The spatial distribution patterns of total organic carbon and total nitrogen show significant correlations with currents of the East China Sea Shelf. Corresponding to distributions of these currents, the study area co...The spatial distribution patterns of total organic carbon and total nitrogen show significant correlations with currents of the East China Sea Shelf. Corresponding to distributions of these currents, the study area could be divided into four different parts. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in sediments show linear correlations with mean grain size, respectively, thus ＂grain size effect＂ is an important factor that influences their distributions. C/N ratios can reflect source information of organic matter to a certain degree. In contrast, nitrogen stable isotope shows different spatial distribution patterns with C/N and organic carbon stable isotope, according to their relationships and regional distributions. The highest contribution （up to 50%） of terrestrial organic carbon appears near the Changjiang Estuary with isolines projecting towards northeast, indicating the influence of the Changjiang dilution water. Terrestrial particulate organic matter suffers from effects of diagenesis, benthos and incessant inputting of dead organic matter of plankton, after depositing in seabed. Therefore, the contribution of terrestrial organic carbon to particulate organic matter is obviously greater than that to organic matter in sediments in the same place.展开更多
背景:石墨烯是最薄、最强韧的一类二维新型晶体材料,在生物医学的应用中显示出巨大的优势。血管生成和血管化骨是组织修复和再生的关键,是解决血管和成骨问题的有效途径。目的:综述石墨烯及其衍生物促进血管生成和血管化骨的特性及机制...背景:石墨烯是最薄、最强韧的一类二维新型晶体材料,在生物医学的应用中显示出巨大的优势。血管生成和血管化骨是组织修复和再生的关键,是解决血管和成骨问题的有效途径。目的:综述石墨烯及其衍生物促进血管生成和血管化骨的特性及机制,为其在血管化组织修复与再生的临床应用提供参考。方法:利用计算机检索PubMed、ScienceDirect、中国知网和万方数据库收录的相关文献,中文检索词为“石墨烯,血管生成,血管化,血管化骨,内皮细胞”,英文检索词为“graphene,Angiogenesis OR Vascularization,Vascularized bone,endothelial cells”。排除与文章主题不相关的文献,根据纳入标准和排除标准,最终纳入62篇文献进行结果分析。结果与结论:①目前氧化石墨烯在石墨烯及其衍生物中的研究较多,应用最为广泛。②石墨烯及其衍生物适用于心脏、骨、神经和创伤愈合等相关疾病。③石墨烯及其衍生物有优异的理化性能和生物学性能,但其存在潜在的细胞毒性,在应用中需注意其生物安全性。④石墨烯及其衍生物的应用还需要进一步的研究来证明其最适尺寸和浓度及降低毒性的措施。⑤就细胞层面而言,石墨烯及其衍生物可以通过促进尖端内皮细胞表型、间充质干细胞黏附和增殖、血管平滑肌细胞的生长,从而促进血管生成活性。⑥就分子层面而言,石墨烯及其衍生物可以增加血管内皮生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子及肝细胞生长因子等的表达并活化活性氧/一氧化氮合酶/一氧化氮信号通路、溶血磷脂酸R6/Hippo-YAP通路、基质细胞衍生因子1/血管内皮生长因子和ZEB1/Notch1通路。⑦氧化石墨烯和氧化石墨烯-铜可以磷酸化细胞外调节蛋白激酶并激活缺氧诱导因子1,进而促进血管内皮生长因子和骨形态生成蛋白2的表达上调,从而促进血管生成和血管化骨。⑧因此,石墨烯及其衍生物特别是氧化石墨烯由于具有优良的生物学性能、良好的促血管生成及促血管化骨能力,在血管化组织修复与再生方面有很大的应用前景。展开更多
By using instrumental micro-indentation technique, the microhardness and Young＇s modulus of SiC particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites were investigated with micro- compression-tester （MCT）. The micro-inde...By using instrumental micro-indentation technique, the microhardness and Young＇s modulus of SiC particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites were investigated with micro- compression-tester （MCT）. The micro-indentation experiments were performed with different max- imum loads, and with three loading speeds of 2.231, 4.462 and 19.368 mN/s respectively. During the investigation, matrix, particle and interface were tested by micro-indentation experiments. The results exhibit that the variations of Young＇s modulus and microhardness at particle, matrix and interface were highly dependent on the loading conditions （maximum load and loading speed） and the locations of indentation. Micro-indentation hardness experiments of matrix show the indentation size effects, i.e. the indentation hardness decreased with the indentation depth increas- ing. During the analysis, the effect of loading conditions on Young＇s modulus and microhardness were explained. Besides, the elastic-plastic properties of matrix were analyzed. The validity of cal- culated results was identified by finite element simulation. And the simulation results had been pre- liminarily analyzed from statistical aspect.展开更多
