The effect of substrate temperature on the microstructure and the morphology of erbium film are systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. All the erbium film...The effect of substrate temperature on the microstructure and the morphology of erbium film are systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. All the erbium films are grown by electron-beam vapor deposition （EBVD）. A novel preparation method for observing the cross-section morphology of the erbium film is developed. The films deposited at 200 ℃ have （002） preferred orientation, and the films deposited at 450 ℃ have a mixed （100） and （101） texture, due to the different growth mechanisms of surface energy minimization and recrystallization, respectively. The peak positions and the full widths at half maximum （FWHMs） of erbium diffraction lines （100）, （002）, and （101） shift towards higher angles and decrease with the increasing substrate temperature in a largely uniform manner, respectively. Also, the lattice constants decrease with increasing temperature. The transition in the film stresses can be used to interpret the changes in peak positions, FWHMs, and lattice constants. The stress is compressive for the as-growth fihns, and is counteracted by the tensile stress formed during the process of temperature cooling to room temperature. The tensile stress mainly originates from the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the substrate-film couple.展开更多
The directional structure of Ni60/high-aluminum bronze composite coating was formed using induction remelting and forced cooling.The microstructural evolution and the characteristics of interface growth were studied.T...The directional structure of Ni60/high-aluminum bronze composite coating was formed using induction remelting and forced cooling.The microstructural evolution and the characteristics of interface growth were studied.The results showed that the remelted coating formed metallurgical bonding with the substrate.The micros tructures changed from plane crystal to dendrite,cellular dendrite,fine cellular dendrite,and then to dendrite again with the increase in the cooling rate.The crystal grew along the heat flow direction and had(111) and(200)preferred orientations when the cooling rate was 1.886 ml-min^(-1).mm^(-2).The plane crystal,dendrite and cellular dendrite were mainly composed of compounds and solid solutions with Ni,Fe and Cu,and they were surrounded by strengthening phases composed of Cr,C and B.The grain boundary of directional structure coatings showed the characteristic of regular eutectic growth,but grain boundary of remelted coating presented characteristic of divorced eutectic growth.The wear resistance of directional structure coatings is better than that of remelted coating.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10976007)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. ZYGX2009J040)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Foundation of CAEP, China (Grant No. 2009A0301015)the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 91126001)
文摘The effect of substrate temperature on the microstructure and the morphology of erbium film are systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. All the erbium films are grown by electron-beam vapor deposition （EBVD）. A novel preparation method for observing the cross-section morphology of the erbium film is developed. The films deposited at 200 ℃ have （002） preferred orientation, and the films deposited at 450 ℃ have a mixed （100） and （101） texture, due to the different growth mechanisms of surface energy minimization and recrystallization, respectively. The peak positions and the full widths at half maximum （FWHMs） of erbium diffraction lines （100）, （002）, and （101） shift towards higher angles and decrease with the increasing substrate temperature in a largely uniform manner, respectively. Also, the lattice constants decrease with increasing temperature. The transition in the film stresses can be used to interpret the changes in peak positions, FWHMs, and lattice constants. The stress is compressive for the as-growth fihns, and is counteracted by the tensile stress formed during the process of temperature cooling to room temperature. The tensile stress mainly originates from the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the substrate-film couple.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51365024)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LGG19E010003)。
文摘The directional structure of Ni60/high-aluminum bronze composite coating was formed using induction remelting and forced cooling.The microstructural evolution and the characteristics of interface growth were studied.The results showed that the remelted coating formed metallurgical bonding with the substrate.The micros tructures changed from plane crystal to dendrite,cellular dendrite,fine cellular dendrite,and then to dendrite again with the increase in the cooling rate.The crystal grew along the heat flow direction and had(111) and(200)preferred orientations when the cooling rate was 1.886 ml-min^(-1).mm^(-2).The plane crystal,dendrite and cellular dendrite were mainly composed of compounds and solid solutions with Ni,Fe and Cu,and they were surrounded by strengthening phases composed of Cr,C and B.The grain boundary of directional structure coatings showed the characteristic of regular eutectic growth,but grain boundary of remelted coating presented characteristic of divorced eutectic growth.The wear resistance of directional structure coatings is better than that of remelted coating.
