Compound 3k治疗骨关节炎:调控氧化应激通路改善软骨细胞糖酵解的作用机制

背景:骨关节炎现已被认为是一种代谢性疾病,既往研究表明糖酵解在骨关节炎的发生发展中起重要作用。Compound 3k作为一种新型糖酵解小分子抑制剂,具有抗炎及抗肿瘤等功效,因此可靶向糖酵解,有望为骨关节炎治疗提供新的思路。目的:基于缺氧诱导因子1α/活性氧的氧化应激通路探究Compound 3k在糖酵解过度活跃所导致的骨关节炎中的作用机制。方法:取对数生长期的ATDC5成软骨细胞,用10 ng/mL白细胞介素1β作用24 h诱导骨关节炎体外细胞模型,以CCK-8法检测不同浓度(0.25,0.5,1,2.5,5,10,15μmol/L)Compound 3k的细胞毒性,选出合适浓度进行后续实验。将软骨细胞随机分为对照组、模型组、治疗组,模型组以10 ng/mL的白细胞介素1β诱导,治疗组以Compound 3k预刺激2 h后与白细胞介素1β共培养,用CCK-8法检测各组细胞增殖情况;用ELISA试剂盒检测各组细胞炎症水平;用试剂盒检测各组细胞活性氧、细胞外乳酸脱氢酶及葡萄糖含量;qRT-PCR及Western blot检测相关炎症因子白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α及糖酵解相关基因葡萄糖转运蛋白1、甘油醛3-磷酸脱氢酶、单羧酸转运蛋白1和缺氧诱导因子1α的表达水平。结果与结论:①与对照组相比,模型组细胞增殖活性下降、糖酵解水平活跃,表现为细胞外乳酸脱氢酶含量增加(P<0.001),葡萄糖含量减少(P<0.001),相关炎症因子白细胞介素6(P<0.0001)及肿瘤坏死因子α(P<0.001),糖酵解相关基因葡萄糖转运蛋白1(P<0.001)、甘油醛3-磷酸脱氢酶(P<0.001)、单羧酸转运蛋白1(P<0.001)及缺氧诱导因子1α(P<0.001)的表达水平均上调,并伴随氧化应激,活性氧过量产生。②与模型组相比,Compound 3k的治疗有效提高细胞增殖活性,抑制过度活跃的糖酵解水平的同时,抑制了骨关节炎软骨细胞炎症(P<0.001)及糖酵解相关基因的表达(P<0.001),且抑制氧化应激,缺氧诱导因子1α的表达水平下调(P<0.0001),活性氧水平下降。③上述结果证实,Compound 3k抑制了白细胞介素1β诱导的软骨细胞炎症,其机制可能与糖酵解及缺氧诱导因子1α/活性氧介导的氧化应激有关。

调控五配位Al^(3+)含量制备高性能低温Sabatier反应催化剂

为了制备出高性能低温Sabatier反应Ru基催化剂,通过调控Al_(2)O_(3)载体中五配位Al^(3+)的含量(五配位Al^(3+)占Al物种的比例),实现对Ru基活性位点电子性质的调控。在此过程中,利用~(27)Al固体核磁共振(~(27)Al-NMR)检测Al_(2)O_(3)载体中五配位Al^(3+)的含量,借助X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和H_2程序升温还原(H_(2)-TPR)考察Ru基活性位点电子性质的调控效果,利用固定床反应器测试催化剂性能。结果表明,Al_(2)O_(3)载体中的五配位Al^(3+)可有效调控Ru基活性位点的电子性质,进而提升低温Sabatier反应Ru基催化剂性能。其中,以五配位Al^(3+)含量约为28.1%的Al_(2)O_(3)载体制备的Ru基催化剂,在低温区(<300℃)的CO_(2)转化率和CH_4选择性均可达90%以上。而且,在100 h的稳定性测试中,催化性能没有明显降低。

Comparative evaluation of commercial Douchi by different molds:biogenic amines,non-volatile and volatile compounds