A novel laminated Al2O3/TiC/CaF2-Al2O3/TiC sandwich ceramic composite was fabricated through cold pressing and sintering to achieve better anti-wear performance, such as low friction coefficient and low wear rate. Al2...A novel laminated Al2O3/TiC/CaF2-Al2O3/TiC sandwich ceramic composite was fabricated through cold pressing and sintering to achieve better anti-wear performance, such as low friction coefficient and low wear rate. Al2O3/TiC/CaF2 and Al2O3/TiC composites were alternatively built layer-by-layer to obtain a sandwich structure. Solid lubricant CaF2 was added evenly into the Al2O3/TiC/CaF2 layer to reduce the friction and wear. Al2O3/TiC ceramic was also cold pressed and sintered for comparison. Friction analysis of the two ceramics was then conducted via a wear-and-tear machine. Worn surface and surface compositions were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectrum, respectively. Results showed that the laminated Al2O3/TiC/CaF2-Al2O3/TiC sandwich ceramic composite has lower friction coefficient and lower wear rate than those of Al2O3/TiC ceramic alone because of the addition of CaF2 into the laminated Al2O3/TiC/CaF2-Al2O3/TiC sandwich ceramic composite. Under the friction load, the tiny CaF2 particles were scraped from the Al2O3/TiC/CaF2 layer and spread on friction pairs before falling off into micropits. This process formed a smooth, self-lubricating film, which led to better anti-wear properties. Adhesive wear is the main wear mechanism of Al2O3/TiC/CaF2 layer and abrasive wear is the main wear mechanism of Al2O3/TiC layer.展开更多
Based on core and casting slice observation, well drilling and logging data, the source of carbonate materials, lithology together with electric properties, types, genesis mechanism and distribution of calcareous inte...Based on core and casting slice observation, well drilling and logging data, the source of carbonate materials, lithology together with electric properties, types, genesis mechanism and distribution of calcareous interbeds in Songtao uplift and its periphery of Qiongdongnan Basin have been thoroughly analyzed. Results show that typical features have been appeared from well logging curves, containing low gamma-ray, low acoustic travel time, low neutron value, high density, as well as bright white calcium nodules or bands in electrical imaging well-logging curves. Drilling results reveal that calcareous interbeds developed mostly in high position of paleostructures and their distribution was controlled by the combined effects of macroscopic and microscopic factors. Macroscopically, calcareous interbeds relate to paleogeomorphology together with the combination of sandstone and mudstone. They are also controlled microscopically by the source of carbonate cements and pore space. Under normal circumstances, with regard to the same sand, the closer to the mudstone and the thicker of mudstone, the more conducive to the formation of calcareous interlayer. Low compaction strength, high content of rigid particles, coarse grain size, well-sorted sandstone and large pore space during carbonate cementation are favorable for the development of calcareous interbeds.展开更多
基金National Basic Research Program of China, No.2002CB412401 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40506022+1 种基金 No.40506013 Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, No.BK2006131
文摘The spatial distribution patterns of total organic carbon and total nitrogen show significant correlations with currents of the East China Sea Shelf. Corresponding to distributions of these currents, the study area could be divided into four different parts. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in sediments show linear correlations with mean grain size, respectively, thus ＂grain size effect＂ is an important factor that influences their distributions. C/N ratios can reflect source information of organic matter to a certain degree. In contrast, nitrogen stable isotope shows different spatial distribution patterns with C/N and organic carbon stable isotope, according to their relationships and regional distributions. The highest contribution （up to 50%） of terrestrial organic carbon appears near the Changjiang Estuary with isolines projecting towards northeast, indicating the influence of the Changjiang dilution water. Terrestrial particulate organic matter suffers from effects of diagenesis, benthos and incessant inputting of dead organic matter of plankton, after depositing in seabed. Therefore, the contribution of terrestrial organic carbon to particulate organic matter is obviously greater than that to organic matter in sediments in the same place.
