Regional Geological Information System combines the multi-dimensional and dynamic spatial information into an integrated spatial information system. 3D geological modeling and its preprocessing or post-processing are ...Regional Geological Information System combines the multi-dimensional and dynamic spatial information into an integrated spatial information system. 3D geological modeling and its preprocessing or post-processing are the most difficult problems for constructing the system. Based on the current 3D GIS technique, some basic problems in establishing the system are discussed in this paper, including 3D spatial data model, 3D geological modeling, and visu- alization of 3D geological data. A kind of 3D vector data model based on boundary representation for geological object and its topology was developed in order to model and visualize complex geological structures. In addition, some key techniques are pointed out for further study.展开更多
A conceptual model called virtual borehole is presented in practice engineering.Based on borehole data and the geologic section and by using GMS 6.0,MAPGIS software,the 3D stratum model of urban geologic information i...A conceptual model called virtual borehole is presented in practice engineering.Based on borehole data and the geologic section and by using GMS 6.0,MAPGIS software,the 3D stratum model of urban geologic information is established.The visual expression and analysis of 3D geologic data can be better realized in the open model established.展开更多
Owing to the close correlation of development of oil and gas reservoir and spatial geological place, the technique of GIS can be introduced into the process of development and management of oil and gas reservoir. But ...Owing to the close correlation of development of oil and gas reservoir and spatial geological place, the technique of GIS can be introduced into the process of development and management of oil and gas reservoir. But development of oil and gas reservoir has its particularity, development and management GIS of oil and gas reservoir should use the other techniques to extend the forms of representation to make up the shortages of GIS in representation. The development and management GIS of oil and gas reservoir will be perfect besides the basic functions of GIS. This paper expatiates how to use other techniques to extend GIS in development and management of oil and gas reservoir mainly from productive dynamic curve of well, layers of map piling up, 3 D geological model and replaying maps, etc. Through extended GIS in development and management of oil and gas reservoir, the forms of representation of geological information are enriched, representations of information are more direct and visual, spatial descriptive ability and forms of representation of GIS are built up and the single information system will be developed into a management and decision making system.展开更多
3D geological modeling, one of the most important applications in geosciences of 3D GIS, forms the basis and is a prerequisite for visualized representation and analysis of 3D geological data. Computer modeling of geo...3D geological modeling, one of the most important applications in geosciences of 3D GIS, forms the basis and is a prerequisite for visualized representation and analysis of 3D geological data. Computer modeling of geological faults in 3D is currently a topical research area. Structural modeling techniques of complex geological entities contain- ing reverse faults are discussed and a series of approaches are proposed. The geological concepts involved in computer modeling and visualization of geological fault in 3D are explained, the type of data of geological faults based on geo- logical exploration is analyzed, and a normative database format for geological faults is designed. Two kinds of model- ing approaches for faults are compared: a modeling technique of faults based on stratum recovery and a modeling tech- nique of faults based on interpolation in subareas. A novel approach, called the Unified Modeling Technique for stratum and fault, is presented to solve the puzzling problems of reverse faults, syn-sedimentary faults and faults terminated within geological models. A case study of a fault model of bed rock in the Beijing Olympic Green District is presented in order to show the practical result of this method. The principle and the process of computer modeling of geological faults in 3D are discussed and a series of applied technical proposals established. It strengthens our profound compre- hension of geological phenomena and the modeling approach, and establishes the basic techniques of 3D geological modeling for practical applications in the field of geosciences.展开更多
According to the characteristics of bore data,a model of 3D geologic body with generalized tri-prism as the primitive modeling element is constructed while the modeling process and key algorithms of modeling are prese...According to the characteristics of bore data,a model of 3D geologic body with generalized tri-prism as the primitive modeling element is constructed while the modeling process and key algorithms of modeling are presented here in detail.Using this method,the original bore data go through Delaunay triangulation to generate irregular triangular network on the surface,and then links stratum segments on the adjoining bores in session to form tri-prisms which would be pinched out.Finally stratified 3D geologic body model is built by an iterated search which searches for consecutive layer of the same property.The result shows that this method can effectively simulate stratified stratum modeling.展开更多
The technology of 3D geological modeling will bring about great changes in the methods of geological data acquiring, storing, processing and displaying. However, no perfect or convenient software systems have been dev...The technology of 3D geological modeling will bring about great changes in the methods of geological data acquiring, storing, processing and displaying. However, no perfect or convenient software systems have been developed up to now since the geologic data which re-flect geological entities bear the feature of diversity, uncertainty and complexity. Some supervoxel models, mathematical models of fault and geometrical models of fold have been contrived so as to show the space geometric configuration of the complicated geologic structures. The application-oriented system architecture for 3D geological modeling is established; and a novel design concept based on spatial data processing is also proposed with the technology of solid modeling as its core and the application of models as its objective. Theories and methods for 3D geological modeling will hopefully be enriched and developed. In the light of these theories and methods, a feature-based navigation visualization technique is also put forward in the paper. By integrating geo-database, graphics libraries and KBS with 3D dynamic simulation systems, geologists will be able to capture the partial characteristics and whole structure embodied in the geological data in a direct-viewing, figurative and accurate manner.展开更多
