[ Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of compound Chinese medicine on growth and antioxidant capacity of Acipenser schrenckii, and to provide a foundation for the application of traditional Chinese medicine ...[ Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of compound Chinese medicine on growth and antioxidant capacity of Acipenser schrenckii, and to provide a foundation for the application of traditional Chinese medicine as immune additives in sturgeon aquaculture production. [Methods] Three kinds of compound Chinese medicines (respectively called A, B and C) were added into basic material feed as feed additives, continuous fed 1 ^+ age Acipenser schrenckii for 35 d, then weight gain rate was determined and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity in serum and liver were detected. [ Results ] Chinese medicine formulae could increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total antioxidant capacity (ToAOC) and glutathione per- oxidase (GSH-PX) in serum and liver of sturgeon. Especially SOD enzyme activity of serum in the three formulae groups was significantly higher ( P 〈 0.05) than control group, SOD enzyme activities of fish liver in group A and C were significantly higher ( P 〈 0.05) than control group; T-AOC activities of serum and liver in the three formulae groups were both incressed, but had no significant differences with that of the control group; only GSH-PX activities of fish serum in group B and C had significant differences (P〈0.05) with that of control group, GSH-PX activities of liver in the three formulae groups had no significant differences with that of control group; and traditional Chinese medicine could significantly reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) content of sturgeon serum, MDA contents of serum and liver in three formulae groups had significant differences (P 〈 0.05) with that of control group. [ Conclusion] The selected three kinds of compound Chinese medicine additives had different degree of ability to improve sturgeon antioxidant function.展开更多
Correlation between the body length and the diameter of the compound eyeof the Antarctic krill Euphausis sulfa was examined. From the samples collected inthe late summer, it shows that there is an apparent exponential...Correlation between the body length and the diameter of the compound eyeof the Antarctic krill Euphausis sulfa was examined. From the samples collected inthe late summer, it shows that there is an apparent exponential relationship betweeneye diameter and the body length. From the laboratory population, it seems that whenthe krill shrink, the diameter of the compound eye does not decrease. It is more reliableto use the eye diameter as krill growth index than they length. The ratio of the theylength to the diameter of the compound eye offers another method for detecting the effect of shrinking in natural populations of krill.展开更多
Effects of two kinds of magnesium compound with fertilizer on Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) growth, yield, and soil nutrients in red soil were studied. The results indicated that significant effects of magne...Effects of two kinds of magnesium compound with fertilizer on Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) growth, yield, and soil nutrients in red soil were studied. The results indicated that significant effects of magnesium applied to soils were observed in increasing Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) yield, improving its growth, and strengthening its antivirus property as well as increasing the amount of exchangeable Mg, N, P, and K in red soil. In particular, the effects of magnesium compound fertilizer Ⅱ (MCF2) with higher Mg content were better than that of the others, which increased Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) yield by 57.4, 32.8, and 14.5% compared to that of control treatment (CK), chemical fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium treatment (CF), and magnesium compound fertilizer Ⅰ treatment (MCF1) with lower Mg content. It increased soil Alkali N, available P, exchangeable K, and exchangeable Mg by 94.9, 46.5, 31.1, and 35.3%, respectively, compared with that of CK treatment. Therefore, the application of magnesium compound with fertilizer is an optimum method for improving red soil quality.展开更多
