Evaluation of the Effect of High-efficiency Compound Formulations on the Prevention and Control of Sugarcane Brown Stripe

[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen high-efficiency compound formulations and precise application technologies for the prevention and control of sugarcane brown stripe disease.[Methods]Carbendazim,benomyl,chlorothalonil,azoxystrobin,pyraclostrobine and difenoconazole·azoxystrobin were selected for field efficacy tests.[Results]Three formulations,(50%carbendazim WP 1500 g+75%chlorothalonil WP 1500 g+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2400 g+agricultural synergist 300 ml)/hm^(2),(50%benomyl WP 1500 g+75%chlorothalonil WP 1500 g+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2400 g+agricultural synergist 300 ml)/hm^(2) and(25%pyraclostrobin 600 ml+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2400 g+agricultural synergist 300 ml)/hm^(2) had good control effects on sugarcane brown stripe disease,and showed disease index below 14.02 and control efficacy above 84.41%.The three formulations are ideal high-efficiency compound formulations for the prevention and control of sugarcane brown stripe disease.They can be sprayed manually and by unmanned aerial vehicles on the foliar surface from July to August,once every 7 to 10 d,continuously for 2 times.[Conclusions]This study provides new technical support for accurate and efficient prevention and control of sugarcane brown stripe disease.

Evaluation of the Effects of High-efficiency Compound Formulations on the Prevention and Control of Sugarcane Brown Rust

[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen high-efficiency compound formulations and precise application technologies for the prevention and control of sugarcane brown rust. [Methods] Zineb, dinconazole, mancozeb, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, difenoconazole·azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil and carbendazim were selected for field efficacy tests. [Results] Four formulations,(65% zineb WP 1 500 g+75% chlorothalonil WP 1 500 g+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 400 g+agricultural synergist 300 ml)/hm^(2),(12.5% dinconazole WP 1 500 g +75% chlorothalonil WP 1 500 g+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 400 g+agricultural synergist 300 ml)/hm^(2),(80% mancozeb WP 1 500 g+75% chlorothalonil WP 1 500 g+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 400 g+agricultural synergist 300 ml)/hm^(2) and(30% difenoconazole·azoxystrobin SC 900 ml+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 400 g+agricultural synergist 300 ml) had good control efficacy on sugarcane brown rust, and showed disease indexes all below 18.79 and control efficacy over 80.53%. The four formulations are ideal high-efficiency compound formulations for the prevention and control of sugarcane brown rust. They can be sprayed manually and by unmanned aerial vehicles on the foliar surface from July to August, once every 7 to 10 d, continuously for 2 times. [Conclusions] This study provides new technical support for accurate and efficient prevention and control of sugarcane rust.

Quality of compounded topical 2% diltiazem hydrochloride formulations for anal fissure

