Identification and geochemical significance of polarized macromolecular compounds in lacustrine and marine oils

Polarized macromolecular compounds in typical lacustrine and marine shale oils collected from the Ordos Basin and Tarim Basin of China were analyzed by FT-ICR-MS. Maturity was taken into consideration by diagenesis physical simulation experiments on shale oils, which had been collected at various temperature and pressure stages. The results showed that similar components existed in non-hydrocarbon and asphaltenes and the main peak compound classes of N1 and O2 were potential parameters for identifying typical marine oil and lacustrine oil in China. Nitrogen compounds/(nitrogen compounds and oxygen compounds), such as N1/(O2+N1), N1/(O3+N1), N1/(N1O1+N1O2) are the maturity indicators, which are related with C-N and C-O bond energy. Differences in molecular components and weights between marine and lacustrine oils are the effective index to identify source maturity and sedimentary environment.

Study on Oil Displacement Efficiency of Binary Compound Flooding in Heterogeneous Reservoir

Heterogeneous reservoir characteristics for oilfield, choose HS-1 non-ionic surfactant and polymer formation in binary combination flooding system can significantly improve the rate of production of low permeability reservoir in heterogeneous reservoir. According to the core flooding experiment analyzed longitudinal heterogeneous models, single surfactant and a single polymer and polymer flooding of table binary complex drive effect. Studies show that binary combination flooding recovery effect is best, followed by polymer flooding, minimum of surfactant flooding, in heterogeneous reservoir.

Hydrogen production via steam reforming of bio-oil model compounds over supported nickel catalysts

The steam reforming of four bio-oil model compounds（acetic acid,ethanol,acetone and phenol） was investigated over Ni-based catalysts supported on Al2O3 modified by Mg,Ce or Co in this paper.The activation process can improve the catalytic activity with the change of high-valence Ni（Ni2O3,NiO） to low-valence Ni（Ni,NiO）.Among these catalysts after activation,the Ce-Ni/Co catalyst showed the best catalytic activity for the steam reforming of all the four model compounds.After long-term experiment at 700°C and the S/C ratio of 9,the Ce-Ni/Co catalyst still maintained excellent stability for the steam reforming of the simulated bio-oil（mixed by the four compounds with the equal masses）.With CaO calcinated from calcium acetate as CO2 sorbent,the catalytic steam reforming experiment combined with continuous in situ CO2 adsorption was performed.With the comparison of the case without the adding of CO2 sorbent,the hydrogen concentration was dramatically improved from 74.8% to 92.3%,with the CO2 concentration obviously decreased from 19.90% to 1.88%.

Migration Fractionation of Neutral Nitrogen Compounds of Crude Oils from Tabei Oilfield in the Tarim Basin, China

The absolute amounts and relative distributions of neutral nitrogen compounds in the Tabei oilfield (e.g. blocks Ln1-Ln11) showed remarkable migration fractionation in the vertical direction. From Ordovician reservoirs (O) to oil legs T-Ⅲ and T-Ⅰ of Triassic reservoirs in blocks LN1-LN11, the concentrations of + decreased from {1.59}μg/g, {0.49}μg/g to {0.17}μg/g (oil). The ratios of various alkylcarbazole isomers, such as 1,8-dimethylcarbazole/nitrogen-partially shielded isomers and 1,8-dimethylcarbazole/nitrogen-exposed isomers, were adopted as the indicators of petroleum migration. The ratios increased from {0.13}, {0.20} to {0.67} and from {0.42}, {0.87} to {3.30}, corresponding to those of Ordovician oil leg and oil legs T-Ⅲ and T-Ⅰ. In going from the south to the north of the Tabei oilfield, the absolute concentrations of neutral nitrogen compounds decreased drastically, and the nitrogen-shielded isomers were enriched relative to nitrogen-exposed isomers and nitrogen-partially shielded isomers. Crude oils in the Tabei oilfield migrated laterally from the Jilake structure to the Sangtamu fault uplift and Lunnan fault uplift, and crude oils in the same fault uplift migrated and remigrated vertically from Ordovician reservoirs, to oil legs T-Ⅲ to T-Ⅰ of Triassic reservoirs.