To provide new insights into the development and utilization of Douchi artificial starters,three common strains(Aspergillus oryzae,Mucor racemosus,and Rhizopus oligosporus)were used to study their influence on the fermentation of Douchi.The results showed that the biogenic amine contents of the three types of Douchi were all within the safe range and far lower than those of traditional fermented Douchi.Aspergillus-type Douchi produced more free amino acids than the other two types of Douchi,and its umami taste was more prominent in sensory evaluation(P<0.01),while Mucor-type and Rhizopus-type Douchi produced more esters and pyrazines,making the aroma,sauce,and Douchi flavor more abundant.According to the Pearson and PLS analyses results,sweetness was significantly negatively correlated with phenylalanine,cysteine,and acetic acid(P<0.05),bitterness was significantly negatively correlated with malic acid(P<0.05),the sour taste was significantly positively correlated with citric acid and most free amino acids(P<0.05),while astringency was significantly negatively correlated with glucose(P<0.001).Thirteen volatile compounds such as furfuryl alcohol,phenethyl alcohol,and benzaldehyde caused the flavor difference of three types of Douchi.This study provides theoretical basis for the selection of starting strains for commercial Douchi production.

Effect of different drying methods on the amino acids,α-dicarbonyls and volatile compounds of rape bee pollen

The significant demand for high quality food has motivated us to adopt appropriate processing methods to improve the food nutritional quality and flavors.In this study,the effects of five drying methods,namely,pulsed vacuum drying(PVD),freeze drying(FD),infrared drying(IRD),hot-air drying(HAD)and sun drying(SD)on free amino acids(FAAs),α-dicarbonyl compounds(α-DCs)and volatile compounds(VOCs)in rape bee pollen(RBP)were determined.The results showed that FD significantly released the essential amino acids(EAAs)compared with fresh samples while SD caused the highest loss.Glucosone was the dominantα-DCs in RBP and the highest loss was observed after PVD.Aldehydes were the dominant volatiles of RBP and SD samples contained more new volatile substances(especially aldehydes)than the other four drying methods.Comprehensively,FD and PVD would be potential methods to effectively reduce the quality deterioration of RBP in the drying process.

接力识别Al^(3+)及F^(-)的偶氮类荧光探针合成与应用

以6-氨基间甲酚和1-萘酚为原料,合成了2-(2-羟基-4-甲基苯偶氮)-1-萘酚(探针NA-M),通过^(1)HNMR、^(13)CNMR、FTIR、HRMS表征了其结构。测试了探针NA-M对Al^(3+)的选择性识别性能及其与Al^(3+)形成的络合物(NA-M+Al^(3+))对F^(-)的选择性识别性能,推测了探针NA-M与Al^(3+)和F^(-)间的作用机制。考察了探针NA-M在实际样品中的应用。结果表明,在pH=7.4、V(甲醇)∶V(N-2-羟乙基哌嗪-N'-2-乙磺酸)=9∶1的溶剂中,探针NA-M与Al^(3+)在590 nm处发生显著的荧光增强作用,并对Al^(3+)的识别表现出高选择性、抗金属离子干扰性和良好的灵敏度(检测限为8.4×10^(-7)mol/L),Al^(3+)与探针NA-M形成了配位比为1∶2的NA-M+Al^(3+);NA-M+Al^(3+)在F^(-)加入后发生显著的荧光猝灭现象,F^(-)可以捕获NA-M+Al^(3+)中的Al^(3+),从而引起荧光变化。NA-M+Al^(3+)对F^(-)的识别也显示出高选择性和良好的抗其他阴离子干扰能力和灵敏度(检测限为9.5×10^(-7)mol/L);在体系pH为5~10时,探针NA-M识别Al^(3+)及F^(-)表现出良好的效果,交替加入Al^(3+)和F^(-)可引起其荧光强度的可逆变化,探针NA-M可以通过荧光信号的“关-开-关”转变,用于接力识别Al^(3+)和F^(-)。在实际样品的检测中,Al^(3+)的回收率在98.8%~107.0%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.6%~4.3%;F^(-)的回收率为97.8%~101.4%,RSD为1.4%~2.3%。

Numerical modeling of fracture propagation of supercritical CO_(2)compound fracturing