Low-dimensional quantum spin systems with the Cu2+ central ion are still in the focus of experimental and theoretical research. Here is reported on growth of mm-sized single-crystals of the low-dimensional S = 1/2 spi...Low-dimensional quantum spin systems with the Cu2+ central ion are still in the focus of experimental and theoretical research. Here is reported on growth of mm-sized single-crystals of the low-dimensional S = 1/2 spin compound Cu6(Ge,Si)6O18·6H2O by a diffusion technique in aqueous solution. A route to form Si-rich crystals down to possible dioptase, the pure silicate, is discussed. Motivated by previously reported incorrect assignments of UV-VIS spectra, the assignment of dd excitations from such spectra of the hexahydrate and the fully dehydrated compound is proposed in comparison to dioptase and selected Cu(II) oxo-compounds using bond strength considerations. Non-doped cuprates as layer compounds show higher excitation energies than the title compound. However, when the antiferromagnetic interaction energy as Jz·ln(2) is taken into account for cuprates, a single linear relationship between the Dqe excitation energy and equatorial Cu(II)-O bond strength is confirmed for all compounds. A linear representation is also confirmed between 2A1g energies and a function of axial and equatorial Cu-O bond distances if auxiliary axial bonds are used for four-coordinated compounds. The quotient Dt/Ds of experimental orbital energies deviating from the general trend to smaller values indicates the existence of H2O respectively Cl−axial ligands in comparison to oxo-ligands, whereas larger Dt/Dqe values indicate missing axial bonds. The quotient of the excitation energy 2A1g by 2·2Eg-2B2g allows checking for correctness of the assignment and to distinguish between axial oxo-ligands and others like H2O or Cl−.展开更多
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound plant extract on the growth performance and economic benefits of Sujiang pigs during the fattening period. A total of 50 Sujiang pigs,weighing about ...The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound plant extract on the growth performance and economic benefits of Sujiang pigs during the fattening period. A total of 50 Sujiang pigs,weighing about 60 kg( there were no significant differences in the weight of the pigs),were selected. They were randomly and evenly divided into five groups: control group,A,B,C and D groups. The pigs in the control group were fed basal diet. For the pigs in the A,B,C and D groups,per kg of basal diet was added with 100,200,300 and 400 mg of compound plant extract,respectively. The experimental duration was 44 d. The results showed that in the treatment groups,the average daily weight gains were 15. 57%,20. 68%,17. 95% and 7. 31%,respectively higher than that of the control group,the feed-gain ratios were13. 29%,16. 92%,15. 11% and 11. 48%,respectively lower than that of the control group( P > 0. 05),and the economic benefits were62. 65,83. 23,72. 50 and 42. 11 yuan,respectively higher than that of the control group. In conclusion,the addition of compound plant extract in the basal diet of Sujiang pigs during fattening period can improve the economic benefit,and the economic benefit is best when the addition amount is 200 mg/kg.展开更多
The electrical conductivity and Hall effect for T1GaSeS crystals have been investigated over a wide temperature range. The crystals we used are grown by a modified Bridgman technique and possess p-type conductivity. T...The electrical conductivity and Hall effect for T1GaSeS crystals have been investigated over a wide temperature range. The crystals we used are grown by a modified Bridgman technique and possess p-type conductivity. The energy gap has been found to be 1.63 eV, whereas the ionization energy is 0.25 eV. The variations of the Hall mobility as well as the carrier concentration with temperature have been investigated. The scattering mechanisms of the carder are checked over the whole investigated temperature range. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient, relaxation time, and diffusion length of holes are estimated.展开更多
The phase diagram, growth and optical property of LaBWO6 crystal are reported. LaBWO6 crystal melts congruently at 1078 ℃. Based on the pseudo-ternary phase diagram of LaBWO6-(Li2WO4/LiF) -B203, the LaBWO6 crystals...The phase diagram, growth and optical property of LaBWO6 crystal are reported. LaBWO6 crystal melts congruently at 1078 ℃. Based on the pseudo-ternary phase diagram of LaBWO6-(Li2WO4/LiF) -B203, the LaBWO6 crystals have been firstly grown by the flux method. LaBWO6 crystal crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group P222 with a = 4.1, b = 10.31 and c = 21.71 A. LaBWO6 Crystal exhibits high transparency in a range from 327 to 1100 nm. The absorption edge of the crystal in the UV range is at 293 nm. The SHG efficient of LaBWO6 crystal is 0.3 times as large as that of the KDP crystal.展开更多
