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Efficient Thickness of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Composite Electrode
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作者 蒋治亿 夏长荣 陈仿林 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第2期217-225,I0002,共10页
The efficient thickness of a composite electrode for solid oxide fuel cells was directly calculated by developing a physical model taking into account of the charge transfer process, the oxygen ion and electron transp... The efficient thickness of a composite electrode for solid oxide fuel cells was directly calculated by developing a physical model taking into account of the charge transfer process, the oxygen ion and electron transportation, and the microstructure characteristics of the electrode. The efficient thickness, which is defined as the electrode thickness corresponding to the minimum electrode polarization resistance, is formulated as a function of charge transfer resistivity, effective resistivity to ion and electron transport, and three-phase boundary length per unit volume. The model prediction is compared with the experimental reports to check the validity. Simulation is performed to show the effect of microstructure, intrinsic material properties, and electrode reaction mechanism on the efficient thickness. The results suggest that when an electrode is fabricated, its thickness should be controlled regarding its composition, particle size of its components, the intrinsic ionic and electronic conductivities,and its reaction mechanisms as well as the expected operation temperatures. The sensitivity of electrode polarization resistance to its thickness is also discussed. 展开更多
关键词 composite electrode Solid oxide fuel cell Thickness Modeling Ionic conduc-tivity
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Facile fabrication of TiO_2 nanoparticle–TiO_2 nanofiber composites by co-electrospinning–electrospraying for dye-sensitized solar cells 被引量:1
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作者 G.S.Anjusree T.G.Deepak +1 位作者 Shantikumar V Nair A.Sreekumaran Nair 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第6期762-769,共8页
We report a facile method for the fabrication of TiO2 nanofiber-nanoparticle composite (FP) via. simulta- neous electrospraying and electrospinning for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) applications. The loading of ... We report a facile method for the fabrication of TiO2 nanofiber-nanoparticle composite (FP) via. simulta- neous electrospraying and electrospinning for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) applications. The loading of nanoparticles on the fibers is controlled by varying their feed rates during electrospinning. The FP composites having three different particle loading are prepared by the methodology and the FP with the highest particle loading (denoted as FP-3 in the manuscript) showed the best overall efficiency of 9.15% in comparison to the other compositions of the FP (FP-2, 8.15% and FP-1, Z51%, respectively) and nanofibers (F) and nanoparticles (P) separately (7.21 and 7.81, respectively). All the material systems are characterized by spec- troscopy, microscopy, surface area measurements and the devices are characterized by current-voltage (I-V), incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE), electrochemical impedance measurements, etc. I-V, dye-loading and reflectance measurements throw light on the overall performance of the DSC devices. 展开更多
关键词 TiO2 nanofiber-nanoparticle composites Co-electrospraying-electrospinning Dye-sensitized solar cell Current-voltage measurements
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Effect of the implant composite of poly lactide-co-glycolide and bone mesenchymal stem cells modified by basic fibroblast growth factor on injured spinal cord in rats
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作者 刘文革 《外科研究与新技术》 2011年第2期130-130,共1页
Objective To investigate the effect of the implant composite of poly lactide-co-glycolide(PLGA)and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) modified by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on injured spinal cord in rats.M... Objective To investigate the effect of the implant composite of poly lactide-co-glycolide(PLGA)and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) modified by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on injured spinal cord in rats.Methods Two hundred and 展开更多
关键词 BMSCs bFGF Effect of the implant composite of poly lactide-co-glycolide and bone mesenchymal stem cells modified by basic fibroblast growth factor on injured spinal cord in rats stem
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Recent research progress on quasi-solid-state electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells 被引量:1