Evidence of Oil Sources and Migration in Triassic-Jurassic Reservoirs in the South Tianhuan Depression of the Ordos Basin, China Based on Analysis of Biomarkers and Nitrogen-Bearing Compounds

The Ordos Basin is an important intracontinental sedimentary basin in western China for its abundant Mesozoic crude oil resources. The southern part of the Tianhuan Depression is located in the southwestern marginal area of this Basin, in which the Jurassic and Triassic Chang-3 are the main oil-bearing strata. Currently, no consensus has been reached regarding oil source and oil migration in the area, and an assessment of oil accumulation patterns is thus challenging. In this paper, the oil source, migration direction, charging site and migration pathways are investigated through analysis of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds and hydrocarbon biomarkers. Oil source correlations show that the oils trapped in the Jurassic and Chang-3 reservoirs were derived from the Triassic Chang-7 source rocks. The Jurassic and Chang-3 crude oils both underwent distinct vertical migration from deep to shallow strata, indicating that the oils generated by Chang-7 source rocks may have migrated upward to the shallower Chang-3 and Jurassic strata under abnormally high pressures, to accumulate along the sand bodies of the ancient rivers and the unconformity surface. The charging direction of the Jurassic and Chang-3 crude oils is primarily derived from Mubo, Chenhao, and Shangliyuan, which are located northeast of the southern Tianhuan Depression, with oils moving toward the west, southwest, and south. The results show that an integration of biomarker and nitrogen-bearing compound analyses can provide useful information about oil source, migration, and accumulation.

Application of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) System Coated with Chromatographic Adsorbents for the Detection of Olive Oil Volatile Compounds

A sensor based on the technique of a piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is analyzed for the detection of six organic volatile compounds with high olive oil sensory significance, such as hexanal, acetic acid, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, undecane, 1-octen-3-ol and 2-butanone. Four sample concentrations have been exposed to each QCM sensor constructed. The detection system is based on the sample adsorption on the forty sensing films coated at the surfaces of forty AT-cut gold-coated quartz crystals. Each sensing film has been prepared with different solution concentrations of ten materials, usually used as chromatographic sta-tionary phases. Sensing film coating process shows excellent repeatability, with coefficient values less than 0.50%. The frequency shifts of the piezoelectric crystals due to the adsorption of the volatile compounds have been measured as sensor responses, using a static measurement system. The results show that only five QCM sensors, with high sensitivity values, are enough to the detection of the volatile compounds studied. Therefore, the developed detection system presented herein provides a rapid identification of organic volatile compounds with elevated olive oil sensory connotation and it could be a substitute technique to the analytical methods normally used for the analysis of the olive oil flavor.

Source,Process and End Treatment Technology of Volatile Organic Compounds in Oil Storage

Oil storage is a source of volatile organic compounds( VOCs). Volatile organic compounds can cause different damages to the environment,animals and plants. Therefore, it is important to control the discharge of VOCs in oil storage. In this paper,the control technology of sources of VOCs pollution in oil storage was analyzed from the source,process and end treatment,and measures for the prevention and control of VOCs pollution in oil storage were proposed.

Research on the direction of secondary migration of oil by making use of nitrogen compounds as tracers in the No. 6 area of the Melut Basin

This paper discussed the direction of secondary migration of oil in the No. 6 area of the Melut Basin by making use of nitrogen compounds as secondary oil migration tracers. From the results, we have found that the occurrence and compositional characteristics of isomeric-nitrogen compounds in crude oil precisely manifest the fractionation effect of oil migration: with increasing secondary migration distance, the absolute concentrations tend to decrease, and the ratio of nitrogen-shielded isomers to nitrogen-exposed isomers tends to increase. It is considered that the main direction of oil migration in the No. 6 area of the Melut Basin is from north to south.

Sensory Perceptions of Virgin Olive Oil: New Panel Evaluation Method and the Chemical Compounds Responsible

The stimulation of the human sensory receptors by compounds present in virgin olive oils (VOOs) gives rise to the sensory attributes that describe its particular aroma. The sensor panel evaluation and the molecules responsible for sensory perceptions of virgin olive oil quality are elucidated. The methodology for the evaluation of the sensory characteristics of VOOs is reported, and typical flavours and off-flavours are described. Relationships between chemical compounds and sensory characteristics are evaluated using the new sensory analyses method promoted by the International Olive Oil Council (IOOC) and included recently in EU regulation (Reg. 1348/2013 and following revisions). Oil quality may be defined in a number of ways, but the sensory perception of flavour is the ultimate determinant.