AIM:To investigate the quality of topical 2%diltiazem formulations extemporaneously compounded by retail pharmacies openly offering drug-compounding services.METHODS:A participating healthcare professional wrote 12 prescriptions for compounded 2%diltiazem cream,with 2 refills allowed per prescription.The 12sets of prescriptions were filled,at intervals of 1-2 wk between refills,at 12 different independent retail pharmacies that openly offer drug-compounding services in a major metropolitan region.The 36 resultant preparations,provided as jars or tubes,were shipped,as soon as each was filled,at ambient temperature to the study core laboratory for high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)analysis,within 10 d of receipt.For the HPLC analysis,8 different samples of the topical diltiazem,each approximately 1 g in weight,were taken from prespecified locations within each container.To initiate the HPLC analysis,each sample was transferredto a 100 mL volumetric flask,to which methanol was added.The HPLC analysis was conducted in accordance with the laboratory-validated method for diltiazem in cream,ointment,and gel formulations.The main outcome measures were potency(percentage of label claim)and content uniformity of the compounded topical 2%diltiazem formulations.RESULTS:Of the 36 prescriptions filled,30 were packaged in jars and 6 were packaged as tubes.The prescriptions were specifically for cream formulations,but6 of the 12 pharmacies compounded 2%diltiazem as an ointment;for another pharmacy,which had inadequate labeling,the dosage form was unknown.The United States Pharmacopoeia(USP)standard for potency is 90%-115%of label claim.Of the 36 preparations,5(13.89%)were suprapotent and 13(36.11%)were subpotent.The suprapotent prescriptions ranged in potency from 117.2%to 128.5%of label claim,and the subpotent prescriptions ranged in potency from34.8%to 89.8%of label claim.Fourteen(38.9%)preparations lacked content uniformity according to the USP standard of 90%-110%potency and<6%relative standard deviation.Of the 30 formulations packaged in jars,12(40%)lacked content uniformity,while of the6 formulations packaged in tubes,2(33.3%)lacked content uniformity.Nine of the 12 pharmacies(75%)failed USP potency or content-uniformity specifications for at least 1 of the 3 prescription fills.For 5 of the 12pharmacies(41.7%),the mean potency across all three prescription fills was<90%of label claim.CONCLUSION:Patients prescribed topical 2%diltiazem for treatment of anal fissure frequently receive compounded formulations that are misbranded with respect to potency and that lack content uniformity.

Quantitative Analysis of Anti-hypertensive Compound Formulations by Capillary Zone Electropboresis

Two capillary electrophoresis methods were developed for the determination of the active constituents in four anti-hrpertensive formulations.These active constituents are nitrendipine and atenolol in Tabellae Nile, and hydrochlorothiazide, amiloride hydrochloride, captopril, and enalapril maleate in three other tablet formulations,respectively. The internal standard method was employed for quantitation with RSD between 1 .2~4.3%, recoveries ranging from 93. 1 ~ 101 .0%.

LC–UV/MS quality analytics of paediatricartemether formulations

A highly selective and stability-indicating HPLC-method, combined with appropriate sample preparation steps, is developed for β-artemether assay and profiling of related impurities, including possible degradants, in a complex powder for oral suspension. Following HPLC conditions allowed the required selectivity： a Prevail organic acid （OA） column （250 mm＆#215;4.6 mm, 5μm）, flow rate set at 1.5 mL/min combined with a linear gradient （where A ？ 25 mM phosphate buffer （pH 2.5）, and B ？ acetonitrile） from 30% to 75% B in a runtime of 60 min. Quantitative UV-detection was performed at 210 nm. Acetonitrile was applied as extraction solvent for sample preparation. Using acetonitrile-water mixtures as extraction solvent, a compartmental behaviour by a non-solving excipient-bound fraction and an artemether-solubilising free fraction of solvent was demonstrated, making a mobile phase based extraction not a good choice. Method validation showed that the developed HPLC-method is considered to be suitable for its intended regulatory stability-quality characterisation of β-artemether paediatric formulations. Furthermore, LC-MS on references as well as on stability samples was performed allowing identity confirmation of the β-artemether related impurities. MS-fragmentation scheme of β-artemether and its related substances is proposed, explaining the m/z values of the in-source fragments obtained.

三元乙丙橡胶混炼胶的组分及配方分析

对三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)混炼胶的各组分进行分离并对配方进行分析。以正庚烷溶解EPDM混炼胶,将其有机组分与无机组分分离;有机组分在甲醇中沉淀后经二氯甲烷抽提,将EPDM与石蜡油分离;以盐酸溶解无机组分,将碳酸盐和氧化锌与白炭黑分离;采用核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振扩散序谱、傅里叶红外光谱、X-射线衍射谱和X-射线光电子能谱,对各组分进行定性和定量分析,建立一套EPDM混炼胶组分的分析方法,有助于EPDM混炼胶的生产过程质量监控和配方改进。

