pressure compensation was proposed to form a flywheel housing component with a weight of 35 kg.The numerical simulation,microstructure observation and phase characterization were performed,and the influence of local pressure compensation on feeding of thick-wall position,microstructure and mechanical properties of the formed components were discussed.Results show that the molten metal keeps a good fluidity and the filling is complete during the filling process.Although the solidification at thick-wall positions of the mounting ports is slow,the local pressure compensation effectively realizes the local forced feeding,significantly eliminating the shrinkage cavity defects.In the microstructure of AlSi9Mg alloy,α-Al primarily consists of fragmented dendrites and rosette grains,while eutectic Si predominantly comprises needles and short rods.The impact of local pressure compensation on strength is relatively minimal,yet its influence on elongation is considerable.Following local pressure compensation,the average elongation at the compensated areas is 9.18%,which represents a 44.90%higher than that before compensation.The average tensile strength is 209.1 MPa,and the average yield strength is 100.6 MPa.The local pressure compensation can significantly reduce or even eliminate the internal defects in the 35 kg large-weight components formed by squeeze casting.

Effect of component substitution on the microstructure and mechanical properties of MCoCrFeNiTi_x (M = Cu, Al) solid-solution alloys

MCoCrFeNiTix （M = Cu, Al; x： molar ratio, x = 0, 0.5） alloys were prepared using the new alloy-design strategy of equal-atomic ratio and high entropy. By the component substitution orAl for Cu, the microstructure changes from the face-centered cubic solid solution of original CuCoCrFeNiTix alloys to the body-centered cubic solid solution of AlCoCrFeNiTix alloys. Compared with original CuCoCrFeNiTix alloys, AlCoCrFeNiTix alloys keep the similar good ductility and simultaneously possess a much higher compressive strength, which are even superior to most of the reported high-strength alloys like bulk metallic glasses.

RESEARCH ON LASER DIRECT DEPOSITION PROCESS OF Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY

Laser direct deposition （LDD） of metallic components is an advanced technology of combining CAD/CAM （computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing）, high power laser, and rapid prototyping. This technology uses laser beam to melt the powders fed coaxiaUy into the molten pool by the laser beam to fabricate fuUy dense metallic components. The present article mainly studies the LDD of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, which can be used to fabricate aircraft components. The mechanical properties of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, fabricated by LDD, are obtained using the tension test, and the oxygen content of used powders and deposited specimens are measured. In the present article, it can be seen that the mechanical properties obtained using this method are higher than the ones obtained by casting, and equal to those got by wrought anneal. One aircraft part has been made using the LDD process. Because of this aircraft part, with sophisticated shape, the effect of the laser scanning track on the internal soundness of the deposited part was discussed.

Application research of centrifugal investment cast TiAl component used for advanced aircraft engine

A more complex structural component with small size and very thin walls and blades used for advanced aircraft engine was fabricated well by induction skull melting and centrifugal investment casting with a proper ceramic mold. The tensile elongation and ultimate strength of the hot isostatically pressed (HIPped) Ti 46.5Al 2.5V 1Cr (mole fraction, %) casting alloys are up to 2.5% and 645?MPa at room temperature, and 31% and 593?MPa at 800?℃. The fracture roughness at room temperature is up to 28?MPa·m 1/2 . The endurance tensile strength at 800?℃ for 150?h, is higher than 200?MPa. The high cycle rotary bending fatigue strengths for 1×10 7 cycles at room temperature and 800?℃ are 412?MPa and 270?MPa, respectively.

Effect of sodium modification on microstructure and mechanical properties of thick-walled AlSi6Cu2.5 rheocast component

The microstructure and tensile properties were investigated in a thick-walled section （approximately 45 mm×43 mm） of a rheocast component produced by the RheoMetalTM process. Due to the long solidification period of such components, it is expected that the A1-Si eutectic formed will be coarse. Therefore, sodium （Na） was used as a modifying agent to reduce the coarseness of the eutectic. Tensile test bars were machined from three different sets of materials： 1） non-modified melt, 2） modified melt cast directly after Na addition, and 3） modified melt cast 30 min after Na addition. The alloy used was a secondary AlSi6Cu2.5 alloy （STENAL Rheol）, specially developed for rheocasting. The material was studied in the as-cast condition as well as after a T6 heat treatment. The results show that the Al-Si eutectic is significantly refined by the Na addition, even after a fading time of 30 min. However, it is observed that the Na modification generally has a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties, despite the structure refinement. This is especially true in the T6 heat treated condition, where the yield strength is reduced by more than 30%. Some possible mechanisms for the degradation of mechanical performance are discussed.