bHLH96的克隆及其在薄荷萜烯生物合成调控中的功能

【目的】薄荷精油是日化、医药和食品工业中的重要原料,bHLH转录因子在调控植物挥发性次生代谢产物合成中具有重要作用。探究bHLH蛋白在薄荷挥发性物质合成调控中的作用,为通过代谢或基因工程改良薄荷种质提供重要基因资源,拓展有关植物挥发性次生代谢产物合成途径与调控机制的认识。【方法】利用转录组测序和RT-qPCR技术分析bHLH96在薄荷根、茎、叶中的表达,并通过RT-PCR法克隆其全长序列,再利用DNA重组技术构建植物表达载体pBI121-bHLH96,利用农杆菌介导法在薄荷叶片中过表达,检测过表达bHLH96对薄荷叶片萜烯化合物含量和合成相关基因表达的影响。【结果】薄荷bHLH96的编码区全长861 bp,编码286个氨基酸残基。薄荷bHLH96是一个细胞核定位蛋白,植物bHLH96蛋白间的序列相似性为45.45%-73.68%,薄荷bHLH96与薰衣草LaMYC4和丹参SmbHLH94等唇形科植物bHLH蛋白的亲缘关系较近。在薄荷叶片中瞬时过表达bHLH96,显著影响15种萜烯化合物的相对含量。过表达bHLH96显著上调萜烯合成相关基因OC2、SM1、KS1、ND和EAO1的表达,显著下调NLS1、LS1和iPR的表达。【结论】薄荷bHLH96可能通过调控萜烯合成相关基因的表达,影响相关萜合成酶的活性,从而调控薄荷萜烯物质的合成。

Composition and origin of molecular compounds in the condensate oils of the Dabei gas field, Tarim Basin, NW China

The Dabei gas field in the Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin is the most complex and deep continental condensate gas field in China. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography?time of flight mass spectrometer (GC×GC-TOFMS) analysis was conducted on five condensate oil samples from this field. The results show that the samples have n-alkane series in complete preservation and rich adamantanes. According to the methyladamantane index, the condensate oil is the product of the source rock with vitrinite reflectance (Ro) of 1.3%–1.6%. According to the gas maturity calculated through carbon isotope and vitrinite reflectance, the natural gas is corresponding to Ro of 1.3%–1.7%, reflecting that the natural gas and condensate oil are basically formed during the same period at the high maturity stage of source rock. The Dabei gas field has favorable geological conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation: thick salt rock in the Paleogene acts as a regional high-quality caprock directly overlying the high-quality sandstone reservoir of the Cretaceous, the coal source rocks have high hydrocarbon generation intensity and provide continuous oil and gas, and the subsalt thrust structures develop in rows with rich faults, providing migration pathways for oil and gas migration. These factors together controlled the formation of the Dabei gas field.

An Assessment Study of Usefulness of Using Olive (<i>Olea europaea</i>L.) Leaves in Biomonitoring the Air Pollution near Baniyas Oil Refinery, Syria: Estimating of Total Phenolic Compounds and Lead, Copper and Manganese in Olive Leaves

The aim of this study was to estimate the total amount of phenolic compounds of olive trees leaves (Olea europaea L.) as a biomarker for the assessment of heavy metals (HMs) air pollution (Pb, Cu and Mn) in Baniyas area. Olive trees were selected as the predominant species in the study area. Samples were collected from 6 locations at different distances from the vicinity of Baniyas refinery (0.1, 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 10) Km. The control was taken from an area about 20 km from the refinery to the north-east (Al-Qardaha rural). The concentration of total phenolic compounds (TPC) during the summer was (45.6 - 70.85) mg GAE/g dw, and during winter (35.6 - 52.9) mg GAE/g dw. The concentrations of the studied HMs (Pb, Cu and Mn) in unwashed leaves during summer were (0.879 - 2.170) ppm, (0.75 - 5.21) ppm and (54.38 - 8.78) ppm respectively, whilst during the winter concentrations were (0.479 - 1.023) ppm, (1.54 - 7.29) ppm and (53.79 - 7.58) ppm respectively. The results showed significant differences in the concentration of total phenolic compounds and HMs (Pb, Cu and Mn) between sites (ANOVA), significant differences in concentrations of both total phenols and HMs (Pb and Cu) between summer and winter at all sites (t-test, p < 0.05). TPC, Pb and Mn were higher in summer in all sites than in winter. Levels of Cu were significantly higher in winter than in summer at all sites (t-test, p t-test, p < 0.05) between the concentration of total phenolic compounds and both Pb and Mn with the distance from the refinery of Baniyas. Consequently, the result of this study enhanced the usefulness of using of TPC in olive leaves as biomarker of air pollution.