Organic nonlinear optical material of 4-bromo-4’-methyl benzylidene aniline (BMBA) was synthesized and single crystal of BMBA was grown by solvent evaporation method at room temperature using ethanol as solvent. The ...Organic nonlinear optical material of 4-bromo-4’-methyl benzylidene aniline (BMBA) was synthesized and single crystal of BMBA was grown by solvent evaporation method at room temperature using ethanol as solvent. The crystalline nature of the grown crystals was confirmed using powder X-ray diffraction studies. The crystals were also characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction method and their lattice parameters were determined. Thermal properties of BMBA were evaluated with thermogravimetric, differential thermal and differential scanning calorimetric analyses. Fourier transform infrared and FT-Raman spectral studies were carried out on the BMBA material to confirm the synthesized compound. 1H and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectral studies were recorded to elucidate the structure of the grown crystals. Fluorescence spectrum recorded shows a peak at 485 nm. UV-Vis-NIR spectral analysis shows transmittance of ~92% in the visible region. The mechanical stability was analyzed by Vickers microhardness tester and the work hardening coefficient of the grown crystal was calculated. Second harmonic generation efficiency of the grown crystal measured by Kurtz powder technique is ~1.8 times that of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate.展开更多
The metal-organic compound [Cu(MOPIP)2(OH)2] 1(MOPIP = 2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline) was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis,Fourier-t...The metal-organic compound [Cu(MOPIP)2(OH)2] 1(MOPIP = 2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline) was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis,Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,single-crystal X-ray diffraction and theoretical calculations in Gaussian 03.In the crystal structure,the copper(Cu) atoms are tetra-coordinated with four different nitrogen atoms from two different MOPIP ligands,and the Cu atom is one of the five vertexes of the tetrahedron.Presumably due to the steric bulk of the phenyl ligands,compound 1 adopts a slightly distorted tetrahedral configuration.Moreover,it exhibits a zero-dimensional structure with Cu-MOPIP as the building units.Natural Bond Orbital(NBO) analysis was performed by using the NBO method built in Gaussian 03 Program.The calculation results showed a covalent interaction between the coordinated atoms and Cu(Ⅱ) ion.展开更多
To reveal the complicated mechanism of the multicomponent mass transfer during the growth of ternary compound semiconductors, a numerical model based on Maxwell-Stefan equations was developed to simulate the Bridgman ...To reveal the complicated mechanism of the multicomponent mass transfer during the growth of ternary compound semiconductors, a numerical model based on Maxwell-Stefan equations was developed to simulate the Bridgman growth of CdZnTe crystal. The Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficients in the melt were estimated. Distributions of Zn, Cd, and Te were calculated with variable ampoule traveling rate and diffusion coefficients. The experimental results show that Zn in melt near the growth interface decreases and diffuses from the bulk melt to the growth interface. For Cd, the situation is just the opposite. The coupling effects of Zn and Cd diffusions result in an uphill diffusion of Te at the beginning of the growth. Throughout the growth, the concentration of Te in the melt keeps low near the growth interface but high far from the growth interface. Increasing the ampoule traveling rate will aggravate the segregation of Zn and Cd, and hence deteriorate the uniformity of Te. We also find that not only the diffusion coefficients but also the ratios between them have significant influence on the species diffusions.展开更多
An organic material, namely, ethyl p-dimethylamino benzoate was crystallized for the first time by solution growth technique using pure and mixed solvents. Growth kinetics and morphology changes with solvents were inv...An organic material, namely, ethyl p-dimethylamino benzoate was crystallized for the first time by solution growth technique using pure and mixed solvents. Growth kinetics and morphology changes with solvents were investigated based on solute –solvent interactions of pure and mixed solvents. An appropriate mixed solvent for high quality crystals with well-defined morphology is reported. The absence of solvent molecules and the presence of various functional groups of the grown sample were qualitatively confirmed by FTIR spectroscopic studies. Thermal properties of the grown sample were analyzed by TG and DTA analysis. Mechanical properties of the EDMAB crystal were investigated by micro hardness studies. Moreover, the grown crystal shows high transparency in the visible and near IR regions. The material shows relatively high SHG efficiency than that of KDP.展开更多