Understanding the behavior of urban air pollution is important en route for sustainable urban development (SUD). Malaysia is on its mission to be a developed country by year 2020 comprehends dealing with air pollution...Understanding the behavior of urban air pollution is important en route for sustainable urban development (SUD). Malaysia is on its mission to be a developed country by year 2020 comprehends dealing with air pollution is one of the indicators headed towards it. At present monitoring and managing air pollution in urban areas encompasses sophisticated air quality modeling and data acquisition. However, rapid developments in major cities cause difficulties in acquiring the city geometries. The existing method in acquiring city geometries data via ground or space measurement inspection such as field survey, photogrammetry, laser scanning, remote sensing or using architectural plans appears not to be practical because of its cost and efforts. Moreover, air monitoring stations deployed are intended for regional to global scale model whereby it is not accurate for urban areas with typical resolution of less than 2 km. Furthermore in urban areas, the pollutant dispersion movements are trapped between buildings initiating it to move vertically causing visualization complications which imply the limitations of existing visualization scheme that is based on two-dimensional (2D) framework. Therefore this paper aims is to perform groundwork assessment and discuss on the current scenario in Malaysia in the aspect of current policies towards SUD, air quality monitoring stations, scale model and detail discussion on air pollution dispersion model used called the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM). This research proposed the implementation of three-dimensional (3D) spatial city model as a new physical data input for OSPM. The five Level of Details (LOD) of 3D spatial city model shows the scale applicability for the dispersion model implementtation. Subsequently 3D spatial city model data commonly available on the web, by having a unified data model shows the advantages in easy data acquisition, 3D visualization of air pollution dispersion and improves visual analysis of air quality monitoring in urban areas.展开更多
3D visualization is one of major problems in “Digital Mine” theory and its technological research field. Through the observation of 3D geological models, spatial structural information, connected with the informatio...3D visualization is one of major problems in “Digital Mine” theory and its technological research field. Through the observation of 3D geological models, spatial structural information, connected with the information of production management hidden in geological data, could be detected. In order to meet the requirement of more efficient coal exploration, a case study of geological characters of the Daliuta Coal Mine is presented in which 3D visual models of the ground surface and geologic bodies are established on the basis of data models and data structures of 3D geology modeling. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) Through analysis and organization of spatial discrete data, the drillhole database is designed with the data of the Daliuta mine; the connections amomg drillhole data are real- ized and displayed in a 3D environment. (2) Combining real data of the Daliuta mine, drillhole visualization is realized in a 3D environment by using the CoalMiner system. (3) The ground surface modeling of the Daliuta coal mine adopted a surface-data model and a TIN data structure. (4) 3D models of coal seams and rock formations of the Daliuta mine are established, which provide a method for the simulation of complex surfaces of geologic bodies. In the end, the models are applied to the Daliuta coal mine and the result shows that better geological effects are obtained.展开更多
The 3D Water Chemistry Atlas is an intuitive,open source,Web-based system that enables the three-dimensional(3D)sub-surface visualization of ground water monitoring data,overlaid on the local geological model(formatio...The 3D Water Chemistry Atlas is an intuitive,open source,Web-based system that enables the three-dimensional(3D)sub-surface visualization of ground water monitoring data,overlaid on the local geological model(formation and aquifer strata).This paper firstly describes the results of evaluating existing virtual globe technologies,which led to the decision to use the Cesium open source WebGL Virtual Globe and Map Engine as the underlying platform.Next it describes the backend database and search,filtering,browse and analysis tools that were developed to enable users to interactively explore the groundwater monitoring data and interpret it spatially and temporally relative to the local geological formations and aquifers via the Cesium interface.The result is an integrated 3D visualization system that enables environmental managers and regulators to assess groundwater conditions,identify inconsistencies in the data,manage impacts and risks and make more informed decisions about coal seam gas extraction,waste water extraction,and water reuse.展开更多
基金Project 2001AA135170 supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development 863 Program of China
文摘Regional Geological Information System combines the multi-dimensional and dynamic spatial information into an integrated spatial information system. 3D geological modeling and its preprocessing or post-processing are the most difficult problems for constructing the system. Based on the current 3D GIS technique, some basic problems in establishing the system are discussed in this paper, including 3D spatial data model, 3D geological modeling, and visu- alization of 3D geological data. A kind of 3D vector data model based on boundary representation for geological object and its topology was developed in order to model and visualize complex geological structures. In addition, some key techniques are pointed out for further study.
