Development and application of novel high‐efficiency composite ultrafine cement grouts for roadway in fractured surrounding rocks

The fractured surrounding rocks of roadways pose major challenges to safe mining.Grouting has often been used to reinforce the surrounding rocks to mitigate the safety risks associated with fractured rocks.The aim of this study is to develop highly efficient composite ultrafine cement(CUC)grouts to reinforce the roadway in fractured surrounding rocks.The materials used are ultrafine cement(UC),ultrafine fly ash(UF),ultrafine slag(US),and additives(superplasticizer[SUP],aluminate ultrafine expansion agent[AUA],gypsum,and retarder).The fluidity,bleeding,shrinkage,setting time,chemical composition,microstructure,degree of hydration,and mechanical property of grouting materials were evaluated in this study.Also,a suitable and effective CUC grout mixture was used to reinforce the roadway in the fractured surrounding rock.The results have shown that the addition of UF and US reduces the plastic viscosity of CUC,and the best fluidity can be obtained by adding 40%UF and 10%US.Since UC and UF particles are small,the pozzolanic effect of UF promotes the hydration reaction,which is conductive to the stability of CUC grouts.In addition,fine particles of UC,UF,and US can effectively fill the pores,while the volumetric expansion of AUA and gypsum decreases the pores and thus affects the microstructure of the solidified grout.The compressive test results have shown that the addition of specific amounts of UF and US can ameliorate the mechanical properties of CUC grouts.Finally,the CUC22‐8 grout was used to reinforce the No.20322 belt roadway.The results of numerical simulation and field monitoring have indicated that grouting can efficaciously reinforce the surrounding rock of the roadway.In this research,high‐performance CUC grouts were developed for surrounding rock reinforcement of underground engineering by utilizing UC and some additives.

Numerical Analysis of the Settlement of Composite Foundation Reinforced with Crushed Stone Grouting Pile and Rigid Bearing Plate

This paper deals with a new type of crushed stone grouting pile with a rigid bearing plate. The load transfer characteristics were analyzed, and a settlement model of the composite foundation reinforced with crushed stone grouting pile and rigid bearing plate was built by FEM program. The effects of replacement ratio of capping plate, replacement ratio of pile, replacement ratio of grout diffusion zone, pile-soil modulus ratio, and serous-soil modulus ratio, on the composite foundation settlement were discussed. It is concluded that the proposed crushed stone grouting pile with a rigid bearing plate is effective in decreasing the settlement of composite foundation.

Development of the nano-composite cement:Application in regulating grouting in complex ground conditions

Improvement of the fluidity and setting time of grouting materials has been recognized as an effective approach of seepage prevention in foundation works, and it is quite common to be used for handling severe leakages in complex ground conditions, such as loose, broken and fully fissured stratum. For the purposed of better meeting the engineering requirements, experimental studies were conducted in this study with focus on the nanocomposite grouting materials and the related controlled grouting technology. As compared with the commonly used silicate-sulpho-aluminate composite cement, which is characterized by relatively poor rheological property, quick setting time and low strength, the most suitable nano-material with proper reactants were selected intentionally to improve the mentioned attributes of composite cement. Due to the setting time and strength of the targeted cement slurry behaving with poor performance of harmonization to engineering construction problems, hydration synergistic effect of these composites were investigated in our experiments. Results showed that the properties of grouting materials, including initial fluidity, setting time, ideal right-angle thickening, and early strength and late strength were sufficient to produce an expected grouting application. It is therefore advocated that the refined grouting material could provide a better solution to fix grouting problems in complex ground cementing operations.

Calculation method of composite foundation sedimentation of grouting pile with cover plate under embankment load

Grouting pile is a new soft soil foundation treatment method with characteristics such as no vibration, no noise, no soil compaction, light construction machines and quick construction velocity and so on. At present, study on reinforcement mechanism and design calculation method of composite foundation of grouting pile is initially started without design specifications, so it is usually required to draw on design specifications of stump pile when designing composite foundation of grouting pile while grouting pile has its characteristics and difference although reinforcement mechanisms and construction processes of two types of piles are similar. Sedimentation formula of composite foundation of grouting pile with cover plate is educed and a suitable deformation mode is proposed by aiming to deformation characteristics of composite foundation of grouting pile with cover plate under embankment load on basis of relevant sedimentation theories of composite foundation by combination of characteristics of composite foundation of grouting pile. The sedimentation calculation formula of grouting pile with cover plate under embankment load is educed according to balance relation of force and displacement coordination conditions by elastic theory and sedimentation calculation model established is validated by sedimentation monitoring documents of one expressway in China.