The reaction between high purity nickel (99.999%) and high purity tin (99.999%) was investigated in the temperature range of 232℃ - 330℃, at short periods of annealing (1 - 60 s). The reaction kinetic was studied us...The reaction between high purity nickel (99.999%) and high purity tin (99.999%) was investigated in the temperature range of 232℃ - 330℃, at short periods of annealing (1 - 60 s). The reaction kinetic was studied using cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The intermetallic compound (IMC) growth was analyzed using the empirical power law and a time dependence in the range of 0.26 to 0.33 was found. The morphology of the IMC was investigated by SEM in the temperature range of 235℃ - 290℃, at annealing periods of 10 s, 30 s, and 60 s by selectively etching away the remaining elementary tin. The exposed IMC displays a change in morphology with increasing annealing temperature, demonstrating that the growth velocity of certain crystallographic orientations of the IMC is strongly influenced by the annealing temperature. Additionally, coarsening and crumbling of the IMC grains is observed, and will be discussed with respect to the responsible mechanisms.展开更多
Thin heavily Mg-doped InGaN and GaN compound contact layer is used to form Ni/Au Ohmic contact to p-GaN. The growth conditions of the compound contact layer and its effect on the performance of Ni/Au Ohmic contact to ...Thin heavily Mg-doped InGaN and GaN compound contact layer is used to form Ni/Au Ohmic contact to p-GaN. The growth conditions of the compound contact layer and its effect on the performance of Ni/Au Ohmic contact to p-GaN are investigated. It is confirmed that the specific contact resistivity can be lowered nearly two orders by optimizing the growth conditions of compound contact layer. When the flow rate ratio between Mg and Ga gas sources of p++-InGaN layer is 10.6% and the thickness of p++-InGaN layer is 3 nm, the lowest specific contact resistivity of 3.98× 10-5 Ω cm2 is achieved. In addition, the experimental results indicate that the specific contact resistivity can be further lowered to 1.07 × 10-7Ω.cm2 by optimizing the alloying annealing temperature to 520 ℃.展开更多
The majority of bacterial infections involve the formation of biofilms. Biofilm formation is nutrient and growth dependent. Determination of the effects of nutrients on exopolysaccharide production and bacterial growt...The majority of bacterial infections involve the formation of biofilms. Biofilm formation is nutrient and growth dependent. Determination of the effects of nutrients on exopolysaccharide production and bacterial growth is labor and time intensive. We tested whether the Bioscreen C (Growth Curves, Inc.) would have utility as a high-throughput tool in the measurement of fundamental phenotype expression, as it relates to growth conditions. Within 48 - 72 hr, reproduceble, statistically significant data on the affects of growth conditions on generation time, capsule production and biofilm formation (maximally for 25 different conditions per 24 hr run cycle;n = 4) were obtained. Although all S. aureus strains produced similar amounts of capsule, sarA– and agr– strains grew significantly slower than parent strain (1.6 fold slower) and produced significantly (p 0.05) less biofilm (~2 fold). E. coli growth rate, biofilm and capsule production in simulated nephropathic urine medium was similar for urine with insulin (20 μU). Addition of insulin to urine medium with proline increased generation time, capsule and biofilm production. Findings from this study show that the Bioscreen C is a rapid, reproducible, and easily manipulated system to concurrently measure bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and capsule production. In addition, there is the potential for further applications of this system by expanding the types of detector dyes used.展开更多
In this investigation, the influence of a thin gold (Au) layer on the growth behavior of the intermetallic compound (IMC) in a Nickel-Tin-Solder (NiSn-Solder) was studied. The reaction kinetics was studied in the temp...In this investigation, the influence of a thin gold (Au) layer on the growth behavior of the intermetallic compound (IMC) in a Nickel-Tin-Solder (NiSn-Solder) was studied. The reaction kinetics was studied in the temperature range of 232℃ to 330℃ using cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The kinetics of the reaction was determined using the empirical power law and the research showed that the introduction of an Au layer changes the reaction kinetics of the solder significantly. Furthermore, the change in reaction kinetics was accompanied by a change in morphology of the developing grains. The grain morphology of the IMC was studied for samples annealed at 290℃using cross-sectional and top-view samples and compared to Au free NiSn-Solder.展开更多
