Physical and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials Based on Raw Earth and Crushed Palm Leaf Fibers (Borassus aethiopum)

The objective of this study is to seek solutions to reduce the impact of buildings on climate change and to promote the use of local bio-sourced or geo-sourced materials for sustainable construction. Different samples of raw earth from 3 sites were taken in the commune of Mlomp. Geotechnical tests showed that the raw earth samples from sites 2 and 3 have more clay fraction while site 1 contains more sand. The fact of integrating fibers from crushed palm leaves (Borassus aethiopum) (2%, 4% and 6%) into the 3 raw earth samples reduced the mechanical resistance to compression and traction of the 3 raw earths. The experimental results of thermal tests on samples of earth mixtures with crushed Palma leaf fibers show a decrease in thermal conductivity as well as thermal effusivity as the percentages increase (2%, 4% and 6%) of fibers in raw earth for the 3 sites. This shows that this renewable composite material can help improve the thermal insulation of building envelopes.

Acoustic Response and Micro-Damage Mechanism of Fiber Composite Materials under Mode-Ⅱ Delamination

Realizing the accurate characterization for the dynamic damage process is a great challenge. Here we carry out testing simultaneously for dynamic monitoring and acoustic emission （AE） statistical analysis towards fiber composites under mode-Ⅱ delamination damage. The load curve, AE relative energy, amplitude distribution, and amplitude spectrum are obtained and the delamination damage mechanism of the composites is investigated by the microscopic observation of a fractured specimen. The results show that the micro-damage accumulation around the crack tip region has a great effect on the evolutionary process of delamination. AE characteristics and amplitude spectrum represent the damage and the physical mechanism originating from the hierarchical microstructure. Our finding provides a novel aud feasible strategy to simultaneously evaluate the dynamic response and micro-damage mechanism for fiber composites.

Piezoresistivity of Carbon Fiber Graphite Cement-based Composites with CCCW

The electrical conductivity and piezoresistivity of carbon fiber graphite cement-matrix composites（CFGCC） with carbon fiber content（1% by the weight of cement）,graphite powder contents （0%-50% by the weight of cement） and CCCW（cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing materials,4% by the weight of cement） were studied.The experimental results showed that the relationship between the resistivity of CFGCC and the concentration of graphite powders had typical features of percolation phenomena.The percolation threshold was about 20%.A clear piezoresistive effect was observed in CFGCC with 1wt% of carbon fibers,20wt% or 30wt% of graphite powders under uniaxial compressive tests,indicating that this type of smart composites was a promising candidate for strain sensing.The measured gage factor （defined as the fractional change in resistance per unit strain） of CFGCC with graphite content of 20wt% and 30wt% were 37 and 22,respectively.With the addition of CCCW,the mechanical properties of CFGCC were improved,which benefited CFGCC piezoresistivity of stability.

Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber/Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composite Water Collector

The water collector is operated in the humid and hot environment of the cooling tower all the year round.It also needs to carry part of the weight of water and silt.Therefore,it is particularly critical to optimize the material of the water collector and improve its mechanical properties.Polyester,a general term of polymer obtained from polyols and polyacids,is a kind of engineering plastics with excellent properties and wide applications.Glass fiber is a reinforced plastic reinforcement material,and the biggest characteristic of it is the high tensile strength and good heat resistance.In this paper,glass fiber reinforced polyester resin composite material is prepared,its tensile properties and bending properties are tested,and the performance of the imported material JK2020B is compared and analyzed.The results show that the elastic modulus along the fiber direction is relatively high,but the interlayer force in the direction of thickness and width is very small.This review provides a guidance for production process.

The properties of flax fiber reinforced wood flour/high density polyethylene composites

Flax fiber(FF) was used to reinforce wood flour/high density polyethylene composites(WF/PE).WF/PE particles were uniformly mixed with FF via high-speed mixing and then extruded with a single screw extruder to prepare FF reinforced WF/PE composites(FF/WF/PE).Mechanical testing,dynamic mechanical analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),creep measurement and Torque rheology were used to characterize the resulting composites.The results indicate that the mechanical performance of the composites could be remarkably improved by adding a limited amount of FF.The flexural strength and modulus increased by 14.6 and 51.4%,respectively(FF content of 9 wt%),while the unnotched impact strength could be increased by 26.5%(FF content of12 wt%).The creep resistance and toughness of thecomposite was markedly improved without changing the plastic content of the composite material.