复合植物精油对黄麻鸡生长性能、免疫力及肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加复合植物精油对黄麻鸡生长性能、免疫力及肉品质的影响,为黄麻鸡的绿色健康养殖提供参考。试验选择21日龄的黄麻鸡600只,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只黄麻鸡。对照组、精油1组、精油2组、精油3组黄麻鸡饲粮中分别添加0、200、400、800 mg/kg的复合植物精油。试验期8 w。结果显示:与对照组相比,精油2组黄麻鸡的料重比显著降低(P<0.05),血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平显著升高(P<0.05),白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平显著降低(P<0.05);所有复合植物精油组黄麻鸡血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,精油2组和精油3组黄麻鸡血液淋巴细胞数量显著提高(P<0.05),腹脂率显著降低(P<0.05);精油2组和精油3组黄麻鸡胸肌pH24 h值、肉色a*值显著提高(P<0.05),精油2组胸肌剪切力和滴水损失均显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,复合植物精油能够提高黄麻鸡的饲料利用率、免疫力,改善肉品质,降低腹脂率,复合植物精油适宜添加水平为400 mg/kg。

肉桂精油复配香芹酚和百里香酚对食用畜禽有害微生物熏蒸的抗菌活性

通过测定抑菌圈直径确定肉桂精油及单离香料香芹酚和百里酚对食用畜禽有害微生物的敏感性,同时采用气相熏蒸法测定最低抑菌浓度(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(Minimum Bacterial Concentration,MBC)。结果表明:肉桂精油及香芹酚和百里酚对食用畜禽有害微生物都具有一定的抑杀能力。肉桂精油对黑曲霉的抗菌效果优于百里香酚和香芹酚,肉桂精油对黑曲霉的MIC和MBC为62.5μL/L,而百里香酚和香芹酚的MIC和MBC均为125μL/L;将肉桂精油与香芹酚进行复配,复配精油对白色葡萄球菌和黑曲霉均表现出相加作用(FICI≤1),而对白色念珠菌则表现为无关作用。通过GC-MS分析,肉桂精油的主要挥发性化学成分中相对含量较高的为肉桂醛(78.19%)、2-甲氧基肉桂醛(8.70%)。采用电子鼻分析溶剂稀释后对复配精油抑菌活性的影响,抑菌能力大小为:丙二醇稀释≈无水乙醇稀释>未稀释>甘油稀释>食用油稀释。实验表明:香芹酚与肉桂精油复配可以提高肉桂精油的抗菌活性,溶剂挥发性的差异会对复配精油的抑菌活性造成不同影响,稀释复配精油时溶剂的较优选择为丙二醇。

复方精油穴位按摩联合远红外线照射治疗血液透析患者不宁腿综合征的效果

目的探讨复方精油穴位按摩联合远红外线照射治疗血液透析(血透)患者不宁腿综合征(RLS)的效果。方法选取合并RLS的血透患者50例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组25例。对照组在遵医嘱服用药物治疗同时加用远红外线照射,观察组在对照组治疗基础上加用复方精油穴位按摩,2组均治疗8周。观察2组患者实际血透治疗时间、提前结束血透治疗次数、尿素清除指数(Kt/V)、尿素下降率(URR)、中医症状评分、国际不宁腿综合征量表(IRLS)评分及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分。结果与对照组比较,观察组实际血透治疗时间延长(P<0.05),提前结束血透治疗次数明显减少(P<0.001)。治疗后,观察组Kt/V及URR均明显高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.001)。治疗前2组中医症状评分、IRLS及PSQI评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,2组中医症状评分、IRLS及PSQI评分均较治疗前下降(均P<0.05),且观察组优于对照组(均P<0.001)。结论复方精油穴位按摩联合远红外线照射可改善合并RLS的血透患者临床症状,有效延长患者实际透析时间、减少提前结束血透治疗次数,提升血液透析充分性及患者睡眠质量。

油浸式变压器复合酯类环保绝缘油介电与老化特性

天然酯绝缘油因其高闪点、环境友好,满足电力行业标准规定的理化与电气性能,已在配电和电力变压器得到了应用,但其仍面临运动粘度大、介质损耗高以及抗氧化性有待提升等难题。为解决上述难题,本文作者从液体成分角度分析了酯类油及其复合物的基础理化特性与抗氧化性能,以棉籽油、菜籽油、FR3和三羟甲基丙烷三酸酯为研究对象,获得酯类油组分与理化、介电性能的关系以及复合酯类油热老化特性。结果表明,在热老化过程中油品抗老化特性主要取决于油品自身的氧化安定性,混合油的氧化安定性高于天然酯,其老化过程中性能相对稳定。三羟甲基丙烷三酸酯的饱和水溶解度虽然远高于天然酯,但在油纸老化过程中两种油浸纸的聚合度变化相差不大。