With diethylamine as a solvent, ZnSe films were formed on the Si substrate directly from zinc and selenium through the modified solvothermal method. The effects of holding temperature, deposition time and substrate su...With diethylamine as a solvent, ZnSe films were formed on the Si substrate directly from zinc and selenium through the modified solvothermal method. The effects of holding temperature, deposition time and substrate surface treatment on the quality and morphologies of the ZnSe films were investigated. The growth mechanism of ZnSe films was proved to be a layer-nucleation growth process, which was tied in with the Stranski-Krastanov (SK) model. ZnSe films were identified by the X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) and the photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The results indicate that the modified solvothermal method with diethylamine as a solvent is suitable to prepare high quality ZnSe films.展开更多
基金Public welfare industry(agriculture)research special funds(201003055)Central public research institutes basic scientific research business expenses special(201003)
文摘[ Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of compound Chinese medicine on growth and antioxidant capacity of Acipenser schrenckii, and to provide a foundation for the application of traditional Chinese medicine as immune additives in sturgeon aquaculture production. [Methods] Three kinds of compound Chinese medicines (respectively called A, B and C) were added into basic material feed as feed additives, continuous fed 1 ^+ age Acipenser schrenckii for 35 d, then weight gain rate was determined and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity in serum and liver were detected. [ Results ] Chinese medicine formulae could increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total antioxidant capacity (ToAOC) and glutathione per- oxidase (GSH-PX) in serum and liver of sturgeon. Especially SOD enzyme activity of serum in the three formulae groups was significantly higher ( P 〈 0.05) than control group, SOD enzyme activities of fish liver in group A and C were significantly higher ( P 〈 0.05) than control group; T-AOC activities of serum and liver in the three formulae groups were both incressed, but had no significant differences with that of the control group; only GSH-PX activities of fish serum in group B and C had significant differences (P〈0.05) with that of control group, GSH-PX activities of liver in the three formulae groups had no significant differences with that of control group; and traditional Chinese medicine could significantly reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) content of sturgeon serum, MDA contents of serum and liver in three formulae groups had significant differences (P 〈 0.05) with that of control group. [ Conclusion] The selected three kinds of compound Chinese medicine additives had different degree of ability to improve sturgeon antioxidant function.
文摘Correlation between the body length and the diameter of the compound eyeof the Antarctic krill Euphausis sulfa was examined. From the samples collected inthe late summer, it shows that there is an apparent exponential relationship betweeneye diameter and the body length. From the laboratory population, it seems that whenthe krill shrink, the diameter of the compound eye does not decrease. It is more reliableto use the eye diameter as krill growth index than they length. The ratio of the theylength to the diameter of the compound eye offers another method for detecting the effect of shrinking in natural populations of krill.
文摘Effects of two kinds of magnesium compound with fertilizer on Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) growth, yield, and soil nutrients in red soil were studied. The results indicated that significant effects of magnesium applied to soils were observed in increasing Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) yield, improving its growth, and strengthening its antivirus property as well as increasing the amount of exchangeable Mg, N, P, and K in red soil. In particular, the effects of magnesium compound fertilizer Ⅱ (MCF2) with higher Mg content were better than that of the others, which increased Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) yield by 57.4, 32.8, and 14.5% compared to that of control treatment (CK), chemical fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium treatment (CF), and magnesium compound fertilizer Ⅰ treatment (MCF1) with lower Mg content. It increased soil Alkali N, available P, exchangeable K, and exchangeable Mg by 94.9, 46.5, 31.1, and 35.3%, respectively, compared with that of CK treatment. Therefore, the application of magnesium compound with fertilizer is an optimum method for improving red soil quality.