Dependence of Nanocrystalline Phase Formation and Magnetic Properties in Fe_(25)Ni_(75) on Ball Milling Time

Nanocrystalline Fe 25 Ni 75 powders were prepared by the mechanical alloying process . They were investigated by X ray diffraction and magnetic measurements .The ball milling time dependence of grain size, internal strain and magnetic properties has been discussed. The results show that the formation of Fe 25 Ni 75 alloy phase is almost completed after milling for 30 hours. The reduction of grain size accompanied by the growth of internal strain was observed after extended milling. An average grain size about 10-20 nm of alloyed powders has been determined by Sherrer formula estimation. The saturation magnetisation Ms has a slight increase when the average grain size continues to decrease by intensive milling. This fine size of mechanically alloyed powders (10-20 nm) results in a single domain magnetic structure and the formation of superparamagnetic phase.

Recent research and development on forming for large magnesium alloy components with high mechanical properties

The lightweight of high-end equipment relies on high mechanical properties magnesium(Mg) alloy structural components, because it is the best way to improve equipment service performance and reduce energy consumption. This article summarizes the current progress and characteristics of large-scale high-performance Mg alloy components by analyzing the strengthening-toughening mechanisms, characteristics of plastic forming, and the preparation of large high mechanical properties forging blanks. Due to the lack of breakthroughs in the key technologies for forming large-scale Mg alloy components, their uniformity of mechanical properties and consistency are poor, the forming accuracy of components is low, and the production cost is high, which limit their engineering application and restrict the lightweight level of high-end equipment. In view of the above problems, the forming trends and research directions of large-scale and high mechanical properties Mg alloy components are proposed in this paper. It can provide help for the breakthrough of the key technology of large-scale Mg alloy components with high mechanical properties and expand the application of Mg alloy in high-end products.

Uneven Evolution of Microstructure,Magnetic Properties and Coercivity Mechanism of Mo-Substituted Nd-Ce-Fe-B Alloys

The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of Mo addition on the phase morphologies,microstructures and magnetic properties of the designated alloys.It is found out that the coercivity H_(cj) increases unevenly from 12.2 kOe for(Nd_(0.8)Ce_(0.2))_(13)Fe_(82)B_(5) to the maximum value of 13.3 kOe for(Nd_(0.8)Ce_(0.2))_(13)Fe_(80)B_(5)Mo_(2).The transmission electron microscopy images demonstrate that the grain size decreases with the addition of Mo,which indicates that Mo has grain refinement effect.The correlative analysis gives rise to the conclusion that the coercivity mechanism of the investigated alloys is dominated by pinning type.All in all,the enhancement of the magnetic properties is mainly attributed to the synergistic impact of grain refinement,pinning effects and the micro structural homogenization.The research may shed light on the potential development and application of rare earth-based counterpart magnets.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of multi-principal component AlCoCrFeNiCu_x alloy

By introducing Cu, AlCoCrFeNiCux （x values in molar ratio, x = 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5） alloys were designed and prepared. The effects of Cu on microstructure and properties of Al Co Cr Fe Ni alloy were investigated. The introduction of Cu results in the formation of Cu-rich FCC solid solution phase when Cu content is low.There are two FCC solid solution phases, i.e., Cu-rich FCC solid solution phase and phase transformation-induced FCC solid solution phase, when the Cu content is more than 1.0. Both the yield stress and plastic strain of alloy show a turning point when the Cu content is 0.5. Among the seven alloys, Cu0.5 alloy exhibits the largest yield stress of 1187 MPa and the lowest plastic strain of 16.01 %.

Influence of dysprosium substitution on magnetic and mechanical properties of high intrinsic coercivity Nd-Fe-B magnets prepared by double-alloy powder mixed method

The double-alloy powder mixed method is very proper for developing new small-mass products by changing the composi- tion of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets, and there is little research on this aspect. The variation on magnetic and mechanical properties of high intrinsic coercivity Nd-Fe-B magnets prepared by double-alloy powder mixed method was discussed, which is a method blend- ing two-type main phase alloy powders with different components. The results showed that the intrinsic coercivity and density of sin- tered Nd-Fe-B magnets increased gradually with the increase in Dy content, and the double-alloy powder mixed method could obtain high intrinsic coercivity Nd-Fe-B magnets with good crystallographic alignment and microstructure. The bending strength of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets declined, and the Rockwell hardness of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets first declined, and then increased with the in- crease in Dy content. The microstructure showed that there existed the phenomenon that the Dy element diffused into main phase dur- ing sintering process, and the distribution of Dy content in main phase had some variation in homogeneity as a result of incomplete reaction between the double-alloy powder types.