Experimental investigation of engineered geopolymer composite for structural strengthening against blast loads

The recent increase in blast/bombing incidents all over the world has pushed the development of effective strengthening approaches to enhance the blast resistance of existing civil infrastructures.Engineered geopolymer composite(EGC)is a promising material featured by eco-friendly,fast-setting and strain-hardening characteristics for emergent strengthening and construction.However,the fiber optimization for preparing EGC and its protective effect on structural elements under blast scenarios are uncertain.In this study,laboratory tests were firstly conducted to evaluate the effects of fiber types on the properties of EGC in terms of workability,dry shrinkage,and mechanical properties in compression,tension and flexure.The experimental results showed that EGC containing PE fiber exhibited suitable workability,acceptable dry shrinkage and superior mechanical properties compared with other types of fibers.After that,a series of field tests were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of EGC retrofitting layer on the enhancement of blast performance of typical elements.The tests include autoclaved aerated concrete(AAC)masonry walls subjected to vented gas explosion,reinforced AAC panels subjected to TNT explosion and plain concrete slabs subjected to contact explosion.It was found that EGC could effectively enhance the blast resistance of structural elements in different scenarios.For AAC masonry walls and panels,with the existence of EGC,the integrity of specimens could be maintained,and their deflections and damage were significantly reduced.For plain concrete slabs,the EGC overlay could reduce the diameter and depth of the crater and spallation of specimens.

Preparation of three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced mullite composites from a sol with high solid content

To prepare the three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced mullite （3D C/mullite） composites, an Al2O3-SiO2 solwith a solid content of 20% （mass fraction） and an Al2O3/SiO2 mass ratio of 2：1 was selected as the raw material. Characteristics andmullitization of the sol were analyzed throughly. It is found that the formation of mullite is basically completed at 1300℃ and thegel powders exhibit favorable sintering shrinkage. The 3D C/mullite composites without interfacial coating were fabricated throughthe route of vacuum impregnation-drying-heat treatment. Satisfied mechanical properties with a flexural strength of 241.2 MPa anda fracture toughness of 10.9 MPa·m1/2are obtained although the total porosity reaches 26.0%. Oxidation resistances of the compositesat 1200, 1400 and 1600 ℃ were investigated. Due to the further densification of matrix, the 3D C/mullite composites show tiny massloss and their mechanical properties are well retained after oxidation at 1600 ℃ for 30 min.

Electrode degradation mechanism during resistance spot welding of zinc coated steel using Cu-TiB_2 electrodes

The TiB2 dispersion-reinforced copper-matrix composite used as electrode material in resistance spot welding of zinc coated steels was studied. The service life of the composite electrode reaches （7700） welds, which is 4 times that of the conventional Cu-Cr-Zr electrode. Little gross deformation is observed on the composite （electrodes） because of the higher thermal strength; therefore, it is believed that wear is the only mechanism for the composite （electrode） deterioration. However, both wear and plastic deformation are responsible for the large increase in the tip diameter of the Cu-Cr-Zr electrodes. Moreover, the large deformation of the Cu-Cr-Zr electrodes may contribute to the increased wear rate of the tips.

Composite with Recyclable Loads for the Manufacture of Blocks to Build Popular Houses

The science space in a state school in Natal city was built using a composite consisting of gypsum, EPS （expanded polystyrene）, shredded tire, cement and water. Mechanical and thermal resistances were evaluated. Inside the blocks, three types of fillings （EPS plates, aluminum cans and 500 mL bottles of mineral water） were placed in order to obtain a walls with higher thermal resistance, but also to give it an ecologically correct order, considering that both the tire and the EPS occupy a large space in landfills and require years to be degraded when released into the environment. Compression tests were conducted according to the rules. The experiments demonstrated that the temperature difference between the internal and external surfaces on the walls reached levels above 12.0 ℃. It was also demonstrated that the proposed composite has adequate mechanical strength to be used for sealing walls. The proposed use of the composite can contribute to reduce the significant housing deficit of Brazil, producing popular houses at low cost and with little time to work.