文摘Low-dimensional quantum spin systems with the Cu2+ central ion are still in the focus of experimental and theoretical research. Here is reported on growth of mm-sized single-crystals of the low-dimensional S = 1/2 spin compound Cu6(Ge,Si)6O18·6H2O by a diffusion technique in aqueous solution. A route to form Si-rich crystals down to possible dioptase, the pure silicate, is discussed. Motivated by previously reported incorrect assignments of UV-VIS spectra, the assignment of dd excitations from such spectra of the hexahydrate and the fully dehydrated compound is proposed in comparison to dioptase and selected Cu(II) oxo-compounds using bond strength considerations. Non-doped cuprates as layer compounds show higher excitation energies than the title compound. However, when the antiferromagnetic interaction energy as Jz·ln(2) is taken into account for cuprates, a single linear relationship between the Dqe excitation energy and equatorial Cu(II)-O bond strength is confirmed for all compounds. A linear representation is also confirmed between 2A1g energies and a function of axial and equatorial Cu-O bond distances if auxiliary axial bonds are used for four-coordinated compounds. The quotient Dt/Ds of experimental orbital energies deviating from the general trend to smaller values indicates the existence of H2O respectively Cl−axial ligands in comparison to oxo-ligands, whereas larger Dt/Dqe values indicate missing axial bonds. The quotient of the excitation energy 2A1g by 2·2Eg-2B2g allows checking for correctness of the assignment and to distinguish between axial oxo-ligands and others like H2O or Cl−.
基金College Students'Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Program of Jiangsu Province(201812806033H)Scientific Research Project of Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College(NSFPT201704)
文摘The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound plant extract on the growth performance and economic benefits of Sujiang pigs during the fattening period. A total of 50 Sujiang pigs,weighing about 60 kg( there were no significant differences in the weight of the pigs),were selected. They were randomly and evenly divided into five groups: control group,A,B,C and D groups. The pigs in the control group were fed basal diet. For the pigs in the A,B,C and D groups,per kg of basal diet was added with 100,200,300 and 400 mg of compound plant extract,respectively. The experimental duration was 44 d. The results showed that in the treatment groups,the average daily weight gains were 15. 57%,20. 68%,17. 95% and 7. 31%,respectively higher than that of the control group,the feed-gain ratios were13. 29%,16. 92%,15. 11% and 11. 48%,respectively lower than that of the control group( P > 0. 05),and the economic benefits were62. 65,83. 23,72. 50 and 42. 11 yuan,respectively higher than that of the control group. In conclusion,the addition of compound plant extract in the basal diet of Sujiang pigs during fattening period can improve the economic benefit,and the economic benefit is best when the addition amount is 200 mg/kg.
文摘The electrical conductivity and Hall effect for T1GaSeS crystals have been investigated over a wide temperature range. The crystals we used are grown by a modified Bridgman technique and possess p-type conductivity. The energy gap has been found to be 1.63 eV, whereas the ionization energy is 0.25 eV. The variations of the Hall mobility as well as the carrier concentration with temperature have been investigated. The scattering mechanisms of the carder are checked over the whole investigated temperature range. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient, relaxation time, and diffusion length of holes are estimated.
基金Supported by the NNSFC (No.61275177)the NSF of Fujian Province (No.2012I0011)
文摘The phase diagram, growth and optical property of LaBWO6 crystal are reported. LaBWO6 crystal melts congruently at 1078 ℃. Based on the pseudo-ternary phase diagram of LaBWO6-(Li2WO4/LiF) -B203, the LaBWO6 crystals have been firstly grown by the flux method. LaBWO6 crystal crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group P222 with a = 4.1, b = 10.31 and c = 21.71 A. LaBWO6 Crystal exhibits high transparency in a range from 327 to 1100 nm. The absorption edge of the crystal in the UV range is at 293 nm. The SHG efficient of LaBWO6 crystal is 0.3 times as large as that of the KDP crystal.