复方甘芪止咳颗粒的处方优化和质量评价研究

目的:优化复方甘芪止咳颗粒的处方组成,并建立该制剂质量评价方法。方法:采用HPLC法测定甘草酸铵、甘草苷和黄芪甲苷含量;采用正交实验L_(9)(3^(4))对复方甘芪止咳颗粒处方组成进行优化;参照《中国药典》收载的颗粒剂质量评价项目对其质量进行评价。结果:复方甘芪止咳颗粒的最佳处方组成为1.0%羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)为粘合剂、淀粉:糊精(1∶1,w/w)为填充剂、1.2%干淀粉为崩解剂;薄层色谱可有效监测颗粒中黄芪甲苷和甘草苷;颗粒中黄芪甲苷和甘草苷、甘草酸铵含量约为29.21μg·g^(-1)、2.45 mg·g^(-1)和10.72 mg·g^(-1)。结论:优化的复方甘芪颗粒处方具备优良的成型性和溶散性;质量评价方法可有效控制该颗粒剂的质量。

茶多酚、鱼骨粉复合制剂对福瑞鲤生长性能、消化及抗氧化能力的影响

研究以福瑞鲤(Cyprinus carpio FFRC)幼鱼为研究对象,研究茶多酚、鱼骨粉制成的复合制剂(商品名“血停”)对福瑞鲤生长、体成分、抗氧化性能以及消化器官组织结构的影响。研究选取180尾健康、大小[(1.92±0.01)g]均匀的福瑞鲤,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组3个重复,对照组投喂商品饲料,试验组在商品饲料的基础上添加0.8%的复合制剂,在循环水系统下养殖8周。结果表明,添加复合制剂对福瑞鲤的生长、形体指标、体成分以及血清生化指标均无影响(P>0.05),但能显著提高福瑞鲤肠道脂肪酶活性以及肝脏和血清的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P<0.05),对肝脏和血清的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量无影响(P>0.05);试验组福瑞鲤的肠道肌层厚度、绒毛高度显著低于对照组,绒毛宽度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);对福瑞鲤肝脏形态结构均无显著差异(P>0.05)。上述结果表明,该复合制剂对福瑞鲤的生长性能没有负面影响,可提高福瑞鲤的消化、抗氧化能力,可作为一种潜在的饲料添加剂。

适用于混凝土的新型复合泵送剂研究及应用

“碳达峰、碳中和”环保降碳政策对混凝土泵送剂提出了更高的性能要求,研究新型复合泵送剂对提高混凝土质量具有重要意义。选用聚羧酸作为减水剂,研究了不同缓凝剂、引气剂、增稠剂组分对混凝土泵送剂各项性能的影响,得到了新型复合泵送剂的最佳组分配比。结果表明:H7组、H5组缓凝剂组分具有良好的塑化效果和保坍作用,且泌水率均低于80%,优选缓凝剂组分1.5%葡萄糖酸钠+1.5%酒石酸钾钠+1.5%柠檬酸钠。引气剂塑化效果及含气量提升效果由高到低为SDBS、AEO、AES,但SDBS稳泡性较差,优选0.2%AEO。3种增稠组分均可促使混凝土泌水率降低为0,但CMC的保坍作用最差,PAM、PAA在最优掺量下保坍作用基本一致。考虑PAM对混凝土扩展时间的影响较大,增稠剂组分优选0.25%PAM。

荸荠香菇复合酱的研制

荸荠中含有丰富的营养,口感清脆,将其加入到香菇酱中,可很好地改善香菇酱的品质。采用单因素试验和正交试验的方法,在预处理荸荠的过程中,优化荸荠的热烫温度和热烫时间,通过感官评定标准进行评分,得出其最佳的口感;在香菇复合酱的炒制过程中,对豆瓣酱用量、香菇用量、荸荠用量不断进行优化,并按照感官评定标准对其进行评分,得出荸荠香菇复合酱的最佳配方。结果表明,荸荠的热烫温度90℃,热烫时间20 min时制得的荸荠口感清脆,香气浓郁;豆瓣酱用量12.5 g,香菇用量30 g,荸荠用量25 g时,制成的复合酱味道适口、滋味协调、香气扑鼻。