Reinforcement of Clay Soils through Fracture Grouting

Fracture grouting is widely used for building foundation reinforcement,however the underpinning mechanisms are still not clear.Using numerical results about a single-hole fracture grouting process as a basis,a model composed of soil and grouting veins has been created to analyze the reinforcement mechanism.The influence weights of the grouting vein skeleton and compaction effect have been studied,thereby obtaining relevant information on the compressive modulus of the considered composite soil.The research results show that the compaction effect plays a leading role in the soil fracture grouting reinforcement.The grouting pressure,the hardened grouting vein modulus,and the shape of the grouting veins all influence the compressive modulus of the composite soil.

Seismic performance of fabricated continuous girder bridge with grouting sleeve-prestressed tendon composite connections

The seismic performance of a fully fabricated bridge is a key factor limiting its application.In this study,a fiber element model of a fabricated concrete pier with grouting sleeve-prestressed tendon composite connections was built and verified.A numerical analysis of three types of continuous girder bridges was conducted with different piers:a cast-in-place reinforced concrete pier,a grouting sleeve-fabricated pier,and a grouting sleeve-prestressed tendon composite fabricated pier.Furthermore,the seismic performance of the composite fabricated pier was investigated.The results show that the OpenSees fiber element model can successfully simulate the hysteresis behavior and failure mode of the grouted sleeve-fabricated pier.Under traditional non-near-fault ground motions,the pier top displacements of the grouting sleeve-fabricated pier and the composite fabricated pier were less than those of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete pier.The composite fabricated pier had a good self-centering capability.In addition,the plastic hinge zones of the grouting sleeve-fabricated pier and the composite fabricated pier shifted to the joint seam and upper edge of the grouting sleeve,respectively.The composite fabricated pier with optimal design parameters has good seismic performance and can be applied in high-intensity seismic areas;however,the influence of pile-soil interaction on its seismic performance should not be ignored.

Engineering study on roadway support in high-stress composite soft rock

The present study is focused on the roadway support in high stress composite soft rock. This paper expounds the two main features of roadway in soft rock, i.e., great deformation of surrounding rock and remarkable rheological deformation. Furthermore, on the basis of analyzing physico chemical component of surrounding rock and the situation of the damaged roadway, the method of adopting strong bolting and shotcreting mesh for the primary support, bolting and grouting for the secondary support is put forward in light of the on the spot investigation of stress tension, mechanical parameter and engineering geology. The application reveals the method facilitates the continuation of west main roadway and the restoration of shaft station and chambers. Consequently, better techno economic results have been achieved.

机场道面水平钻孔注浆材料的制备与性能研究

为满足机场不停航施工道面下基层水平注浆工程对材料的需求,开展了复合硅酸盐水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥复配试验。制备出符合施工要求的硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐复合水泥砂浆,并使用维卡仪、截锥圆模、压力试验机等设备研究了材料的凝结时间、流动性、1d抗压强度等。结果表明:硫铝酸盐水泥掺加比例越高,凝结时间越短;水灰比及减水剂掺量对流动性影响较大,同时对其他性能有一定影响。在确认最佳配合比时,经圆柱体强度试件模拟的钻孔注浆和现场试验段重锤式弯沉仪及探地雷达实测结果表明:复合水泥砂浆具有良好的工作性能,道面强度及结构恢复至钻孔前水平,能满足机场不停航施工要求。

叠合板式综合管廊侧墙连接节点面外抗震性能试验研究

叠合板式综合管廊属于半装配式结构,其接缝数量少,抗渗性能优越,应用前景广泛。为了研究采用灌浆套筒连接和浆锚搭接连接两种连接方式的叠合板式综合管廊侧墙在面外荷载作用下的抗震性能,该文开展了采用两类连接方式的足尺侧墙模型的面外低周反复试验,并与管廊现浇侧墙构件作对比。通过分析试件破坏模式、裂缝分布以及受力性能指标,初步揭示了不同连接方式对叠合板式侧墙面外抗震性能的影响。研究表明:叠合板式试件与现浇试件抗震性能基本一致,滞回曲线均较饱满,极限承载力与刚度退化规律基本一致,满足装配式结构等同现浇的抗震设计要求;两类叠合板式管廊侧墙试件延性系数分别为7.05和8.50,均具有良好的面外延性,满足我国抗震设计规范中变形能力要求;采用浆锚搭接连接的叠合板式试件与采用灌浆套筒连接的叠合板式试件相比,滞回曲线更加饱满,变形能力好,但峰值抗侧承载力低,相同侧向位移下损伤破坏严重;两种连接方式的均可有效传递钢筋应力直至构件破坏。

