The public health and ecological impacts of volatile organic compound(VOCs) pollution have become a serious problem in China,arousing increasing attention to emissions control.In this context,this paper analyses the e...The public health and ecological impacts of volatile organic compound(VOCs) pollution have become a serious problem in China,arousing increasing attention to emissions control.In this context,this paper analyses the effectiveness of VOC reduction policies,namely pollution charges and environmental taxes at the national and industrial sector levels.It uses a computable general equilibrium model,which connects macroeconomic variables with VOC emissions inventory,to simulate the effects of policy scenarios(with 2007 as the reference year).This paper shows that VOC emissions are reduced by 2.2% when a pollution charge equal to the average cost of engineering reduction methods-the traditional approach to regulation in China-is applied.In order to achieve a similar reduction,an 8.9% indirect tax would have to be imposed.It concludes that an environmental tax should be the preferred method of VOC regulation due to its smaller footprint on the macroeconomy.Other policies,such as subsidies,should be used as supplements.展开更多
A new method is proposed for determining the composition and stability constant of coordination compounds of the form M m R n ; it can be used to differentiate mono and poly nuclear coordination compounds. ...A new method is proposed for determining the composition and stability constant of coordination compounds of the form M m R n ; it can be used to differentiate mono and poly nuclear coordination compounds. The equation derived is lg( A i/(A max - A i) m)=n lg c′ R+lg( m·β(c M/A max ) ( m -1) ). The method is based on Bent French limited logarithm method. The demonstration of the proposed method has yielded correct results for Sc 3+ chlorophosphonazo Ⅲ system and Fe 3+ Chromazurol S system.展开更多
A simple and selective ultra performance liquid chromatography--electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-ESI-MS/MS） assay was developed for the determination of the human plasma protein binding of four...A simple and selective ultra performance liquid chromatography--electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-ESI-MS/MS） assay was developed for the determination of the human plasma protein binding of four bioactive ftavonoids （such as orientin and vitexin） in Polygonum orientale. Protein precipitation was used for sample preparation. Equilibrium dialysis technique was applied to determine the plasma protein binding under physiological conditions. The separation was achieved through a Waters C i s column with a mobile phase composed of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid using step gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. A Waters ACQUITYTM TQD system was operated under the multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode of positive electrospray ionization. All of the recovery, precision, accuracy and stability of the method met the requirements. Good correlations （r 〉 0.99） of the four compounds were found, which suggested that these compounds can be simultaneously determined with acceptable accuracy. Results showed that the plasma protein bindings of the four bioactive flavonoids were in the range of 74-89% over the six concentrations studied. The binding parameters containing protein binding affinity, protein binding dissociation constant, and protein binding site were studied. The maximum ability to bind with protein was also determined in the assay in order to understand the drug-protein binding of each compound better.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China:[Grant Number2012CB955800]the National Natural Science Foundation(863 Program)of China:[Grant Number 2012 AA063101]the "Strategic Priority Research Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[Grant Number XDB05050200]
文摘The public health and ecological impacts of volatile organic compound(VOCs) pollution have become a serious problem in China,arousing increasing attention to emissions control.In this context,this paper analyses the effectiveness of VOC reduction policies,namely pollution charges and environmental taxes at the national and industrial sector levels.It uses a computable general equilibrium model,which connects macroeconomic variables with VOC emissions inventory,to simulate the effects of policy scenarios(with 2007 as the reference year).This paper shows that VOC emissions are reduced by 2.2% when a pollution charge equal to the average cost of engineering reduction methods-the traditional approach to regulation in China-is applied.In order to achieve a similar reduction,an 8.9% indirect tax would have to be imposed.It concludes that an environmental tax should be the preferred method of VOC regulation due to its smaller footprint on the macroeconomy.Other policies,such as subsidies,should be used as supplements.
文摘A new method is proposed for determining the composition and stability constant of coordination compounds of the form M m R n ; it can be used to differentiate mono and poly nuclear coordination compounds. The equation derived is lg( A i/(A max - A i) m)=n lg c′ R+lg( m·β(c M/A max ) ( m -1) ). The method is based on Bent French limited logarithm method. The demonstration of the proposed method has yielded correct results for Sc 3+ chlorophosphonazo Ⅲ system and Fe 3+ Chromazurol S system.
基金This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China （No. 30860366） Guizhou Province Municipal Science and Technology Project （No. 2007-6010）.
文摘A simple and selective ultra performance liquid chromatography--electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-ESI-MS/MS） assay was developed for the determination of the human plasma protein binding of four bioactive ftavonoids （such as orientin and vitexin） in Polygonum orientale. Protein precipitation was used for sample preparation. Equilibrium dialysis technique was applied to determine the plasma protein binding under physiological conditions. The separation was achieved through a Waters C i s column with a mobile phase composed of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid using step gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. A Waters ACQUITYTM TQD system was operated under the multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode of positive electrospray ionization. All of the recovery, precision, accuracy and stability of the method met the requirements. Good correlations （r 〉 0.99） of the four compounds were found, which suggested that these compounds can be simultaneously determined with acceptable accuracy. Results showed that the plasma protein bindings of the four bioactive flavonoids were in the range of 74-89% over the six concentrations studied. The binding parameters containing protein binding affinity, protein binding dissociation constant, and protein binding site were studied. The maximum ability to bind with protein was also determined in the assay in order to understand the drug-protein binding of each compound better.