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作者 Asif Mahmood 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第6期686-692,共7页
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are the most promising, low cost and most extensively investigated solar cells. They are famous for their clean and efficient solar energy conversion. Nevertheless this, long-time ... Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are the most promising, low cost and most extensively investigated solar cells. They are famous for their clean and efficient solar energy conversion. Nevertheless this, long-time sta- bility is still to be acquired. In recent years research on solid and quasi-solid state electrolytes is extensively in- creased. Various quasi-solid electrolytes, including composites polymer electrolytes, ionic liquid electrolytes, thermoplastic polymer electrolytes and thermosetting polymer electrolytes have been used. Performance and stability of a quasi-solid state electrolyte are between liquid and solid electrolytes. High photovoltaic performances of QS-DSSCs along better long-term stability can be obtained by designing and optimizing quasi-solid electrolytes. It is a prospective candidate for highly efficient and stable DSSCs. 展开更多
关键词 Dye-sensitized solar cells Quasi-solid electrolytes composites polymer electrolytes Ionic liquid electrolytes Thermoplastic polymer electrolytes and thermosetting polymer electrolytes
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Wood forming tissue-specific expression of PdSuSy and HCHL increases holocellulose content and improves saccharification in Populus
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作者 Yang Zhang Hua Xu +6 位作者 Yingzhen Kong Jiawen Hua Xianfeng Tang Yamei Zhuang Yue Bai Gongke Zhou Guohua Chai 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2021年第4期1681-1688,共8页
Development of strategies to deconstruct lignocellulosic biomass in tree species is essential for biofuels and biomaterials production.We applied a wood forming tissue-specific system in a hybrid poplar to express bot... Development of strategies to deconstruct lignocellulosic biomass in tree species is essential for biofuels and biomaterials production.We applied a wood forming tissue-specific system in a hybrid poplar to express both PdSuSy(a sucrose synthase gene from Populus deltoides×P.euramericana that has not been functionally characterized)and HCHL(the hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA hydratase-lyase gene from Pseudomonas fluorescens,which inhibits lignin polymerization in Arabidopsis).The PdSuSy-HCHL overexpression poplars correspondingly driven by the promoters of Arabidopsis AtCesA7 and AtC4 H resulted in a significant increase in cellulose(>8%),xylan(>12%)and glucose(>29%)content,accompanying a reduction in galacturonic acid(>36%)content,compared to control plants.The saccharification efficiency of these overexpression poplars was dramatically increased by up to 27%,but total lignin content was unaffected.These transgenic poplars showed inhibited growth characteristics,including>16%reduced plant height,>10% reduced number of internodes,and>18% reduced fresh weight after growth of 4 months,possibly due to relatively low expression of HCHL in secondary xylem.Our results demonstrate the structural complexity and interaction of the cell wall polymers in wood tissue and outline a potential method to increase biomass saccharification in woody species. 展开更多
关键词 SACCHARIFICATION BIOMASS cell wall composition Growth POPLAR
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Udder Health Status of First Parity Dairy Cows in Early-Lactation Based on Somatic Cell Count Categories
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作者 Găvan Constantin Riza Mihaela 《Open Journal of Animal Sciences》 2023年第3期398-407,共10页
The main aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of intramammary infection (IMI) in early-lactation of primiparous cows using milk recording cow composite somatic cell count (CSCC) categories (combining th... The main aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of intramammary infection (IMI) in early-lactation of primiparous cows using milk recording cow composite somatic cell count (CSCC) categories (combining the first 2 milk recording results after calving). Another aim was to evaluate the milk urea (MU) content as a potential supplementary indicator to SCC or CSCC for the identification of IMI in primiparous cows after calving. This retrospective observational study was conducted on records of test-day of primiparous cows over a period of 6 years (January 2016 to December 2021. The SCC data for 158 Holstein Friesian primiparous cows, with their first milk recording 5 to 35 days after calving and their second milk recording 28 to 56 days in milk (DIM), were identified. Each primiparous cow was assigned a CSCC category (low-low, low-high, high-low or high-high) based on