Compound Product of Hypermatrices

The semi-tensor product(STP)of matrices is generalized to multidimensional arrays,called the compound product of hypermatrices.The product is first defined for three-dimensional hypermatrices with compatible orders and then extended to general cases.Three different types of hyperdeterminants are introduced and certain properties are revealed.The Lie groups and Lie algebras corresponding to the hypermatrix products are constructed.Finally,these results are applied to dynamical systems.

Hydrogen production via steam reforming of bio-oil model compounds over supported nickel catalysts

The steam reforming of four bio-oil model compounds（acetic acid,ethanol,acetone and phenol） was investigated over Ni-based catalysts supported on Al2O3 modified by Mg,Ce or Co in this paper.The activation process can improve the catalytic activity with the change of high-valence Ni（Ni2O3,NiO） to low-valence Ni（Ni,NiO）.Among these catalysts after activation,the Ce-Ni/Co catalyst showed the best catalytic activity for the steam reforming of all the four model compounds.After long-term experiment at 700°C and the S/C ratio of 9,the Ce-Ni/Co catalyst still maintained excellent stability for the steam reforming of the simulated bio-oil（mixed by the four compounds with the equal masses）.With CaO calcinated from calcium acetate as CO2 sorbent,the catalytic steam reforming experiment combined with continuous in situ CO2 adsorption was performed.With the comparison of the case without the adding of CO2 sorbent,the hydrogen concentration was dramatically improved from 74.8% to 92.3%,with the CO2 concentration obviously decreased from 19.90% to 1.88%.

Flocculating Properties and Production of the Compound Bioflocculant by Rhizobium Radiobacter F2 and Bacillus Sphaeicus F6

A compound bioflocculant CBF,produced by mixed culture of Rhizobium radiobacter F2 and Bacillus sphaeicus F6, was investigated with regard to its production and flocculating properties. The optimization of the culture medium constituents including carbon source,nitrogen source and C / N ratio,metal ions and ionic strength on CBF production were studied. Flocculating properties of CBF were examined by a series of experiments and CBF had good flocculating activities in kaolin suspension with divalent cations and stable over wide range of p H. Studies of the flocculating properties revealed that the flocculation could be stimulated by cations Ca2+,Mg2+,Fe2+,Al3+and Fe3+. In addition,it was stable at 4-30 ℃ in the presence of Ca Cl2. It was found to be effective for flocculation of a kaolin suspension under neutral and weak alkaline conditions( p H 7. 0- 9. 0),and flocculating activities of higher than 95% were obtained when the CBF concentrations among 6- 14 mg / L at p H 8. 0. The results of this study indicate that CBF is a potential replacement of conventional synthetic flocculants and is widely applied in water treatment and downstream processing of food and fermentation industries.

Iron Fertilization with Enhanced Phytoplankton Productivity under Minimal Sulfur Compounds and Grazing Control Analysis in HNLC Region

The present study investigated quantitatively the significance of HNLC (high-nutrient low-chlorophyll) regions and its grazing control with the improved iron fertilization for climate change. The limitation of iron (Fe) for phytoplankton growth in HNLC regions was confirmed by sulfur compounds (S) such as volcanic ash and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in batch cultures, whose chemical sediment of Fe3S4 showed 4.06 wt%. The technologies developed for iron fertilization since 1993 till now were not practical to provide sufficient amounts of bioavailable iron due to sedimentary iron sulfides induced by undersea volcanic sulfur compounds. The proposed technology for iron fertilization was improved to enhance the bioavailable iron to phytoplankton by keeping minimal sulfur compounds in HNLC regions. The low productivity of phytoplankton by grazing control in HNLC regions was 6% diatoms whose 52% was grazed by copepods and 42% by krill on the basis of data analysis in 2000 EisenEx Experiment at boundary of Antarctic and African tectonic plates. All of the previous iron fertilization experiments were conducted at volcanic sulfur compounds enriched HNLC regions. The present study revealed that the enhanced phytoplankton productivity in batch culture without sedimentary iron sulfides can be possible only if sulfur compounds are minimal, as is in Shag Rocks (53°S, 42°W) of South Georgia in Scotia Sea in the Southern Ocean.

