The protein-bound uremic toxins,represented by indoxyl sulfate(IS),have been associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease and the development of cardiovascular disease in the presence of impaired renal fu...The protein-bound uremic toxins,represented by indoxyl sulfate(IS),have been associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease and the development of cardiovascular disease in the presence of impaired renal function.Herein,we proposed a novel strategy of thin-film nanofibrous composite(TNFC)dialysis membrane combined with reduced graphene oxide(rGO)aerogel adsorbents for clinical removal of IS as well as high retention of proteins.The TFNC membrane was prepared by electrospinning in conjunction with coating-reaction method and proved to have good selectivity and permeability.To further improve the removal rate of toxins,we used a medium hydrothermal method following by freeze-drying treatment to obtain the r GO aerogel adsorbents.It exhibited excellent adsorption for IS with a maximum adsorption capacity of 69.40 mg·g^(-1)throughπ-πinteraction and hydrogen bonding interaction based on Langmuir isotherm models.Time-dependent absorption experiments showed that it reached adsorption equilibrium within 4 h,which was matched with the hemodialysis time.The coordination was significantly exhibited by introducing r GO aerogel blocks into the dialysate for absorbing the diffused free IS during hemodialysis.Taking the advantages of the TFNC dialysis membrane and the rGO aerogel,the volume of dialysate for hemodialysis was only one-tenth of that without adsorbent blocks but with very comparable dialysis performance(the clearance of IS at 51.8%and the retention of HSA over 98%),which could lighten conventional hemodialysis effectively and be benefit to realize the miniaturization of the hemodialysis equipment.Therefore,the coordination of the TFNC dialysis membrane and rGO aerogel adsorbents would open a new path for the development of portable artificial kidney.展开更多
Anaerobic, aerobic, and facultative bacteria are all present in corrosive environments. However, as previous studies to address corrosion in the marine environment have largely focused on anaerobic bacteria, limited a...Anaerobic, aerobic, and facultative bacteria are all present in corrosive environments. However, as previous studies to address corrosion in the marine environment have largely focused on anaerobic bacteria, limited attention has been paid to the composition and function of aerobic and facultative bacteria in this process. For analysis in this study, ten samples were collected from rust layers on steel plates that had been immersed in seawater for diff erent periods (i.e., six months and eight years) at Sanya and Xiamen, China. The cultivable aerobic bacterial community structure as well as the number of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were analyzed in both cases, while the proportion of facultative SRB among the isolated aerobic bacteria in each sample was also evaluated using a novel approach. Bacterial abundance results show that the proportions are related to sea location and immersion time;abundances of culturable aerobic bacteria (CAB) and SRB from Sanya were greater in most corrosion samples than those from Xiamen, and abundances of both bacterial groups were greater in samples immersed for six months than for eight years. A total of 213 isolates were obtained from all samples in terms of CAB community composition, and a phylogenetic analysis revealed that the taxa comprised four phyla and 31 genera. Bacterial species composition is related to marine location;the results show that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, accounting for 98.13% of the total, while Bacillus and Vibrio were the dominant genera, accounting for 53.06% of the total. An additional sixfacultative SRB strains were also screened from the isolates obtained and were found to encompass the genus Vibrio (four strains), Staphylococcus (one strain), and Photobacterium (one strain). It is noteworthy that mentions of Photobacterium species have so far been absent from the literature, both in terms of its membership of the SRB group and its relationship to corrosion.展开更多
Stable thin films made from polyionic complex 2C12N+PVS- with incorporated Hb on PG electrodes were characterized by electrochemistry. The electron transfer between Hb and PG electrodes was greatly facilitated in micr...Stable thin films made from polyionic complex 2C12N+PVS- with incorporated Hb on PG electrodes were characterized by electrochemistry. The electron transfer between Hb and PG electrodes was greatly facilitated in microenvironment of 2C12N+PVS- films. The Hb-2C12N+PVS-films could be used to catalytically reduce trichloroacetic acid.展开更多
Antibacterial powders of titanium dioxide/silver sulfate were produced by heat-treatment of the metatitanic acid, as precursor, into which the silver nitrate was added. The influences of heating temperature on the str...Antibacterial powders of titanium dioxide/silver sulfate were produced by heat-treatment of the metatitanic acid, as precursor, into which the silver nitrate was added. The influences of heating temperature on the structure and composition of the product were investigated through XRD and SEM. The results show that the powder is spherical in the phase of TiO2-Ag2SO4. The granularity of the particles increases from 10.7nm to 28.7nm with the temperature of heat-treatment increasing from 300℃ to 800℃. The antibacterial activity of the powder was judged in the way of the minimum inhibitory contents （MiCs）. When the content of silver sulfate is less than 2%, the photocatalysis of titanium dioxide and silver ions cooperate to kill bacteria. And the MiCs decrease and keep around 1.0×10 -41.5×10 -4 constantly with the increase of silver content. Furthermore, the MiCs decrease with the increase of temperature of heat-treatment when the temperature is lower than 500℃. But when the temperature is beyond 600℃ the MiCs increase quickly, which shows the inferior antibacterial performance.展开更多