the CSCC at the first 2 milking recordings using the following cut-offs: ≤150,000 cells/ml (low), >150,000 cells/ml (high). The association between CSCC categories and MV content was analyzed using correlation models. At the first milk recording, a proportion of 63.29% was in the low SCC category, and the rest (36.71%) was in the high SCC category. At the second milk recording, a proportion of primiparous cows in CSCC categories was 59.49%, 3.80%, 27.85% and 8.86% in low-low, low-high, high-low and high-high, respectively. At the second milk recording, a proportion of 12.66% of primiparous cows was in the high CSCC category and a proportion of 87.34% of primiparous cows was in the low CSCC category, indicating a poor and a good udder health, respectively. The association of SCC with MU content in low and in high SCC categories at the first milk recording was positive and moderate (+0.49) and negative and strong (-0.97), respectively. The association of CSCC categories with MU contents at the second milk recording was inconclusive. We concluded that CSCC categories may be a useful tool for identifying success and problems regarding the udder health of primiparous cows in early lactation. 展开更多
关键词 Intramammary Infection Somatic cell Count composite Somatic cell Count Milk Urea Content
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Microstructure and Properties of Cement Foams Prepared by Magnesium Oxychloride Cement 被引量:6
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作者 王发洲 YANG Lu +1 位作者 GUAN Lingyue HU Shuguang 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS 2015年第2期331-337,共7页
Microstructural features including pore size distribution, cell walls and phase compositions of magnesium oxychloride cement foams(MOCF) with various MgO powders and water mixture ratios were studied. Their infl uen... Microstructural features including pore size distribution, cell walls and phase compositions of magnesium oxychloride cement foams(MOCF) with various MgO powders and water mixture ratios were studied. Their infl uences on compressive strength, water absorption and resistance of MOCF were also discussed in detail. The experimental results indicated that moderate and slight excess MgO powders(MgO/MgCl2 molar ratios from 5.1 to 7) were beneficial to the formation of excellent microstructure of MOCF, but increasing water contents(H2O/MgO mass ratios from 0.9 to 1.29) might result in opposite conclusions. The microstructure of MOCF produced with moderate and slight excess MgO powders could enhance the compressive strength, while serious excess MgO powders addition(MgO/MgCl2 molar ratios = 9) would destroy the cell wall structures, and therefore decrease the strength of the system. Although MOCF produced with excess MgO powders could decrease the water absorption, its softening coefficient was lower than that of the material produced with moderate MgO powders. This might be due to the instability of phase 5, the volume expansion and cracking of cell walls as immersed the sample into water. 展开更多
关键词 magnesium oxychloride cement foams pore size distribution weibull distribution function cell walls phase compositions properties
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Assessment of fodder quality of leaves of multipurpose trees in subtropical humid climate of India 被引量:1
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作者 Chander Datt M. Datta N. P. Singh 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第3期209-214,共6页
The leaves of 12 species (Acacia auriculiformis, Albizzia procera, Dalbergia sissoo, Gliricidia maculata, Leucaena leuco- cephala, Samanea saman, Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus hybrida, Gmelina arborea, Michelia cham... The leaves of 12 species (Acacia auriculiformis, Albizzia procera, Dalbergia sissoo, Gliricidia maculata, Leucaena leuco- cephala, Samanea saman, Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus hybrida, Gmelina arborea, Michelia champaca, Morus alba, and Tectona grandis) of Multipurpose trees and shrubs (MPTs) grown in the agroforestry arboretum were evaluated for their nutritional characteristics in terms of proximate composition, cell wall constituents, total tannins, major (Ca and P) and trace minerals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Co), in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility (IVDMD and IVOMD) and metabolisable energy (ME) values. There were significant (P〈0.01) variations among MPTs for all parameters studied. The average values of (92.02±0.30)%, (16.00±0.74)%, (3.05±0.13)%, (18.97±1.07)%, (54.00±1.12)% and (7.98 ± 0.30)% (DM basis) were observed for OM (organic matter), CP (crude protein), EE (ether extract), CF (crude fibre), NFE (nitrogen-free extract) and total ash, respectively. Leguminous trees had high CP compared to nonleguminous ones (18.30% vs 13.70%). The mean values for