The exploitation of shale gas is promising due to depletion of the conventional energy and intensification of the greenhouse effect.In this paper,we proposed a heat-fluid-solid coupling damage model of supercritical CO_(2)(SC-CO_(2))compound fracturing which is expected to be an efficient and environmentally friendly way to develop shale gas.The coupling model is solved by the finite element method,and the results are in good agreement with the analytical solutions and fracturing experiments.Based on this model,the fracture propagation characteristics at the two stages of compound fracturing are studied and the influence of pressurization rate,in situ stress,bedding angle,and other factors are considered.The results show that at the SC-CO_(2)fracturing stage,a lower pressurization rate is conducive to formation of the branches around main fractures,while a higher pressurization rate inhibits formation of the branches around main fractures and promotes formation of the main fractures.Both bedding and in situ stress play a dominant role in the fracture propagation.When the in situ stress ratio(δ_(x)/δ_(y))is 1,the presence of bedding can reduce the initiation pressure and failure pressure.Nevertheless,it will cause the fracture to propagate along the bedding direction,reducing the fracture complexity.In rocks without bedding,hydraulic fracturing has the lengthening and widening effects for SC-CO_(2)induced fracture.In shale,fractures induced at the hydraulic fracturing stage are more likely to be dominated by in situ stresses and have a shorter reorientation radius.Therefore,fracture branches propagating along the maximum principal stress direction may be generated around the main fractures induced by SC-CO_(2)at the hydraulic fracturing stage.When the branches converge with the main fractures,fracture zones are easily formed,and thus the fracture complexity and damage area can be significantly increased.The results are instructive for the design and application of SC-CO_(2)compound fracturing.

Role of methoxy and C_(α)-based substituents in electrochemical oxidation mechanisms and bond cleavage selectivity of β-O-4 lignin model compounds

In order to better understand the specific substituent effects on the electrochemical oxidation process of β-O-4 bond, a series of methoxyphenyl type β-O-4 dimer model compounds with different localized methoxyl groups, including 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1-phenylethanone, 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1-phenylethanol, 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone, 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol, 2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone, 2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol have been selected and their electrochemical properties have been studied experimentally by cyclic voltammetry, and FT-IR spectroelectrochemistry. Combining with electrolysis products distribution analysis and density functional theory calculations, oxidation mechanisms of all six model dimers have been explored. In particular, a total effect from substituents of both para-methoxy(on the aryl ring closing to Cα) and Cα-OH on the oxidation mechanisms has been clearly observed, showing a significant selectivity on the Cα-Cβbond cleavage induced by electrochemical oxidations.

Preparation of lactic acid bacteria compound starter cultures based on pasting properties and its improvement of glutinous rice flour and dough

The effects of 5 lactic acid bacteria(LAB)fermentation on the pasting properties of glutinous rice flour were compared,and suitable fermentation strains were selected based on the changes of viscosity,setback value,and breakdown value to prepare LAB compound starter cultures.The results revealed that Latilactobacillus sakei HSD004 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HSD005 had apparent advantages in increasing the viscosity and reducing the setback and breakdown values of glutinous rice flour.In particular,the compound starter created using the two abovementioned LAB in the ratio of 3:1 had better performance than that using a single LAB in improving the pasting properties and increasing the water and oil absorption capacity of glutinous rice flour.Moreover,the gelatinization enthalpy of the fermented samples increased significantly.For frozen glutinous rice dough stored for 28 days,the viscoelasticity of frozen dough prepared by compound starter was better than that of control dough,and the freezable water content was lower than that of control dough.These results indicate that compound LAB fermentation is a promising technology in the glutinous rice-based food processing industry,which has significance for its application.

Modern approaches for detection of volatile organic compounds in metabolic studies focusing on pathogenic bacteria:Current state of the art

Pathogenic microorganisms produce numerous metabolites,including volatile organic compounds(VOCs).Monitoring these metabolites in biological matrices(e.g.,urine,blood,or breath)can reveal the presence of specific microorganisms,enabling the early diagnosis of infections and the timely implementation of tar-geted therapy.However,complex matrices only contain trace levels of VOCs,and their constituent com-ponents can hinder determination of these compounds.Therefore,modern analytical techniques enabling the non-invasive identification and precise quantification of microbial VOCs are needed.In this paper,we discuss bacterial VOC analysis under in vitro conditions,in animal models and disease diagnosis in humans,including techniques for offline and online analysis in clinical settings.We also consider the advantages and limitations of novel microextraction techniques used to prepare biological samples for VOC analysis,in addition to reviewing current clinical studies on bacterial volatilomes that address inter-species in-teractions,the kinetics of VOC metabolism,and species-and drug-resistance specificity.