Coercivity enhancement of hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets with Pr-Cu alloy addition

Effects of low-melting Pr-Cu alloy addition on the microstructure and magnetic properties of the hot-deformation Nd-Fe-B magnets were investigated.A small amount of Pr-Cu addition enhances the coercivity of the hot-deformation Nd-Fe-B magnets obviously.The coercivity of the hotdeformation Nd-Fe-B magnets with 4.0 wt%Pr_(85)Cu_(15)addition increases to 1271 kA·m^(-1),75.69%higher than that of Pr-Cu-free magnet(723 kA·m^(-1)),and then decreases with5 wt%Pr_(85)Cu_(15)addition.It is observed that there a uniform RE-rich phase is formed wrapping the Nd2Fe14B main phase in the sample with 4.0%Pr_(85)Cu_(15)addition by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),which promotes the coercivity.The angular dependence of coercivity for the hot-deformation Nd-Fe-B magnets indicates that the coercivity mechanism is nucleation combined with domain wall pinning.The domain wall pinning is weakened,while the nucleation is enhanced after Pr-Cu addition.Theremanence,intrinsic coercivity,and maximum magnetic energy product of the original Nd-Fe-B magnet are 1.45 T,723 kA·m^(-1),and 419.8 kJ·m^(-3),respectively,and those of the sample with 4.0%Pr_(85)Cu_(15)alloy addition are 1.30 T,1271 kA·m^(-1),and 330.0 kJ·m^(-3),respectively.

6082-T6铝合金构件及其超大跨空间结构的受力性能与设计方法

针对6082-T6铝合金,从材料力学性能、轴压与偏压构件稳定承载力、受弯构件受力性能方面进行了系统试验和数值仿真研究;建立了国产铝合金构件试验数据库,评估了中、欧、美规范及DSM、CSM共5种设计方法的可靠度水平;对6082-T6铝合金圆管及泡沫铝填充复合管开展侧向冲击试验与数值仿真研究,提出了构件动态响应计算方法,并建立了冲击下构件变形的预测方法;针对超大跨度铝合金巨型网格结构开展了探索性研究,提出了适用于超大跨度结构的新型节点形式及稳定受力性能分析。研究成果将对6082-T6铝合金构件及结构在工程中的推广应用、提升结构的承载与抗冲击防御能力提供依据与技术支撑。

激光熔化沉积成形新型多组元Ni3Al合金的组织与力学性能

设计了一种新型多组元Ni_(3)Al合金Ni_(45)Co_(23)Fe_(9)Al_(11)Ti_(12),并采用激光熔化沉积(LMD)技术成功制备了合金。使用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、万能试验机等研究了沉积态合金的微观组织和室温力学性能。结果表明:LMD制备的Ni_(45)Co_(23)Fe_(9)Al_(11)Ti_(12)合金的晶粒为沿沉积方向外延生长的粗大柱状晶,晶粒由无侧向分枝的胞状枝晶组成,枝晶内部和枝晶间区域均由网状FCC基体和块状γ′相组成,且枝晶间区域的γ′相尺寸大于晶内。LMD成型的Ni_(45)Co_(23)Fe_(9)Al_(11)Ti_(12)合金具有良好的室温性能,其屈服强度达到879 MPa,抗拉强度为1160 MPa,断裂伸长率为9.5%,综合力学性能远优于同类合金,其屈服强度的显著提高可能与高密度γ′相有关。

2195铝锂合金氩弧焊接头组织分析及力学性能研究

针对T8态2195铝锂合金在氩弧焊焊时接头裂纹敏感性高、接头力学性能差等问题,开展2195铝锂合金焊丝研制工作,对接头的显微组织、抗裂性能及综合力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,2195铝锂合金熔焊接头主要由α-Al、Al_(2)Cu、Al_(3)(Ti,Zr)相组成,具备优异的抗裂性及力学性能,其裂纹敏感性K_(1)<1%,K_(2)=0%,接头常温抗拉强度约为390 MPa,延伸率为6.3%。BJ-4505焊丝的研制为2195铝锂合金工程应用提供技术支撑。