Comparison of Fracture Resistance Strength of Six Non-metal Dental Posts under the Oblique Load in Vitro

目的:测试6种非金属桩钉的抗折性能,以了解不同桩钉的强度,从而指导临床合理选择桩钉。材料:将36件桩钉按种类分为6个实验组(n=6):A组:Parapost fiber(Whaledent Coltene);B组:Aesthetic Plus(Bisco);C组:Cosmopost(Ivoclar Vivadent);D组:Exper-fiber A(NWPU);E组:Exper-fiber B(NWPU);F组:Exper-fiber C(NWPU)。将待测的桩钉固定于特别加工的夹具中,用通用电子力学试验机测试桩钉在135°单端受力时的破坏载荷,对结果进行方差分析和SNK检验。结果:不同种类桩钉的抗折力不同,Exper-fiber A posts和Exper fiber Bposts的抗折力无显著差异,分别是(87.21±3.12)N和(89.26±1.72)N。与其他组相比Exper-fiber C posts的抗折力最高为(99.93±1.97)N。Parapost-fiber组的抗折力最低为(47.07±1.36)N。结论:不同种类非金属桩钉的抗折力不同,临床使用中应根据实际受力情况合理选择。

阵列式碳纤维复合材料的制备与微波吸收机理研究

以碳纤维为代表的碳材料具有质轻、导电性好、化学稳定性强等突出的物理化学性质,将其作为吸波剂使用可以提升材料的吸波性能、使用寿命并有效降低重量。通过“电场取向优化+基体灌封固化”的工艺完成了不同组分阵列式碳纤维复合材料的制备,采用SEM、FT-IR等手段对材料的形貌和化学成分进行表征,利用矢量网络分析仪对材料在2~18 GHz频段内的复介电常数和复磁导率进行表征,分析了微观结构对材料电磁参数、界面阻抗匹配及电磁波吸收性能的影响规律,最后研究碳纤维空间排布形式、复配粉体成分对其吸波性能的影响机制。结果表明,材料的电磁损耗机制由电介质损耗、干涉相消、界面极化弛豫、磁损耗共同构成;当复合材料厚度为2.0 mm时,反射率<-10 dB(6.1~7.6 GHz),在6.5 GHz处最大衰减值为-15.2 dB,热导率达到3.2 W/(m·K);验证所制备的材料在满足电磁波吸收功能的同时还具有一定的导热性。

冻融循环作用下芳纶纤维增强混凝土力学性能研究

芳纶纤维具有纤维含量高、密度小、韧性大等特点,对提升混凝土材料的力学性能有着巨大的潜力。以芳纶纤维为原料,对冻融循环作用下不同纤维体积掺量(1%、2%、4%)及纤维长径比(200、400、600)的芳纶纤维增强混凝土(AFRC)力学性能进行试验研究,得到了AFRC的抗压强度和抗拉强度。试验结果表明,随着冻融循环次数的增加,混凝土的抗压强度和抗拉强度均有所降低。在循环60次时,AFRC抗压强度和抗拉强度均降低50%左右。AFRC抗压强度随纤维体积掺量的增加而降低,随纤维长径比的增加而增加,抗拉强度基本保持不变。此外,基于试验数据建立了芳纶纤维增强混凝土抗压强度及抗拉强度的预测与转换模型。

“无机粒子-无纺布”协同改性碳纤维复合材料及其增韧机理

针对碳纤维复合材料层间性能较差、易发生分层损伤的问题,提出一种采用SiC粒子和热塑性共聚酰胺(PA)无纺布对碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料(CFRP)进行增韧改性的技术,在层间构筑一种“无机颗粒/热塑性纤维/树脂基体”多组分多尺度增韧相体系,对比分析改性前后复合材料的Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型层间断裂韧性和耐热性,借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和动态热机械分析仪揭示其增韧和耐热性机制。结果表明,与未改性的CFRP材料相比,当SiC填充量(质量分数)为1%、PA无纺布面密度为25 g/m2时,改性CFRP材料Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性(GⅠC)和Ⅱ型层间断裂韧性(GⅡC)分别提高了52.7%和222.6%。无机粒子的阻滞效应、纤维的桥连效应和基体树脂的塑性变形是其主要增韧机制。

一种窑洞建筑碳纤维复合材料的特性测试及应用分析

基于窑洞建筑与村落设施对建筑复材低密度、高断裂韧性的需求,对比分析了烧结SiC、碳纤维增强复合材料以及Y-Z_(r)O_(2)涂层改性碳纤维增强复合材料的密度、表面形貌、弯曲强度和断裂韧性。结果表明,SiC及其碳纤维增强SiC复合材料的密度和弯曲强度从大至小的顺序依次为SiC、Cf/SiC复合材料、Cf(Y-Z_(r)O_(2))/SiC复合材料。SiC、碳纤维增强SiC复合材料中的残留Si含量和断裂韧性从小至大的顺序依次为SiC、Cf/SiC复合材料、Cf(Y-Z_(r)O_(2))/SiC复合材料。碳纤维增强复合材料、Y-Z_(r)O_(2)涂层改性碳纤维增强复合材料较烧结SiC具有更低的密度和更高的断裂韧性。从窑洞建筑与村落设施角度考虑,选择成本更低而性价比更高的Cf/SiC复合材料为宜。