基于铝离子敏化牡丹提取物(丹皮酚)荧光法定量分析Al^(3+)的研究

饮用水是人体铝元素的主要摄入来源.微量铝离子可对人体健康造成很大危害.WHO(世界卫生组织)规定,饮用水中允许的最高铝离子浓度为200μg/L(7.41μmol/L).因此铝离子的高灵敏检测显得尤为重要.目前常用的铝离子检测方法存在操作麻烦,周期长等缺点,所以构建一种简便、快捷的铝离子检测方法尤为重要.丹皮酚是一种提取自牡丹皮的有机化合物,其与Al^(3+)结合后荧光会数倍增强.基于丹皮酚与铝离子结合产生荧光增强现象,建立了一种检测铝离子的荧光分析方法.此方法只需常温反应5 min,并且检测限为0.5μmol/L(线性范围:0~100μmol/L),构建的检测方法具有快速、低成本、简单、高特异性和高灵敏等优点,有很好的应用前景.

Al^(+)光钟态“幻零”波长的理论计算

本文使用组态相互作用加多体微扰理论方法对Al^(+)光钟态3s^(2)^(1)S_(0)和3s3p^(3)P_(0)的“幻零”波长进行了理论计算.3s^(2)^(1)S_(0)态的“幻零”波长为266.994(1)nm,3s3p^(3)P_(0)态的“幻零”波长为184.56(7)nm,174.4(1)nm,121.5(1)nm和119.7(2)nm.精确测量这些“幻零”波长,有助于高精度确定光钟态相关跃迁的振子强度或者约化矩阵元,进而降低Al^(+)光钟黑体辐射频移评估的不确定度.同时,对这些“幻零”波长的精密测量,对研究Al~+原子结构具有重要意义.

Assessment of electrostatic discharge sensitivity of nitrogen-rich heterocyclic energetic compounds and their salts as high energy-density dangerous compounds:A study of structural variables

Nitrogen-rich heterocyclic energetic compounds(NRHECs)and their salts have witnessed widespread synthesis in recent years.The substantial energy-density content within these compounds can lead to potentially dangerous explosive reactions when subjected to external stimuli such as electrical discharge.Therefore,developing a reliable model for predicting their electrostatic discharge sensitivity(ESD)becomes imperative.This study proposes a novel and straightforward model based on the presence of specific groups(-NH_(2) or-NH-,-N=N^(+)-O^(-)and-NNO_(2),-ONO_(2) or-NO_(2))under certain conditions to assess the ESD of NRHECs and their salts,employing interpretable structural parameters.Utilizing a comprehensive dataset comprising 54 ESD measurements of NRHECs and their salts,divided into 49/5 training/test sets,the model achieves promising results.The Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),Mean Absolute Error(MAE),and Maximum Error for the training set are reported as 0.16 J,0.12 J,and 0.5 J,respectively.Notably,the ratios RMSE(training)/RMSE(test),MAE(training)/MAE(test),and Max Error(training)/Max Error(test)are all greater than 1.0,indicating the robust predictive capabilities of the model.The presented model demonstrates its efficacy in providing a reliable assessment of ESD for the targeted NRHECs and their salts,without the need for intricate computer codes or expert involvement.

Organic Compounds Possessing the Plastic Crystalline Phase: Calculation of Their Fusion Enthalpies

For the first time, for different organic and inorganic compounds possessing the plastic crystalline phase, a new semiempirical equation describing dependence of their fusion enthalpies on such physico-chemical quantities as normal melting temperature, surface tension, molar volume and critical molar volume is received on the base of the principle of corresponding states and the energy equipartition theorem. Moreover, the proposed equation allows one to take into account the particularities of one-particle molecular rotation in the plastic crystalline phase.