文摘A conceptual model called virtual borehole is presented in practice engineering.Based on borehole data and the geologic section and by using GMS 6.0,MAPGIS software,the 3D stratum model of urban geologic information is established.The visual expression and analysis of 3D geologic data can be better realized in the open model established.
文摘Owing to the close correlation of development of oil and gas reservoir and spatial geological place, the technique of GIS can be introduced into the process of development and management of oil and gas reservoir. But development of oil and gas reservoir has its particularity, development and management GIS of oil and gas reservoir should use the other techniques to extend the forms of representation to make up the shortages of GIS in representation. The development and management GIS of oil and gas reservoir will be perfect besides the basic functions of GIS. This paper expatiates how to use other techniques to extend GIS in development and management of oil and gas reservoir mainly from productive dynamic curve of well, layers of map piling up, 3 D geological model and replaying maps, etc. Through extended GIS in development and management of oil and gas reservoir, the forms of representation of geological information are enriched, representations of information are more direct and visual, spatial descriptive ability and forms of representation of GIS are built up and the single information system will be developed into a management and decision making system.
基金Project 2001AA135170 supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development (863) Program of China and 06ZR14031 by the Natural ScienceFoundation of Shanghai Municipality
文摘3D geological modeling, one of the most important applications in geosciences of 3D GIS, forms the basis and is a prerequisite for visualized representation and analysis of 3D geological data. Computer modeling of geological faults in 3D is currently a topical research area. Structural modeling techniques of complex geological entities contain- ing reverse faults are discussed and a series of approaches are proposed. The geological concepts involved in computer modeling and visualization of geological fault in 3D are explained, the type of data of geological faults based on geo- logical exploration is analyzed, and a normative database format for geological faults is designed. Two kinds of model- ing approaches for faults are compared: a modeling technique of faults based on stratum recovery and a modeling tech- nique of faults based on interpolation in subareas. A novel approach, called the Unified Modeling Technique for stratum and fault, is presented to solve the puzzling problems of reverse faults, syn-sedimentary faults and faults terminated within geological models. A case study of a fault model of bed rock in the Beijing Olympic Green District is presented in order to show the practical result of this method. The principle and the process of computer modeling of geological faults in 3D are discussed and a series of applied technical proposals established. It strengthens our profound compre- hension of geological phenomena and the modeling approach, and establishes the basic techniques of 3D geological modeling for practical applications in the field of geosciences.
文摘According to the characteristics of bore data,a model of 3D geologic body with generalized tri-prism as the primitive modeling element is constructed while the modeling process and key algorithms of modeling are presented here in detail.Using this method,the original bore data go through Delaunay triangulation to generate irregular triangular network on the surface,and then links stratum segments on the adjoining bores in session to form tri-prisms which would be pinched out.Finally stratified 3D geologic body model is built by an iterated search which searches for consecutive layer of the same property.The result shows that this method can effectively simulate stratified stratum modeling.