纤维增强树脂矿物复合材料的细观力学特性及损伤机理

纤维增强树脂矿物复合材料因优异的力学性能得到广泛应用,但有关材料损伤机理的研究仅停留在宏观层面,较少关注损伤过程中材料的细观力学特性和微裂纹演化规律。针对这一问题,基于颗粒流离散元技术建立了纤维树脂矿物复合材料的细观模型,分析了材料应力-应变曲线的变化规律,揭示了材料的微裂纹萌生扩展机制和其破坏失效形式。结果表明,相比于树脂矿物复合材料,纤维增强树脂矿物复合材料的抗压强度更高,起裂应力和损伤应力更大;骨料颗粒形状对纤维的增强增韧作用影响较小;纤维对树脂矿物复合材料具有增韧阻裂的作用。研究从细观角度揭示了纤维增强树脂矿物复合材料的损伤性能,能够为该材料的推广应用提供指导。

钢-混组合梁抗剪连接件构造型式及其力学性能研究进展

钢-混组合梁是将钢梁与混凝土桥面板通过抗剪连接件连接成整体,并考虑两者共同受力的桥梁结构型式。抗剪连接件作为其重要传力构件,其性能可靠性是钢材与混凝土协调工作的基础。为了进一步明确钢-混组合梁桥中抗剪连接件的构造型式及其力学性能研究进展,对钢-混组合梁桥中抗剪连接件的相关研究进行了较为系统的梳理和总结。首先,介绍了常见抗剪连接件的类型、构造型式及抗剪机理,以及高性能材料在抗剪连接件中的应用,阐述了抗剪连接件的受力机理,对抗剪连接件分析模型及抗剪承载力计算公式进行了分类总结。最后,对钢-混组合梁抗剪连接件的发展趋势进行了展望,指出面向桥梁快速建造与低碳可持续发展的需求,急需开展基于高性能材料的钢-混组合梁桥抗剪连接件在预制拼装式桥面板中的应用研究。

飞机碳纤维复合材料蒙皮激光除漆技术的研究进展

碳纤维复合材料是飞机蒙皮的重要材料,除漆是飞机碳纤维复合材料蒙皮再次涂装之前最为重要的工序。激光除漆具有高效、可控、分层、“绿色”的优势,有望成为飞机碳纤维复合材料蒙皮除漆的主要技术途径。介绍了激光分层可控除漆方法和机理,总结了激光能量密度、激光扫描速度、激光搭接率等工艺因素对飞机碳纤维复合材料蒙皮涂层去除的影响规律,提出了激光分层可控除漆工艺的优化思路,并归纳了激光除漆效果评价方法。列举了激光除漆技术在飞机复合材料表面涂层维修中的应用,并对飞机碳纤维复合材料蒙皮激光除漆技术的发展趋势进行了展望。

服用软质防刺材料研究进展

综述了防刺服的发展历程,概述了防刺材料的研究现状,介绍了材料的防刺机理,以及相关的防刺测试标准和方法。重点介绍了织物/剪切增稠型服用软质防刺材料的研究进展,分析了服用软质防刺材料可能的发展趋势,为服用软质防刺材料的进一步研究开发提供参考。

功能型植物纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料研究进展

天然植物纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料具有天然环保、可生物降解、力学性能较好等特点,已经成为极具发展潜力的“绿色材料”。功能型植物纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料的研发对于提升复合材料附加值、拓宽应用领域具有重要意义。因此,综述了植物纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料在阻燃、耐候、隔音、保温隔热、抗菌、色彩以及抗静电等领域的研究现状和进展,分析了阻燃剂、抗老化剂、保温剂、抗菌剂、颜料以及导电填物等功能型助剂选择、内在功能性机理解析、产业化技术研发以及产品功能多样性等方面存在的问题,并展望了该领域的发展趋势,以期为进一步推动功能型植物纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料的研发提供科学依据。