文摘背景:石墨烯是最薄、最强韧的一类二维新型晶体材料,在生物医学的应用中显示出巨大的优势。血管生成和血管化骨是组织修复和再生的关键,是解决血管和成骨问题的有效途径。目的:综述石墨烯及其衍生物促进血管生成和血管化骨的特性及机制,为其在血管化组织修复与再生的临床应用提供参考。方法:利用计算机检索PubMed、ScienceDirect、中国知网和万方数据库收录的相关文献,中文检索词为“石墨烯,血管生成,血管化,血管化骨,内皮细胞”,英文检索词为“graphene,Angiogenesis OR Vascularization,Vascularized bone,endothelial cells”。排除与文章主题不相关的文献,根据纳入标准和排除标准,最终纳入62篇文献进行结果分析。结果与结论:①目前氧化石墨烯在石墨烯及其衍生物中的研究较多,应用最为广泛。②石墨烯及其衍生物适用于心脏、骨、神经和创伤愈合等相关疾病。③石墨烯及其衍生物有优异的理化性能和生物学性能,但其存在潜在的细胞毒性,在应用中需注意其生物安全性。④石墨烯及其衍生物的应用还需要进一步的研究来证明其最适尺寸和浓度及降低毒性的措施。⑤就细胞层面而言,石墨烯及其衍生物可以通过促进尖端内皮细胞表型、间充质干细胞黏附和增殖、血管平滑肌细胞的生长,从而促进血管生成活性。⑥就分子层面而言,石墨烯及其衍生物可以增加血管内皮生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子及肝细胞生长因子等的表达并活化活性氧/一氧化氮合酶/一氧化氮信号通路、溶血磷脂酸R6/Hippo-YAP通路、基质细胞衍生因子1/血管内皮生长因子和ZEB1/Notch1通路。⑦氧化石墨烯和氧化石墨烯-铜可以磷酸化细胞外调节蛋白激酶并激活缺氧诱导因子1,进而促进血管内皮生长因子和骨形态生成蛋白2的表达上调,从而促进血管生成和血管化骨。⑧因此,石墨烯及其衍生物特别是氧化石墨烯由于具有优良的生物学性能、良好的促血管生成及促血管化骨能力,在血管化组织修复与再生方面有很大的应用前景。
基金the support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51275414)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (No. 2011ZE53059)
文摘By using instrumental micro-indentation technique, the microhardness and Young＇s modulus of SiC particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites were investigated with micro- compression-tester （MCT）. The micro-indentation experiments were performed with different max- imum loads, and with three loading speeds of 2.231, 4.462 and 19.368 mN/s respectively. During the investigation, matrix, particle and interface were tested by micro-indentation experiments. The results exhibit that the variations of Young＇s modulus and microhardness at particle, matrix and interface were highly dependent on the loading conditions （maximum load and loading speed） and the locations of indentation. Micro-indentation hardness experiments of matrix show the indentation size effects, i.e. the indentation hardness decreased with the indentation depth increas- ing. During the analysis, the effect of loading conditions on Young＇s modulus and microhardness were explained. Besides, the elastic-plastic properties of matrix were analyzed. The validity of cal- culated results was identified by finite element simulation. And the simulation results had been pre- liminarily analyzed from statistical aspect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China(No.51005100)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.20110491572)Scientific and Technologic Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2012GGX10324)
文摘A novel laminated Al2O3/TiC/CaF2-Al2O3/TiC sandwich ceramic composite was fabricated through cold pressing and sintering to achieve better anti-wear performance, such as low friction coefficient and low wear rate. Al2O3/TiC/CaF2 and Al2O3/TiC composites were alternatively built layer-by-layer to obtain a sandwich structure. Solid lubricant CaF2 was added evenly into the Al2O3/TiC/CaF2 layer to reduce the friction and wear. Al2O3/TiC ceramic was also cold pressed and sintered for comparison. Friction analysis of the two ceramics was then conducted via a wear-and-tear machine. Worn surface and surface compositions were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectrum, respectively. Results showed that the laminated Al2O3/TiC/CaF2-Al2O3/TiC sandwich ceramic composite has lower friction coefficient and lower wear rate than those of Al2O3/TiC ceramic alone because of the addition of CaF2 into the laminated Al2O3/TiC/CaF2-Al2O3/TiC sandwich ceramic composite. Under the friction load, the tiny CaF2 particles were scraped from the Al2O3/TiC/CaF2 layer and spread on friction pairs before falling off into micropits. This process formed a smooth, self-lubricating film, which led to better anti-wear properties. Adhesive wear is the main wear mechanism of Al2O3/TiC/CaF2 layer and abrasive wear is the main wear mechanism of Al2O3/TiC layer.
文摘Based on core and casting slice observation, well drilling and logging data, the source of carbonate materials, lithology together with electric properties, types, genesis mechanism and distribution of calcareous interbeds in Songtao uplift and its periphery of Qiongdongnan Basin have been thoroughly analyzed. Results show that typical features have been appeared from well logging curves, containing low gamma-ray, low acoustic travel time, low neutron value, high density, as well as bright white calcium nodules or bands in electrical imaging well-logging curves. Drilling results reveal that calcareous interbeds developed mostly in high position of paleostructures and their distribution was controlled by the combined effects of macroscopic and microscopic factors. Macroscopically, calcareous interbeds relate to paleogeomorphology together with the combination of sandstone and mudstone. They are also controlled microscopically by the source of carbonate cements and pore space. Under normal circumstances, with regard to the same sand, the closer to the mudstone and the thicker of mudstone, the more conducive to the formation of calcareous interlayer. Low compaction strength, high content of rigid particles, coarse grain size, well-sorted sandstone and large pore space during carbonate cementation are favorable for the development of calcareous interbeds.