复合调味料配方优化与食品安全性评价

本文深入探讨了复合调味料配方优化过程中应遵循的原则,包括平衡性原则、安全性原则和可持续性原则等;讨论了复合调味料配方的多种优化方法,包括成分配比的精细调整、现代仪器设备的应用以及统计模型的优化等;系统地分析了复合调味料的安全性评价方法,涵盖了毒理学评估、微生物测试、重金属及污染物检测、稳定性测试等方面,并提出了建立综合的安全评估框架、提升实验室测试能力、建立风险管理和追踪系统以及持续加强监督与审查等建议,以确保复合调味料的优化不仅可以满足市场需求,还能保证消费者的健康安全。

Co-Treatment of EFF and 1-MCP for Enhancing the Shelf-Life and Aroma Volatile Compounds of Oriental Sweet Melons(Cucumis melo var.makuwa Makino)

Compared to other melon types, oriental sweet melon （Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino） is quite a different species with a shorter shelf-life due to its typical climacteric behavior and thin pericarp. The purpose of this experiment is to explore the effects of co- treatment of enhanced freshness formulation （EFF） and 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP） on physiological changes and the content of aroma volatile compounds introduced by them of two oriental sweet melon cultivars （Yumeiren and Tianbao） during storage. The melons were stored in incubators with temperature of 15~C and a relative humidity of 85% for 24 d during which fruit quality and related physiological index were measured. Compared to the control, both treatments delayed fruit weight loss rate and kept the fruit firmness, water content and soluble solids content. Ascorbate peroxidase （APX） and phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL） activities showed fluctuations in treated melons, while lipoxygenase （LOX） activity （P〈0.01） and malondialdehyde （MDA） content （P〈0.05） decreased compared to control. During the early stage of storage, alcohols and aldehydes were the main volatile compounds, and esters gradually increased during storage. Of all the esters, acetic esters were the main components, followed by oxalic acid esters and other esters. The total content of aroma volatile compounds, esters, alcohols and aldehydes of co-treated melons were all higher than those of 1-MCP treated and control melons. In addition, the aroma volatile peak of co-treated melons occurred later than that of 1-MCP treated and control melons. In summary, co-treatment of EFF and 1-MCP was more beneficial than 1-MCP treatment to delay ripening and senescence, maintain fruit quality, enhance shelf-life and improve levels of aroma volatile compounds.

人参稀有皂苷Compound K混合胶束的处方优化及体外评价

目的:优化人参稀有皂苷Compound K(CK)混合胶束的处方,考察其体外释放度和表观渗透系数(Papp)。方法:以大豆磷脂和维生素E聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(TPGS)为辅料,采用溶剂挥发法制备CK混合胶束。以载药量、包封率、粒径为指标,采用正交试验优化投药量、大豆磷脂-TPGS比例、水化体积。考察最优处方所制胶束的形态、粒径、载药量、包封率、溶解度、体外释放度和在结肠腺癌Caco-2细胞模型中的Papp。结果:CK混合胶束的最优处方投药量为1.0 mg,大豆磷脂-TPGS比例为1∶1,水化体积为10 ml。所制混合胶束呈球形或类球形,平均粒径为(110±2.69)nm,载药量为(4.32±0.19)%,包封率为(92.23±2.76)%,溶解度为(469.21±0.024)μg/ml,150 h时累积释放度为(66.19±0.027)%(n=3)。CK原料药和CK混合胶束的Papp分别为26.20、3.78(n=6)。结论:优化的制备工艺可行,成功制得CK混合胶束。