文摘The technology of 3D geological modeling will bring about great changes in the methods of geological data acquiring, storing, processing and displaying. However, no perfect or convenient software systems have been developed up to now since the geologic data which re-flect geological entities bear the feature of diversity, uncertainty and complexity. Some supervoxel models, mathematical models of fault and geometrical models of fold have been contrived so as to show the space geometric configuration of the complicated geologic structures. The application-oriented system architecture for 3D geological modeling is established; and a novel design concept based on spatial data processing is also proposed with the technology of solid modeling as its core and the application of models as its objective. Theories and methods for 3D geological modeling will hopefully be enriched and developed. In the light of these theories and methods, a feature-based navigation visualization technique is also put forward in the paper. By integrating geo-database, graphics libraries and KBS with 3D dynamic simulation systems, geologists will be able to capture the partial characteristics and whole structure embodied in the geological data in a direct-viewing, figurative and accurate manner.
基金Major funding for this research was provided by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia and partially funded by the Land Surveyors Board of Malaysia.
文摘Understanding the behavior of urban air pollution is important en route for sustainable urban development (SUD). Malaysia is on its mission to be a developed country by year 2020 comprehends dealing with air pollution is one of the indicators headed towards it. At present monitoring and managing air pollution in urban areas encompasses sophisticated air quality modeling and data acquisition. However, rapid developments in major cities cause difficulties in acquiring the city geometries. The existing method in acquiring city geometries data via ground or space measurement inspection such as field survey, photogrammetry, laser scanning, remote sensing or using architectural plans appears not to be practical because of its cost and efforts. Moreover, air monitoring stations deployed are intended for regional to global scale model whereby it is not accurate for urban areas with typical resolution of less than 2 km. Furthermore in urban areas, the pollutant dispersion movements are trapped between buildings initiating it to move vertically causing visualization complications which imply the limitations of existing visualization scheme that is based on two-dimensional (2D) framework. Therefore this paper aims is to perform groundwork assessment and discuss on the current scenario in Malaysia in the aspect of current policies towards SUD, air quality monitoring stations, scale model and detail discussion on air pollution dispersion model used called the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM). This research proposed the implementation of three-dimensional (3D) spatial city model as a new physical data input for OSPM. The five Level of Details (LOD) of 3D spatial city model shows the scale applicability for the dispersion model implementtation. Subsequently 3D spatial city model data commonly available on the web, by having a unified data model shows the advantages in easy data acquisition, 3D visualization of air pollution dispersion and improves visual analysis of air quality monitoring in urban areas.
基金Project 2002CB412601 supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology
文摘3D visualization is one of major problems in “Digital Mine” theory and its technological research field. Through the observation of 3D geological models, spatial structural information, connected with the information of production management hidden in geological data, could be detected. In order to meet the requirement of more efficient coal exploration, a case study of geological characters of the Daliuta Coal Mine is presented in which 3D visual models of the ground surface and geologic bodies are established on the basis of data models and data structures of 3D geology modeling. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) Through analysis and organization of spatial discrete data, the drillhole database is designed with the data of the Daliuta mine; the connections amomg drillhole data are real- ized and displayed in a 3D environment. (2) Combining real data of the Daliuta mine, drillhole visualization is realized in a 3D environment by using the CoalMiner system. (3) The ground surface modeling of the Daliuta coal mine adopted a surface-data model and a TIN data structure. (4) 3D models of coal seams and rock formations of the Daliuta mine are established, which provide a method for the simulation of complex surfaces of geologic bodies. In the end, the models are applied to the Daliuta coal mine and the result shows that better geological effects are obtained.
基金funding from the CCSG,as well as the valuable contributions to the project from the other team members:Chih-hao Yu(School of ITEE)Joan Esterle(School of Earth Sciences),Alex Wolhuter and Jiajia Zheng(CWIMI)and Jim Underschultz(Sustainable Minerals Institute).
文摘The 3D Water Chemistry Atlas is an intuitive,open source,Web-based system that enables the three-dimensional(3D)sub-surface visualization of ground water monitoring data,overlaid on the local geological model(formation and aquifer strata).This paper firstly describes the results of evaluating existing virtual globe technologies,which led to the decision to use the Cesium open source WebGL Virtual Globe and Map Engine as the underlying platform.Next it describes the backend database and search,filtering,browse and analysis tools that were developed to enable users to interactively explore the groundwater monitoring data and interpret it spatially and temporally relative to the local geological formations and aquifers via the Cesium interface.The result is an integrated 3D visualization system that enables environmental managers and regulators to assess groundwater conditions,identify inconsistencies in the data,manage impacts and risks and make more informed decisions about coal seam gas extraction,waste water extraction,and water reuse.