文摘Organic nonlinear optical material of 4-bromo-4’-methyl benzylidene aniline (BMBA) was synthesized and single crystal of BMBA was grown by solvent evaporation method at room temperature using ethanol as solvent. The crystalline nature of the grown crystals was confirmed using powder X-ray diffraction studies. The crystals were also characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction method and their lattice parameters were determined. Thermal properties of BMBA were evaluated with thermogravimetric, differential thermal and differential scanning calorimetric analyses. Fourier transform infrared and FT-Raman spectral studies were carried out on the BMBA material to confirm the synthesized compound. 1H and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectral studies were recorded to elucidate the structure of the grown crystals. Fluorescence spectrum recorded shows a peak at 485 nm. UV-Vis-NIR spectral analysis shows transmittance of ~92% in the visible region. The mechanical stability was analyzed by Vickers microhardness tester and the work hardening coefficient of the grown crystal was calculated. Second harmonic generation efficiency of the grown crystal measured by Kurtz powder technique is ~1.8 times that of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate.
基金Supported by grants from Graduate Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province (No. CX10B_266Z)
文摘The metal-organic compound [Cu(MOPIP)2(OH)2] 1(MOPIP = 2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline) was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis,Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,single-crystal X-ray diffraction and theoretical calculations in Gaussian 03.In the crystal structure,the copper(Cu) atoms are tetra-coordinated with four different nitrogen atoms from two different MOPIP ligands,and the Cu atom is one of the five vertexes of the tetrahedron.Presumably due to the steric bulk of the phenyl ligands,compound 1 adopts a slightly distorted tetrahedral configuration.Moreover,it exhibits a zero-dimensional structure with Cu-MOPIP as the building units.Natural Bond Orbital(NBO) analysis was performed by using the NBO method built in Gaussian 03 Program.The calculation results showed a covalent interaction between the coordinated atoms and Cu(Ⅱ) ion.
基金Funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFB0402405,2016YFF0101301)the Special Fund of National Key Scientific Instruments and Equipments Development(2011YQ040082)+4 种基金the National 973 Project of China(2011CB610400)the 111 Project of China(B08040)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC-61274081,51372205,and 51502244)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102015BJ(II)ZS014,G2016KY0104,3102016ZY011)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NWPU),China
文摘To reveal the complicated mechanism of the multicomponent mass transfer during the growth of ternary compound semiconductors, a numerical model based on Maxwell-Stefan equations was developed to simulate the Bridgman growth of CdZnTe crystal. The Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficients in the melt were estimated. Distributions of Zn, Cd, and Te were calculated with variable ampoule traveling rate and diffusion coefficients. The experimental results show that Zn in melt near the growth interface decreases and diffuses from the bulk melt to the growth interface. For Cd, the situation is just the opposite. The coupling effects of Zn and Cd diffusions result in an uphill diffusion of Te at the beginning of the growth. Throughout the growth, the concentration of Te in the melt keeps low near the growth interface but high far from the growth interface. Increasing the ampoule traveling rate will aggravate the segregation of Zn and Cd, and hence deteriorate the uniformity of Te. We also find that not only the diffusion coefficients but also the ratios between them have significant influence on the species diffusions.
文摘An organic material, namely, ethyl p-dimethylamino benzoate was crystallized for the first time by solution growth technique using pure and mixed solvents. Growth kinetics and morphology changes with solvents were investigated based on solute –solvent interactions of pure and mixed solvents. An appropriate mixed solvent for high quality crystals with well-defined morphology is reported. The absence of solvent molecules and the presence of various functional groups of the grown sample were qualitatively confirmed by FTIR spectroscopic studies. Thermal properties of the grown sample were analyzed by TG and DTA analysis. Mechanical properties of the EDMAB crystal were investigated by micro hardness studies. Moreover, the grown crystal shows high transparency in the visible and near IR regions. The material shows relatively high SHG efficiency than that of KDP.