自拟中药复方对文昌鸡生长性能、免疫功能及抗氧化指标的影响

探讨以清热燥湿、凉血解毒功效为主的自拟中药复方对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能及抗氧化指标的影响。试验选用300只体质量相近的1日龄文昌鸡,随机分为5个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只。空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,基础日粮中按0.5 g/kg添加山花黄芩提取物散作为阳性对照组,基础日粮中分别按1.0 g/kg、3.0 g/kg、5.0 g/kg添加中药复方作为中药复方组,试验周期56 d。结果表明,与空白对照组相比,饲料中添加1.0 g/kg、3.0 g/kg中药复方可显著提高28日龄文昌鸡的平均体质量和平均日增重(P<0.05);添加5.0 g/kg中药复方能极显著提高28日龄文昌鸡的平均体质量和平均日增重(P<0.01);在56日龄时,饲料中添加1.0 g/kg中药复方可显著提高文昌鸡的胸腺指数和法氏囊指数(P<0.05);添加3.0 g/kg中药复方可显著提高文昌鸡的脾脏指数(P<0.05);饲喂不同浓度中药复方可不同程度提高28日龄文昌鸡血清中T-AOC活性(P<0.05),降低28日龄文昌鸡血清中MDA含量(P<0.05),添加5.0 g/kg中药复方能极显著提高28日龄和56日龄文昌鸡血清中T-AOC活性(P<0.01);添加1.0 g/kg、3.0 g/kg中药复方能显著提高28日龄文昌鸡血清IgG水平(P<0.05),添加5.0 g/kg中药复方能极显著提高28日龄文昌鸡血清IgG水平(P<0.01),并显著提高28日龄文昌鸡血清中IgM水平(P<0.05)。试验说明,在日粮中添加该中药复方能提高肉鸡的生长性能、免疫功能及抗氧化指标,有助于缓解南方湿热天气带来的应激损伤。

农药制剂加工企业VOCs排放特征及臭氧生成潜势

为掌握农药制剂加工行业挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染特征及其环境影响,选取典型农药制剂加工企业为研究对象,研究了农药制剂加工企业的VOCs排放特征,并使用最大增量反应活性(MIR)法计算了不同生产环节排放VOCs对臭氧生成的贡献。结果表明,不同生产环节排放废气中VOCs的组分存在一定的差异,含氧VOCs(13.4%~97.7%)、芳香烃(0.2%~73.0%)和卤代烃(0.1%~51.7%)为农药制剂加工企业的主要VOCs组分,甲醇、1,2-二氯乙烷、二氯甲烷、二甲苯和乙醇为主要VOCs物种;农药制剂加工企业VOCs中对臭氧生成潜势贡献率较大的关键活性组分为含氧VOCs(6.7%~94.4%)和芳香烃(1.3%~91.7%),间/对-二甲苯、邻-二甲苯、甲苯、乙苯和甲醇等是农药制剂加工企业的关键活性物种。为满足对农药制剂加工企业VOCs的减排要求,需要大力推广环保农药剂型,优化废气收集系统,提升废气处理工艺,加强对甲醇等溶剂的回收处理。

复方祖师麻凝胶贴提取工艺及基质处方优化研究

目的 优化复方祖师麻凝胶贴提取工艺、基质处方。方法 以乙醇体积分数、乙醇用量、提取时间为影响因素,瑞香素含量、浸膏得率的综合评分为评价指标,Box-Behnken响应面法优化提取工艺;以丙三醇、聚丙烯酸钠NP-700、酒石酸、甘氨酸铝用量为影响因素,综合感官评分、初黏力的总分为评价指标,正交试验优化基质处方。再制备离体小鼠皮肤,筛选促渗剂(氮酮)用量。结果 最佳提取工艺为乙醇体积分数65%,乙醇用量8倍,提取时间2 h,综合评分为7.851。最佳基质处方为丙三醇用量17.5 g,聚丙烯酸钠NP-700用量1.5 g,甘氨酸铝用量0.10 g,酒石酸用量0.05 g,总分为93分。最佳氮酮用量为5%。结论 该方法提取效率高,工艺稳定可靠,所得复方祖师麻凝胶贴质量较好。