正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成差异分析——以塔河油田奥陶系原油为例

【目的】为明确原油正构烷烃单体碳同位素(δ^(13)C_(alkane))组成差异的成因。【方法】研究分析了塔北地区奥陶系共计17个原油样品δ^(13)C_(alkane)组成特征,结合相关有机地球化学参数,从沉积环境、成熟度和生物降解作用三个方面解释了三类原油δ^(13)C_(alkane)值的变化趋势。【结果与结论】根据物性的差异,可将塔北地区原油分为重质、中质和轻质三类。塔北地区奥陶系原油δ^(13)C_(alkane)值介于-37‰~-31‰,呈现出海相原油的特征,表明原油δ^(13)C_(alkane)组成及分布范围受其形成的沉积环境和母质类型控制;从重质原油到中质原油再到轻质原油,成熟度逐渐增大,导致原油δ^(13)C_(alkane)值正偏;相较于中质原油和轻质原油,重质原油低碳数部分δ^(13)C_(alkane)明显变大,表明生物降解程度是重质原油中、低分子量正构烷烃δ^(13)C14~δ^(13)C19值正偏的主要影响因素。

复方桐叶烧伤油联合重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子凝胶治疗喉癌术后咽漏的疗效研究

目的研究喉癌术后咽漏患者应用复方桐叶烧伤油联合重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子凝胶(rh-bFGF)治疗的疗效。方法选取2018年1月至2022年12月本院收治的行喉癌切除术后咽漏患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。治疗组使用复方桐叶烧伤油联合rh-bFGF纱条进行局部换药,对照组仅使用rh-bFGF纱条进行局部换药。评估咽漏疗效、治愈时间和费用。结果治疗组患者显效率[46.67%(14/30)]、总有效率[96.67%(29/30)]与对照组[30.00%(9/30)和86.67%(26/30)]比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组患者治疗后血清白细胞介素6水平[(16.56±4.26)pg/L]均低于治疗前[(53.96±6.28)pg/L]与对照组[(24.35±3.61)pg/L],术后住院费用[(57817.7±2203.7)元]明显少于对照组[(61915.5±1972.9)元],住院时间[(19.27±2.35)d]明显短于对照组[(24.77±2.16)d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论复方桐叶烧伤油联合rh-bFGF治疗喉癌术后咽漏效果与常规使用rh-bFGF相当,可促进愈合,减轻炎症反应,且与常规使用rh-bFGF比较,可缩短住院时间和费用,具有较好的临床获益,值得推广应用。

加工方式对大豆油中挥发性物质的影响

为探究加工方式对大豆油风味物质的影响,采用电子鼻与顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用相结合的方法分析浸提、热榨和冷榨3种方式加工的大豆油挥发性物质的差异。结果表明:在3种大豆油样品中共检出86种挥发性物质,其中浸提油53种,热榨油54种,冷榨油45种,主要包括醛类、醇类、酮类、酸类、酯类、萜烯类、杂环类(呋喃和吡嗪)以及烃类等化合物。在3种大豆油中检出相同的挥发性物质有24种。主成分分析和层次聚类分析结果表明加工方式对大豆油风味的影响较大。采用气味活度值(OAV)判定3种大豆油样品的关键风味物质,浸提油中检出关键风味物质15种,以3-壬烯-2-酮等物质为主,使浸提油具有浆果风味。热榨油中检出关键风味物质16种,其中2,5-二甲基吡嗪等杂环类物质使热榨油具有独特的烘焙风味。冷榨油中检出12种关键风味物质,以(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛等醛类物质为主,使冷榨油具有天然油脂风味。偏最小二乘回归分析表明电子鼻与气相色谱-质谱联用的检测结果间存在较好相关性。

准噶尔盆地玛湖斜坡八道湾组低含油饱和度油藏地球化学特征分析

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷斜坡中浅层发现了侏罗系八道湾组低含油饱和度油藏,但是老井试油后产量不一,油藏“甜点”识别困难。为此,利用油气地球化学参数,对八道湾组油藏地球化学特征进行研究。结果表明:八道湾组低含油饱和度油藏原油的生物标志化合物特征对分析原油特点和原油成因具有显著的表征意义,原油普遍具有β-胡萝卜烷和γ-蜡烷丰度高的特征,为典型二叠系风城组烃源岩的产物。其中,低产井原油的γ-蜡烷丰度相对偏低,Ts/Tm较大;高产井原油的γ-蜡烷丰度较高,Ts/Tm偏小,色层效应是造成原油间生物标志化合物差异的主要原因。综合分析认为,断裂沟通方式及油藏充注过程影响了油气的聚集程度,晚期构造掀斜调整形成的八道湾组低含油饱和度油藏更具有勘探潜力。研究结果可为玛湖凹陷下一步勘探开发提供思路和方向。