水泥基灌浆材料制备和基本性能研究评述

基于国内外研究现状,介绍了水泥基灌浆材料的基本原材料组成,并综述了其流动性能、凝结特性、膨胀性能、力学性能以及长期性能和耐久性能的研究成果,总结了研究中发现的基本规律并分析了其中存在的局限性,同时结合工程需求和建材行业发展趋势,对其未来的研究方向进行了展望并给出若干建议。

深部煤巷掘锚一体化支护优化及安全保障技术

为提高掘锚护一体机组在深部复杂条件的适用性,以丁集矿1242(3)试验巷道为研究背景,提出取消锚杆、锚索组合构件思路以解决钻机对孔困难难题,进一步提升掘支效率,并提出了掘锚机组条件下的巷道围岩“护表刚化-锚固强化-应力优化”一体化协同控制技术措施。巷道顶板采用钢筋网护表内衬10#菱形金属网,走向线性锚索束安全保障支护技术,煤柱帮采用关键部位补强、注浆加固等方案,并进行了数值模拟验证。现场应用结果表明,巷道平均圆班进尺由原来的6排增加至8排,显著提升了巷道掘支效率,减人增效效果显著,实现了丁集煤矿掘锚一体机组条件下的深井煤巷掘支优化及安全有效支护。

超深基坑施工对既有地铁车站变形的控制研究

基坑施工对邻近地铁车站运营安全的影响较大。依托成都地铁18号线某车站基坑,研究超深基坑在不同施工环境中的开挖变形规律,根据围护结构变形及地表沉降判断基坑施工稳定性及安全性。对新旧车站间侧向与底部土体进行注浆加固,以保障基坑和既有车站的安全。注浆加固后围护结构桩体水平位移和地表沉降最大值均较加固前减小。

新型竖缝互锁灌孔复合砌块墙体抗压及抗震性能试验研究

新型竖缝互锁灌孔复合砌块墙体是一种绿色、环保且低碳的新型砌体结构,为研究其抗压性能与抗震性能,分别对墙体进行轴压试验与拟静力试验,分析灌孔方式与构造柱类型对该墙体抗压承载力、荷载分配与变形协调等方面的影响,以及不同构造柱类型对墙体抗震性能的影响。结果表明,随着现浇构造柱与复合砌体部分强度差的减小,墙体整体变形协调能力有所提升;提出了适用于设置构造柱的新型墙体的抗压承载力计算公式,计算值与试验值吻合度较好;芯柱构造柱对墙体延性的提升效率高于现浇构造柱墙体,而现浇构造柱墙体的抗震承载力、极限位移等指标优于芯柱构造柱墙体。研发绿色、环保、低碳的新型砌体结构是助力国家乡村振兴战略和改善村镇建筑抗灾能力的有效途径,该新型墙体结构为新疆地区村镇建筑提供了一种新的选择。

浅埋富水砂层隧道复合注浆治理技术研究

青岛地铁四号线张村站横通道为浅埋富水砂层,为了解决开挖过程中面临的涌水涌砂问题,采用多方法复合注浆加固技术进行治理。模袋桩布置于重点加固区外轮廓,模袋桩工法能起到桩体加固作用,同时可以控制注浆扩散,抑制地表抬升;分段钢管桩布置于重点加固区域内部,采用分段注入的方式,均匀扩散有利于加固效果,且能避免局部不均匀注浆造成的抬升问题;在中粗砂地层中,水泥浆液的渗滤效应是不可忽视的,注浆扩散半径按1.2m进行考虑,实践证明是合理的。浅埋富水砂层注浆结束后,配合真空降水,实现了隧道内的无水施工环境。钢管桩、模袋桩和注浆三种方法构成了复合加固技术,配合其他辅助工艺方法,有效解决了浅埋富水砂层的治理难题,对类似工程具有借鉴意义。