文摘The reaction between high purity nickel (99.999%) and high purity tin (99.999%) was investigated in the temperature range of 232℃ - 330℃, at short periods of annealing (1 - 60 s). The reaction kinetic was studied using cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The intermetallic compound (IMC) growth was analyzed using the empirical power law and a time dependence in the range of 0.26 to 0.33 was found. The morphology of the IMC was investigated by SEM in the temperature range of 235℃ - 290℃, at annealing periods of 10 s, 30 s, and 60 s by selectively etching away the remaining elementary tin. The exposed IMC displays a change in morphology with increasing annealing temperature, demonstrating that the growth velocity of certain crystallographic orientations of the IMC is strongly influenced by the annealing temperature. Additionally, coarsening and crumbling of the IMC grains is observed, and will be discussed with respect to the responsible mechanisms.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61474110,61377020,61376089,61223005,and 61176126)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(Grant No.60925017)
文摘Thin heavily Mg-doped InGaN and GaN compound contact layer is used to form Ni/Au Ohmic contact to p-GaN. The growth conditions of the compound contact layer and its effect on the performance of Ni/Au Ohmic contact to p-GaN are investigated. It is confirmed that the specific contact resistivity can be lowered nearly two orders by optimizing the growth conditions of compound contact layer. When the flow rate ratio between Mg and Ga gas sources of p++-InGaN layer is 10.6% and the thickness of p++-InGaN layer is 3 nm, the lowest specific contact resistivity of 3.98× 10-5 Ω cm2 is achieved. In addition, the experimental results indicate that the specific contact resistivity can be further lowered to 1.07 × 10-7Ω.cm2 by optimizing the alloying annealing temperature to 520 ℃.
文摘The majority of bacterial infections involve the formation of biofilms. Biofilm formation is nutrient and growth dependent. Determination of the effects of nutrients on exopolysaccharide production and bacterial growth is labor and time intensive. We tested whether the Bioscreen C (Growth Curves, Inc.) would have utility as a high-throughput tool in the measurement of fundamental phenotype expression, as it relates to growth conditions. Within 48 - 72 hr, reproduceble, statistically significant data on the affects of growth conditions on generation time, capsule production and biofilm formation (maximally for 25 different conditions per 24 hr run cycle;n = 4) were obtained. Although all S. aureus strains produced similar amounts of capsule, sarA– and agr– strains grew significantly slower than parent strain (1.6 fold slower) and produced significantly (p 0.05) less biofilm (~2 fold). E. coli growth rate, biofilm and capsule production in simulated nephropathic urine medium was similar for urine with insulin (20 μU). Addition of insulin to urine medium with proline increased generation time, capsule and biofilm production. Findings from this study show that the Bioscreen C is a rapid, reproducible, and easily manipulated system to concurrently measure bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and capsule production. In addition, there is the potential for further applications of this system by expanding the types of detector dyes used.
文摘In this investigation, the influence of a thin gold (Au) layer on the growth behavior of the intermetallic compound (IMC) in a Nickel-Tin-Solder (NiSn-Solder) was studied. The reaction kinetics was studied in the temperature range of 232℃ to 330℃ using cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The kinetics of the reaction was determined using the empirical power law and the research showed that the introduction of an Au layer changes the reaction kinetics of the solder significantly. Furthermore, the change in reaction kinetics was accompanied by a change in morphology of the developing grains. The grain morphology of the IMC was studied for samples annealed at 290℃using cross-sectional and top-view samples and compared to Au free NiSn-Solder.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (50502028, 50336040)The Outstanding Youth Foundation of North-western Polytechnical University
文摘With diethylamine as a solvent, ZnSe films were formed on the Si substrate directly from zinc and selenium through the modified solvothermal method. The effects of holding temperature, deposition time and substrate surface treatment on the quality and morphologies of the ZnSe films were investigated. The growth mechanism of ZnSe films was proved to be a layer-nucleation growth process, which was tied in with the Stranski-Krastanov (SK) model. ZnSe films were identified by the X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) and the photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The results indicate that the modified solvothermal method with diethylamine as a solvent is suitable to prepare high quality ZnSe films.