云南澜沧甘蔗灾害性害虫防控及效果评价

为筛选防控甘蔗大螟和草地贪夜蛾的复合高效广谱配方药剂及高效施药技术,选用35%氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂、30%甲维盐·杀虫单微乳剂不同配方组合,采用无人机飞防开展3561 hm^(2)防控示范。结果表明:(35%氯虫苯甲酰胺WG 90 g+30%甲维盐·杀虫单ME 2250 mL+农用助剂150 mL)/hm^(2)对中后期大螟具有良好的防控效果,其螟害株和螟害节防效分别为86.58%和90.22%,防控区甘蔗产量和糖分较未防控区平均增加21452 kg/hm^(2)和3.3个百分点;(35%氯虫苯甲酰胺WG 60 g+30%甲维盐·杀虫单ME 3300 mL+农用助剂150 mL)/hm^(2)对苗期大螟和草地贪夜蛾防控效果显著,防效分别为89.53%和95.7%。本研究显示,所用2个配方药剂是防控甘蔗大螟和草地贪夜蛾理想的复合高效广谱配方药剂,可在苗期或中后期大螟及草地贪夜蛾高发期,采用无人机飞防进行叶面一次性喷施。

复方乳酸乳膏的处方优化及质量考察

采用L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验设计优化复方乳酸乳膏处方中辅料胆固醇、单硬脂酸甘油酯、硬脂酸聚烃氧(40)酯、白凡士林的用量,筛选出最佳处方,并对乳膏样品的性状、微生物限度、pH及含量等进行质量考察。结果表明:通过正交设计直观分析和方差分析法得出的最佳处方为胆固醇的质量分数为2%、单硬酸甘油酯的质量分数为8%、硬脂酸聚烃氧(40)酯的质量分数为5%、白凡士林的质量分数为30%。制备的乳膏性状、微生物限度、pH及含量均符合标准要求,制剂稳定性试验乳膏未见分层,含量没有明显改变。

红心火龙果红茶复合饮料配方优化

以普洱产区的红心火龙果和红茶为主原料,以感官评分为指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验优化复合饮料的配方。结果表明,红心火龙果汁与红茶汁配比为1∶3(体积比)、蔗糖添加量为10%、柠檬酸添加量为0.10%,加入0.10%羧甲基纤维素钠-山梨酸钾复合悬浮稳定剂时,复合饮料感官评分为(88±0.8)分,是一款富含果茶风味的健康新型茶饮。

酸枣仁复合制剂的制备及其改善睡眠效果研究

研究酸枣仁、天麻、灵芝、五味子及γ-氨基丁酸复合制剂的最佳制备处方并明确其改善睡眠的作用。本研究以片剂外观、脆碎度、崩解时限为评价指标,通过正交试验筛选确定酸枣仁复合制剂的最佳制备处方。将酸枣仁复合制剂按照低、中、高(0.5 g·kg^(-1)bw、1.0 g·kg^(-1)bw、1.5 g·kg^(-1)bw)3个剂量每天给予小鼠灌胃,阴性对照组为蒸馏水,连续给药4周后,通过小鼠行为学评价其对睡眠的影响。结果表明,酸枣仁复合制剂最佳制备处方为微晶纤维素、二氧化硅、交联聚维酮、硬脂酸镁质量比为10∶6∶7∶0.5。动物实验结果显示,与空白对照组相比,3个剂量组对小鼠体重和直接睡眠实验无影响,同时对戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量诱导的小鼠睡眠率影响不明显;小鼠戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间均显著延长;干预后低、中、高剂量小鼠睡眠潜伏期均能极显著缩短(P<0.001)。酸枣仁复合制剂片剂符合2020年版《中国药典》要求,且具有改善睡眠的功效,为睡眠类产品的开发提供了一定的理论基础。