Mesoporous zirconium oxo phosphate-sulfate was synthesized by hydrothermal method with hexadecyltrithylammonium bromide(CTAB)as the template and with zirconium nitrate or zirconium oxychloride as zirconium source.The ...Mesoporous zirconium oxo phosphate-sulfate was synthesized by hydrothermal method with hexadecyltrithylammonium bromide(CTAB)as the template and with zirconium nitrate or zirconium oxychloride as zirconium source.The optimum two-stage process was established, ^(31)P MAS NMR showed that the states of phosphate species were changed with further postsynthesis treatment by sulfate acid. The transformations of the structures at different temperatures from room temperature to 1173 K were investigated by XRD. ...展开更多
Researches into new and innovative uses of waste plastic materials are continuously advancing. These research efforts try to match society’s need for safe and economic disposal of waste materials. The use of recycled...Researches into new and innovative uses of waste plastic materials are continuously advancing. These research efforts try to match society’s need for safe and economic disposal of waste materials. The use of recycled plastic aggregates saves natural resources and dumping spaces, and helps to maintain a clean environment. The present articles deals with the resistance to chemical attack of polymer-mortars, which are often used as low-cost promising materials for preventing or repairing various reinforced concrete structures. To gain more knowledge on the efficiency of polymer-mortar composites, four mortar mixtures: one specimen with Portland cement and three mixtures with 2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt% of the substitution of cement by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were exposed to the influence of aggressive environment (0.5%, 1% and 1.5% HCl acids, 10% NH4Cl, 5% H2SO4 acid and 10% (NH4)2SO4 solutions). The measurements of several properties were carried out, the results were analyzed and the combination of X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and the composites were also observed by SEM led to the positive identification of the deterioration products’ formation. From this study, it was found that the addition of PET to the modified mortars, means reducing the penetration of aggressive agents. So, the PET-modified mortars exposed to aggressive environments showed better resistance to chemical attack. The new composites appear to offer an attractive low-cost material with consistent properties. The present study highlights the capabilities of the different methods for the analysis of composites and opened new way for the recycling of PET in polymer-mortars.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232020A-04)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai City(19ZR1401300)。
文摘The protein-bound uremic toxins,represented by indoxyl sulfate(IS),have been associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease and the development of cardiovascular disease in the presence of impaired renal function.Herein,we proposed a novel strategy of thin-film nanofibrous composite(TNFC)dialysis membrane combined with reduced graphene oxide(rGO)aerogel adsorbents for clinical removal of IS as well as high retention of proteins.The TFNC membrane was prepared by electrospinning in conjunction with coating-reaction method and proved to have good selectivity and permeability.To further improve the removal rate of toxins,we used a medium hydrothermal method following by freeze-drying treatment to obtain the r GO aerogel adsorbents.It exhibited excellent adsorption for IS with a maximum adsorption capacity of 69.40 mg·g^(-1)throughπ-πinteraction and hydrogen bonding interaction based on Langmuir isotherm models.Time-dependent absorption experiments showed that it reached adsorption equilibrium within 4 h,which was matched with the hemodialysis time.The coordination was significantly exhibited by introducing r GO aerogel blocks into the dialysate for absorbing the diffused free IS during hemodialysis.Taking the advantages of the TFNC dialysis membrane and the rGO aerogel,the volume of dialysate for hemodialysis was only one-tenth of that without adsorbent blocks but with very comparable dialysis performance(the clearance of IS at 51.8%and the retention of HSA over 98%),which could lighten conventional hemodialysis effectively and be benefit to realize the miniaturization of the hemodialysis equipment.Therefore,the coordination of the TFNC dialysis membrane and rGO aerogel adsorbents would open a new path for the development of portable artificial kidney.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2014CB643304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41576080)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2018GHY115003)