cell wall constituents viz., NDF (neutral detergent fibre), ADF (acid detergent fibre), hemi cellulose, cellulose and ADL (acid detergent lignin) were found to be (52.48±1.05)%, (31.72±0.97)%, (20.76±0.88)%, (16.97±0.70)% and (9.57±0.62)%, respectively. The total tannin contents averaged (4.22±0.32)%. The ratio of Ca to P was quite wider. The levels of Fe and Mn were adequate to rich in all the MPTs while many of the tree species possessed P, Cu, Zn and Co level below the critical limits for the animals. The average IVDMD and IVOMD values were found to be (48.96±1.30)% and (50.69±1.36)%, respectively. The ME value averaged (6.95i-0.11) MJ·kg-1 DM. The CP content had significant positive correlation with IVDMD, IVOMD and ME val- ues while NDF, ADF, ADL and total tannins showed negative correlations with these three parameters. Based on the results, Leucaena Leucocephala could be considered as good quality fodder as it had the highest level of IVDMD/IVOMD (65.20%/67.66%) and ME (7.95 MJ·kg-1 DM) while G. maculata, M. alba, A. indica, D. sissoo and S. saman were of medium type and rest of poor quality. 展开更多
关键词 AGROFORESTRY cell wall composition fodder quality in vitro digestibility proximate composition macro and trace minerals total tannins metabolisable energy multipurpose tree species
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Effect of Chitin Treatment on Softening of Actinidia arguta 被引量:4
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作者 Xiangsu LIU Jiao AN +2 位作者 Ming Liu Lihua JIN Yilong PIAO 《Agricultural Biotechnology》 CAS 2018年第2期32-35,39,共5页
[Objectives] This study was conducted to discuss the effect of chitin treatment on softening of Actinidia arguta Huanyou No. 1 as the test material.[Methods]Huanyou No. 1 was sprayed with chitin,and the changes of som... [Objectives] This study was conducted to discuss the effect of chitin treatment on softening of Actinidia arguta Huanyou No. 1 as the test material.[Methods]Huanyou No. 1 was sprayed with chitin,and the changes of some physiological and biochemical indexes in fruit softening were investigated. [Results]Chitin treatment significantly improved single fruit weight,increased soluble solid content,but decreased titratable acid content and significantly reduced the content of cellulose and hemicellulose; and the chitin treatment significantly inhibited the breakdown of pectin,cellulose and hemicellulose,and inhibited the activities of PG enzyme and β-Gal enzyme. [Conclusions] Chitin spray treatment could increase the yield of A. arguta,and improve its quality and storage property. 展开更多
关键词 Chitin Actinidia arguta cell wall composition Pectinolytic enzymeFull-Text Search:Home
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Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Hemicellulose Characteristics Based on Cell Wall Composition in a Wild and Cultivated Rice Species 被引量:6
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作者 Si-Ju Zhang Xue-Qin Song +4 位作者 Bai-Sheng YU Bao-Cai Zhang Chuan-Qing Sun J.Paul Knox Yi-Hua Zhou 《Molecular Plant》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第1期162-175,共14页
Cell wall hemicellulosic polysaccharides are structurally complex and diverse. Knowledge about the synthesis of cell wall hemicelluloses and their biological roles is limited. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping i... Cell wall hemicellulosic polysaccharides are structurally complex and diverse. Knowledge about the synthesis of cell wall hemicelluloses and their biological roles is limited. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping is a helpful tool for the dissection of complex phenotypes for gene identification. In this study, we exploited the natural variation in cell wall monosaccharide levels between a common wild rice, Yuanj, and an elite indica cultivar, Teqing, and performed QTL map- ping with their introgression lines (ILs). Chemical analyses conducted on the culms of Yuanj and TeqJng showed that the major alterations are found in glucose and xylose levels, which are correlated with specific hemicellulosic polymers. Gly- cosidic linkage examination revealed that, in Yuanj, an increase in glucose content results from a higher level of mixed linkage I^-glucan (MLG), whereas a reduction in xylose content reflects a low level of xylan backbone and a varied arabi- noxylan (AX) structure. Seventeen QTLs for monosaccharides have been identified through composition analysis of the culm residues of 95 core ILs. Four major QTLs affecting xylose and glucose levels are responsible for 19 and 21% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. This study provides a unique resource for the genetic dissection of rice cell wall forma- tion and remodeling in the vegetative organs. 展开更多
关键词 Quantitative trait loci cell wall composition HEMIcellULOSE rice introgression lines wild rice species.