双相多主元合金热机械处理的进展

双相多主元合金作为一种新型金属结构材料,一经提出便受到广泛关注和研究。作为金属材料,热机械处理是调控其微观组织,提升综合力学性能的重要方法。本文综述了国内外有关双相多主元合金热机械处理的研究现状,从轧制工艺、时效参数、多级处理等方面讨论了热机械处理对双相多主元合金微观组织的调控作用,进而总结了热机械处理对其力学性能的影响,以期对双相多主元合金的热机械处理研究提供参考。

高温下多主元合金的动态变形行为与本构建模

为加速多主元合金在航空工业领域的应用,将航空发动机经常面临的高温高应变率耦合环境作为实验条件,在5种温度下开展了CoCrFeNiMn多主元合金的动态压缩实验和变形后试样的塑性变形机理微观表征。结果表明:在1273 K的高温环境中,多主元合金的动态屈服强度可达200 MPa,表现出较好的耐高温性能;随着动态塑性应变的增加,材料内部出现了晶粒粗化的现象,并且在晶界处具有更高的亚结构孕育能力。此外,量化了不同环境温度下动态塑性变形过程中绝热温升的变化规律,指出了现有动态本构关系对CoCrFeNiMn多主元合金在宽温度域内动态应力-应变关系预测能力的不足。最后,通过解耦分析初始屈服与塑性流动阶段的温度效应,建立了一个指数形式的唯象动态本构方程。该本构方程可用于预测冲击载荷作用下宽温度域内多主元合金的屈服强度和塑性流动规律。

CoCrFeNi系高熵合金的力学性能研究现状

高熵合金因其高强度、高硬度、耐辐照性和优异的高温稳定性等成为近年来材料领域里的研究热点。CoCrFeNi合金以其室温下优异的塑性受到广泛关注,而通过适当的元素成分调控改善合金的微观组织可以增加CoCrFeNi合金的强度。综述了CoCrFeNi系高熵合金的力学性能研究现状;阐述了元素掺杂、热机械处理等对CoCrFeNi合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。

A short review on the role of alloying elements in duplex stainless steels

Duplex stainless steels consisting of ferrite and austenite are widely used due to their excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.Compared with ferritic stainless steels,duplex stainless steels have better plasticity,toughness,and welding performance.They also possess higher strength and better resistance to stress,pitting,and crevice corrosion than austenitic stainless steels.In addition to the above-mentioned properties,there are cost-saving advantages in duplex stainless steels due to their lower nickel content.Today,the types of duplex stainless steel are mainly divided into four categories:lean duplex stainless steel,standard duplex stainless steel,super duplex stainless steel,and hyper duplex stainless steel.Alloying design of duplex stainless steel is an important strategy to achieve high performance.In the last two decades,significant progress has been made in both theoretical calculations and experiments.By adjusting alloying elements such as chromium,nickel,molybdenum,nitrogen,copper,tungsten and rare earth,etc.,the mechanical properties and/or corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steels can be further improved.Summarizing the comprehensive progress of alloying design of duplex stainless steel is of great significance in providing a data basis for establishing the corresponding relationship between chemical compositions and properties.Therefore,this paper reveals the specific roles of alloying elements in the duplex stainless steels and provides a reference for alloying design with different performance requirements.

ZTi60钛合金大型构件熔模精铸工艺及组织性能研究

针对ZTi60钛合金大型构件熔模精铸件研制周期长、风险大和成本高的问题,开展了大型构件缩比件的熔模铸造工艺和组织性能研究,为大型构件工艺设计和优化提供技术支持和试验验证。基于ZTi60合金特点,设计缩比件的铸造工艺参数,并使用计算机软件对浇注系统进行设计和模拟验证优化。此外,对单铸试棒进行不同参数热等静压实验以确定最佳热等静压工艺,对结构复杂难焊位置进一步加大补焊难度后试验ZTi60可焊性,取样测试不同位置的微观组织、化学成分和力学性能。结果表明,铸件浇注成形完整,表面无明显缺陷;热等静压后疏松和缩孔压实,密集气孔得到有效改善,且铸件具有良好的可焊性;铸件各部位化学成分相同、组织相同但晶粒度差异较大,力学性能均高于性能指标。

2:17型SmCo稀土永磁材料的研究现状与趋势

2:17型SmCo永磁材料主要有4种类型的磁体:高温磁体、超低温度系数的磁体、辐射取向和辐射多极取向环行磁体、高电绝缘磁体。介绍了其制造方法,主要是粉末冶金(烧结)法、还原扩散法和快淬-粘结法;描述了磁体的胞状显微组织结构和成分对结构的影响;总结了其矫顽力机理,特别是高温下的矫顽力机制;并对该永磁材料的今后研究趋势作了评述。