文摘Anaerobic, aerobic, and facultative bacteria are all present in corrosive environments. However, as previous studies to address corrosion in the marine environment have largely focused on anaerobic bacteria, limited attention has been paid to the composition and function of aerobic and facultative bacteria in this process. For analysis in this study, ten samples were collected from rust layers on steel plates that had been immersed in seawater for diff erent periods (i.e., six months and eight years) at Sanya and Xiamen, China. The cultivable aerobic bacterial community structure as well as the number of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were analyzed in both cases, while the proportion of facultative SRB among the isolated aerobic bacteria in each sample was also evaluated using a novel approach. Bacterial abundance results show that the proportions are related to sea location and immersion time;abundances of culturable aerobic bacteria (CAB) and SRB from Sanya were greater in most corrosion samples than those from Xiamen, and abundances of both bacterial groups were greater in samples immersed for six months than for eight years. A total of 213 isolates were obtained from all samples in terms of CAB community composition, and a phylogenetic analysis revealed that the taxa comprised four phyla and 31 genera. Bacterial species composition is related to marine location;the results show that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, accounting for 98.13% of the total, while Bacillus and Vibrio were the dominant genera, accounting for 53.06% of the total. An additional sixfacultative SRB strains were also screened from the isolates obtained and were found to encompass the genus Vibrio (four strains), Staphylococcus (one strain), and Photobacterium (one strain). It is noteworthy that mentions of Photobacterium species have so far been absent from the literature, both in terms of its membership of the SRB group and its relationship to corrosion.
文摘Stable thin films made from polyionic complex 2C12N+PVS- with incorporated Hb on PG electrodes were characterized by electrochemistry. The electron transfer between Hb and PG electrodes was greatly facilitated in microenvironment of 2C12N+PVS- films. The Hb-2C12N+PVS-films could be used to catalytically reduce trichloroacetic acid.
文摘Antibacterial powders of titanium dioxide/silver sulfate were produced by heat-treatment of the metatitanic acid, as precursor, into which the silver nitrate was added. The influences of heating temperature on the structure and composition of the product were investigated through XRD and SEM. The results show that the powder is spherical in the phase of TiO2-Ag2SO4. The granularity of the particles increases from 10.7nm to 28.7nm with the temperature of heat-treatment increasing from 300℃ to 800℃. The antibacterial activity of the powder was judged in the way of the minimum inhibitory contents （MiCs）. When the content of silver sulfate is less than 2%, the photocatalysis of titanium dioxide and silver ions cooperate to kill bacteria. And the MiCs decrease and keep around 1.0×10 -41.5×10 -4 constantly with the increase of silver content. Furthermore, the MiCs decrease with the increase of temperature of heat-treatment when the temperature is lower than 500℃. But when the temperature is beyond 600℃ the MiCs increase quickly, which shows the inferior antibacterial performance.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant: DICP K2000B3)
文摘Mesoporous zirconium oxo phosphate-sulfate was synthesized by hydrothermal method with hexadecyltrithylammonium bromide(CTAB)as the template and with zirconium nitrate or zirconium oxychloride as zirconium source.The optimum two-stage process was established, ^(31)P MAS NMR showed that the states of phosphate species were changed with further postsynthesis treatment by sulfate acid. The transformations of the structures at different temperatures from room temperature to 1173 K were investigated by XRD. ...
文摘Researches into new and innovative uses of waste plastic materials are continuously advancing. These research efforts try to match society’s need for safe and economic disposal of waste materials. The use of recycled plastic aggregates saves natural resources and dumping spaces, and helps to maintain a clean environment. The present articles deals with the resistance to chemical attack of polymer-mortars, which are often used as low-cost promising materials for preventing or repairing various reinforced concrete structures. To gain more knowledge on the efficiency of polymer-mortar composites, four mortar mixtures: one specimen with Portland cement and three mixtures with 2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt% of the substitution of cement by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were exposed to the influence of aggressive environment (0.5%, 1% and 1.5% HCl acids, 10% NH4Cl, 5% H2SO4 acid and 10% (NH4)2SO4 solutions). The measurements of several properties were carried out, the results were analyzed and the combination of X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and the composites were also observed by SEM led to the positive identification of the deterioration products’ formation. From this study, it was found that the addition of PET to the modified mortars, means reducing the penetration of aggressive agents. So, the PET-modified mortars exposed to aggressive environments showed better resistance to chemical attack. The new composites appear to offer an attractive low-cost material with consistent properties. The present study highlights the capabilities of the different methods for the analysis of composites and opened new way for the recycling of PET in polymer-mortars.