Nutritional values,bioactive compounds and health benefits of purslane(Portulaca oleracea L.):a comprehensive review

Portulaca oleracea L.,commonly known as purslane,is a worldwide weed species belonging to the family Portulacaceae and has been known as“Global Panacea”.As one of the most widely consumed green vegetables and medicinal plants around the world,it has recently been re-evaluated as a potential“new crop”due to the properties that differentiate it as one of the best vegetable sources of omega-3 fatty acid(α-linolenic acid),as well as a variety of nutrients and phytochemicals.Accordingly,emerging research has found that purslane exhibits health-promoting properties like anti-inflammatory,anti-hyperglycemic,antioxidant,neuroprotective,and immunomodulatory.These findings suggest that this species possesses a potential using as a dietary supplement beyond potherb and traditional medicine.This review systematically summarizes the up-to-date research carried out on purslane,including the nutritional compositions,bioactive compounds,and health benefits it exerts as well as limitations,challenges,and future directions of research.Finally,we hope that this review would provide purslane with a comprehensive reference and future scope as functional and health-promoting food for disease prevention and treatment.

Bioactive compounds in Hericium erinaceus and their biological properties:a review

Hericium erinaceus is a nutritious edible and medicinal fungi,rich in a variety of functional active ingredients,with various physiological functions such as antioxidation,anticancer,and enhancing immunity.It is also effective in protecting the digestive system and preventing neurodegenerative diseases.In this review paper,we summarize the sources,structures and efficacies of the main active components in H.erinaceus fruiting body,mycelium,and culture media,and update the latest research progress on their biological activities and the related molecular mechanisms.Based on this information,we provide detailed challenges in current research,industrialization and information on the active ingredients of H.erinaceus.Perspectives for future studies and new applications of H.erinaceus are proposed.

Antidiabetic Properties of Bidens pilosa and Its Polyacetylenic Compounds for Management of Diabetes: Systematic Review

Bidens pilosa is a member of the Asteraceae family that is widely distributed across the tropics. It has been utilized by different communities both as food and medicinal herb. This plant and its polyacetylenic compounds hold potential as a natural antidiabetic intervention that can be used to combat this global public health problem. Bioactive compounds found in this plant constitute promising interventions for combating obesity which is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. These phytocompounds can work independently or synergistically to modulate appetite, lipase activity, adipogenesis and adipocyte apoptosis. However, the efficacy, mode of action and scope of management of diabetes by these compounds remains elusive. The current review aims to summarize data on efficacy in the management of diabetes, an antidiabetic candidate polyacetylenic compound and possible biological activities as an antidiabetic agent from the available literature. Much emphasis has been directed to cytopiloyne as a representative of polyacetylenic compounds extracted from Bidens pilosa and its activity on diabetic animal models. The majority of the studies conducted on animal models described antidiabetic mechanisms that range from hypoglycemic to secretagogue activity of cytopiloyne in a dose-dependent manner. A clinical trial pilot indicated improved glycemic control of Bidens pilosa formulation among diabetic patients in the study. Bidens pilosa and its compounds are highly potent antidiabetic agent(s) that should be graduated to an intervention for management of diabetes through pre-clinical and clinical trials to elucidate its efficacy and safety.

Density functional theory study of B- and Si-doped carbons and their adsorption interactions with sulfur compounds

Understanding the adsorption interactions between carbon materials and sulfur compounds has far-reaching impacts,in addition to their well-known important role in energy storage and conversion,such as lithium-ion batteries.In this paper,properties of intrinsic B or Si single-atom doped,and B-Si codoped graphene(GR)and graphdiyne(GDY)were investigated by using density functional theory-based calculations,in which the optimal doping configurations were explored for potential applications in adsorbing sulfur compounds.Results showed that both B or Si single-atom doping and B-Si codoping could substantially enhance the electron transport properties of GR and GDY,improving their surface activity.Notably,B and Si atoms displayed synergistic effects for the codoped configurations,where B-Si codoped GR/GDY exhibited much better performance in the adsorption of sulfurcontaining chemicals than single-atom doped systems.In addition,results demonstrated that,after B-Si codoping,the adsorption energy and charge transfer amounts of GDY with sulfur compounds were much larger than those of GR,indicating that B-Si codoped GDY might be a favorable material for more effectively interacting with sulfur reagents.