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Theoretical aspects of selecting repeated unit cell model in micromechanical analysis using displacement-based finite element method 被引量:2
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作者 Lijun GAO Chengyu WANG +1 位作者 Zhanli LIU Zhuo ZHUANG 《Chinese Journal of Aeronautics》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第4期1417-1426,共10页
Repeated Unit Cell(RUC)is a useful tool in micromechanical analysis of composites using Displacement-based Finite Element(DFE)method,and merely applying Periodic Displacement Boundary Conditions(PDBCs)to RUC is ... Repeated Unit Cell(RUC)is a useful tool in micromechanical analysis of composites using Displacement-based Finite Element(DFE)method,and merely applying Periodic Displacement Boundary Conditions(PDBCs)to RUC is almost a standard practice to conduct such analysis.Two basic questions arising from this practice are whether Periodic Traction Boundary Conditions(PTBCs,also known as traction continuity conditions)are guaranteed and whether the solution is independent of selection of RUCs.This paper presents the theoretical aspects to tackle these questions,which unify the strong form,weak form and DFE method of the micromechanical problem together.Specifically,the solution’s independence of selection of RUCs is dealt with on the strong form side,PTBCs are derived from the weak form as natural boundary conditions,and the validity of merely applying PDBCs in micromechanical Finite Element(FE)analysis is proved by referring to its intrinsic connection to the strong form and weak form.Key points in the theoretical aspects are demonstrated by illustrative examples,and the merits of setting micromechanical FE analysis under the background of a clear theoretical framework are highlighted in the efficient selection of RUCs for Uni Directional(UD)fiber-reinforced composites. 展开更多
关键词 Finite element method Micromechanics of composites Periodic boundary condition Repeated unit cell Theoretical aspect Traction continuity
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Distribution,structure and biosynthetic gene families of(1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in Sorghum bicolor 被引量:2
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作者 Riksfardini A.Ermawar Helen M.Collins +7 位作者 Caitlin S.Byrt Natalie S.Betts Marilyn Henderson Neil J.Shirley Julian Schwerdt Jelle Lahnstein Geoffrey B.Fincher Rachel A.Burton 《Journal of Integrative Plant Biology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第4期429-445,共17页
In cereals, the presence of soluble polysaccharides including(1,3;1,4)-b-glucan has downstream implications for human health, animal feed and biofuel applications. Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench is a versatile crop, b... In cereals, the presence of soluble polysaccharides including(1,3;1,4)-b-glucan has downstream implications for human health, animal feed and biofuel applications. Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench is a versatile crop, but there are limited reports regarding the content of such soluble polysaccharides.Here, the amount of(1,3;1,4)-b-glucan present in sorghum tissues was measured using a Megazyme assay. Very low amounts were present in the grain, ranging from 0.16%–0.27%(w/w), while there was a greater quantity in vegetative tissues at 0.12–1.71%(w/w). The fine structure of(1,3;1,4)-b-glucan, as denoted by the ratio of cellotriosyl and cellotetraosyl residues,was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and ranged from 2.6–3:1 in the grain, while ratios in vegetative tissues were lower at 2.1–2.6:1. The distribution of(1,3;1,4)-b-glucan was examined using a specific antibody and observed with fl uorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Micrographs showed a variable distribution of(1,3;1,4)-b-glucan in fl uenced by temporal and spatial factors. The sorghum orthologs of genes implicated in the synthesis of(1,3;1,4)-b-glucan in other cereals, such as the Cellulose synthase-like(Csl) F and H gene families were de fined.Transcript pro filing of these genes across sorghum tissues was carried out using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, indicating that, as in other cereals, Csl F6 transcripts dominated. 展开更多
关键词 cellulose synthase-like genes cell wall composition mixed-linkage glucan GRAIN SORGHUM
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Chitosan-based self-healing hydrogel for bioapplications 被引量:5
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作者 Yongsan Li Xing Wang +1 位作者 Yen Wei Lei Tao 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第11期2053-2057,共5页
By using an easily available PEG derivative and biopolymer chitosan, a self-healing hydrogel has been facilely prepared through the dynamic Schiff base. This biocompatible self-healing hydrogel can be used for drug-de... By using an easily available PEG derivative and biopolymer chitosan, a self-healing hydrogel has been facilely prepared through the dynamic Schiff base. This biocompatible self-healing hydrogel can be used for drug-delivery, 3D cell culture and as a basic platform to develop some organic-inorganic biohybrids. This mini-review summarized recent research about that chitosan based self-healing hydrogel and related materials, and discussed some future bio-applications of that hydrogel 展开更多
关键词 Chitosan Self-healing hydrogel Drug delivery 3D cell culture Organic-inorganic composite
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