上软下硬地层袖阀管注浆对盾构下穿民房扰动控制分析

为了探究深圳上软下硬地层中袖阀管注浆对盾构下穿民房的扰动控制效果,依托深圳轨道交通11号线二期某区间盾构穿越节点,实施了四环节一体的袖阀管注浆加固穿越扰动控制方案,包括穿越前加固必要性模拟验证、加固效果模拟评估、穿越期间施工扰动监测、穿越后加固效果分析。建立了未加固和加固两种工况下盾构穿越的三维有限元数值模型,基于实测数据检验了模型计算结果的可靠性,结果表明在未加固工况下民房沉降极易超越警戒值,验证了袖阀管注浆加固的必要性。而后基于加固模型评估了袖阀管注浆加固效果,计算表明袖阀管注浆加固至少将民房测点的沉降降低了40%,可有效控制盾构穿越对民房造成的施工扰动,实际监测数据与数值模拟吻合较好。此外,实测和模拟表明注浆加固将改变地表沉降槽形状,加固范围内的地表沉降将显著减小,沉降槽呈不对称分布。

盾构穿越岩溶复合地层注浆充填技术研究

针对盾构穿越岩溶复合地层处治难题,结合南京市和燕路过江通道江南幕府山段工程建设实践,对盾构穿越岩溶复合地层工况中复合地层特征及治理技术进行研究,研发了适用于岩溶复合地层治理区域的新型注浆充填材料,形成固体废弃物注浆材料工业制备工艺;设计了基于时空效应的注浆治理方法,形成了深部地层长距离控域注浆治理关键技术;基于关联度判别准则的注浆效果评价可拓理论模型,对注浆治理效果进行科学检验与评价,形成了盾构穿越岩溶复合地层协同控灾关键技术。最终形成盾构穿越岩溶复合地层治理体系,具有显著的技术经济效益。

高压旋喷桩复合地基承载力研究

为促进符合地基承载力的提升,引入高压旋喷桩施工工艺,开展在该工艺应用下符合地基承载力的探究。以惠清项目桥梁桩工程施工建设状况为背景,高压旋喷桩复合地基施工处理技术方案形成、建立高压旋喷桩复合地基承载力计算模型。通过形成高压旋喷桩,开展高压旋喷桩施工与加固工作,最后对复合地基承载力进行计算。通过研究得出,高压旋喷桩的应用可以有效促进复合地基承载力的提升,并且大部分承载力作用在高压旋喷桩的上部。

新疆某矿复合顶板工作面开切眼支护技术

有效控制切眼围岩变形是实现采面煤炭高效回采的基础,当切眼顶板为复合顶板时,则容易出现离层量大、变形严重的情况,甚至出现冒顶事故。以新疆某矿I010206采煤工作面切眼掘进为工程背景,针对切眼顶板为泥岩、灰岩等软硬岩交互组成的复合顶板,同时顶板存在裂隙发育、承载能力差、局部有空洞等情况,采用二次成巷方式,完成大跨度切眼掘进,综合使用顶板注浆、锚网索支护、喷浆、单体补强方式,实现切眼围岩变形控制,并给出具体支护方案。工程应用后,I010206采煤工作面切眼围岩变形量较小,后续设备安装期间,切眼围岩始终保持稳定,实现了复合顶板切眼围岩变形的有效控制。

中厚煤层沿空留巷工作面煤柱注浆补强加固技术

新景矿3109工作面采用沿空留巷回采工艺,由于巷道处于大埋深、中厚煤层条件,且巷道服务周期长,待相邻采面回采复用巷道时,常出现变形量大、失修率高等现象。通过在第一辅助进风巷和回风巷采取打设单体柱抬棚、浇筑柔模墙体、打设绞架木垛和圆木点柱等加固方法,有效控制巷道变形速率。同时,采取对巷旁煤柱实施注浆加固措施,留巷巷道顶板下沉量减少45%,煤柱憋帮量减少51%,降低了沿空留巷巷道的失修率。

直斜组合高压旋喷桩基础抗压承载性能数值试验研究

山地区域高压线铁塔基础施工具有难度大、周期长、成本高、机械化施工程度低等特点。为提高塔基基础施工效率,本文提出了一种新型的塔基基础形式——直斜组合高压旋喷桩。利用有限元软件PLAXIS 3D对直斜组合高压旋喷桩基础的竖向承载性能及桩身内力演化规律开展数值试验研究。研究结果表明:1)斜桩倾角相同时,桩身弯矩变化规律基本相同,其最大弯矩值位于桩顶附近且随桩长径比的增加而减小;2)竖向荷载作用下,直桩的轴力大于斜桩;3)桩长径比相同时,直斜组合高压旋喷桩基础抗压承载力随斜桩倾角(0°、10°、20°)的增大而呈非线性递增关系;直斜组合高压旋喷桩基础竖向承载性能较好,值得推广与应用。