基于新绿原酸的紫外吸收和电化学双信号响应的Al^(3+)分析新方法研究

目的 利用新绿原酸(NCGA)与Al^(3+)的相互作用,建立一种基于NCGA的紫外吸收和电化学双信号响应的Al^(3+)分析新方法。方法 基于NCGA与单壁碳纳米管(CNTs)之间的π-π堆积作用,构建了NCGA/CNTs/GC电极。利用差分脉冲(DPV)技术和修饰电极在+0.23 V的氧化电流的下降对Al^(3+)进行定量分析。基于NCGA对Al^(3+)在325 nm处的吸收降低同时伴随365 nm新峰生成的紫外光谱响应,并且在277和340 nm处出现等吸收点,利用365 nm和325nm处的吸光度值之比(A_(365)/A_(325))对Al^(3+)进行定量分析。结果 基于NCGA的分析方法对Al^(3+)的紫外吸收在0.1~100μmol·L^(-1)呈现出良好的线性关系,检测限为0.034μmol·L^(-1);基于NCGA的修饰电极对Al^(3+)的电流响应在0.01~0.1,0.1~10和10~100μmol·L^(-1)呈现良好的线性关系,检测限为0.45 nmol·L^(-1)。生理浓度的其他金属离子和生理活性物质对两种信号测定方法均无明显干扰。在NCGA的紫外分析方法和电化学分析方法下,大鼠血清的加标回收率分别为97.4%~101%(n=3)和98.5%~99.4%(n=3)。结论 本方法具有良好的线性、选择性和准确度,并被成功用于大鼠中Al^(3+)的准确定量。该方法有望应用于Al^(3+)相关的生理和病理事件研究。

Exploring Nutritional Compositions,Volatile Compounds,Health Benefits,Emerging Processing Technologies,and Potential Food Products of Glutinous Rice:A Review

Glutinous rice(Oryza sativa var.glutinosa)stands out as one of the most popular rice varieties globally,amidst thousands of rice cultivars.Its increasing popularity is attributed to its rich nutritional compositions and health benefits.This review aims to summarize the nutritional compositions,volatile compounds,and health benefits of glutinous rice.Further,in-depth studies are necessary to explore the utilization of glutinous rice in enhancing processing technologies and developing new food products.Glutinous rice has been shown to possess numerous health benefits,including antioxidant activity,bioactive compounds,anti-cancer properties,anti-inflammatory effects,anti-diabetic potential,and cholesterol-lowering effects.Besides its nutritional compositions,the major volatile compounds identified in glutinous rice could serve as a functional food for human consumption.Emerging processing technologies related to glutinous rice are elaborated to improve the latest developments for incorporating them into various food products.

Protective mechanism of quercetin compounds against acrylamide-induced hepatotoxicity

Quercetin compounds have antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and anticancer pharmacological functions.Longterm exposure to acrylamide(AA)can cause liver injury and endanger human health.However,whether quercetin compounds can attenuate AA-induced liver injury and the specific mechanism are not clear.Here,we studied the mechanism and structure-activity relationship of quercetin compounds in reducing AA-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro.In vivo studies found that quercetin-like compounds protect against AAinduced liver injury by reducing oxidative stress levels,activating the Akt/m TOR signaling pathway to attenuate autophagy,and improving mitochondrial apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis.In vitro studies found that quercetin compounds protected Hep G2 cells from AA by attenuating the activation of AA-induced autophagy,lowering reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels by exerting antioxidant effects and thus attenuating oxidative stress,increasing mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),and improving apoptosis-related proteins,thus attenuating AA-induced apoptosis.Furthermore,the conformational differences between quercetin compounds correlated with their protective capacity against AA-induced hepatotoxicity,with quercetin showing the best protective capacity due to its strongest antioxidant activity.In conclusion,quercetin compounds can protect against AA-induced liver injury through multiple pathways of oxidative stress,autophagy and apoptosis,and their protective capacity correlates with antioxidant activity.