Effects of Different Compound Trace Element Premixed Materials on Beef Cattle Production Performance and Anti-oxidation Capacity

In this study,the effects of two types of premixed materials with different combinations of trace elements on the production performance and antioxidant capacity of simmental beef cattle were examined.Fifteen healthy simmental beef cattle of similar weight(approximately 330 kg),the same age(12 months),without castration,and a good physique were divided into three groups,with five beef cattle in each group.Food of Group Ⅰ beef cattle was supplemented with a commercially marketed 5% compound trace element premixture for fine beef cattle.Food of Group Ⅱ beef cattle was supplemented with a 5% compound microelement premixture for beef cattle that was designed to address local nutrient deficiencies and surpluses.In the blank control group,the beef cattle were not fed a premixture.The pretest period was 15 days,and the test period was divided into prefattening(45 days)and postfattening(45 days)stages.Body weight and body size indices were recorded at 1,2 and 3 months,and blood samples were collected regularly.In Group Ⅰ,the daily weight gain increased significantly by 15.7% compared with that of the control group.The largest daily weight gain was in Group Ⅱ,which increased by 31.6% compared with that in the control.During the test period of 90 days,the body size indices of the three different groups increased in different months,with significant increases in the indices for both test groups compared with those of the control.In Group Ⅰ,the activity of CP,the total activity of SOD and Cu-Zn-SOD increased significantly(p<0.05)compared with those in the control group,with a highly significant increase observed in GSH-PX activity(p<0.01).In Group Ⅱ,the increases in the activity of CP and the total activity of SOD and Cu-Zn-SOD were highly significant compared with those in the control group(p<0.01).In addition,a significant increase was observed in GSH-PX activity(p<0.05).Based on pretest results,the concentrations of Cu,Zn,Mo,Mn,Se and Co in the blood of experimental beef cattle were lower than those of the normal range.After feeding for 90 days,the concentrations of Cu,Zn,Mo,Mn,Se and Co in the blood of Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly higher than those in the control group(p<0.05).The concentrations of elements in the blood of Group Ⅱ were close to the appropriate levels.Thus,the effects of the specifically designed compound microelement premixture on the prevention of nutrient imbalances and control of beef cattle nutrition metabolism and the production of fattened beef cattle were significant.

Box-Behnken响应面法优化焙烤食品复配防腐剂的研究

本研究以纳他霉素、乳酸链球菌素、ε-聚赖氨酸和茄非可食部分生物碱提取液为主要原料,在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化确定焙烤食品复配防腐剂最佳配比,并进行验证试验。结果表明,在纳他霉素浓度为0.078 g·kg^(-1)、乳酸链球菌素浓度为0.080 g·kg^(-1)、ε-聚赖氨酸浓度为0.060 g·kg^(-1)、茄非可食部分生物碱提取液浓度为14%时,复配防腐剂的抑菌效果最佳。验证试验分别测定对照组和试验组的菌落总数和霉菌数,对照组的菌落总数、霉菌数明显多于试验组,且试验组未检出霉菌。

环氧树脂/碳纤维复合材料模压制品力学性能影响因素分析

通过正交实验研究模压工艺参数对环氧树脂/碳纤维(EP/CF)片状模塑料SMC模压成型制品力学性能的影响,分析了各工艺参数对制品拉伸强度和弯曲强度的影响趋势。通过方差分析,得到工艺参数对于拉伸强度的影响大小为合模速度>模压温度>模压压力>保压时间,工艺参数对于弯曲强度的影响大小为合模速度>模压压力>模压温度>保压时间,同时得到了对拉伸强度和弯曲强度的显著性因素;研究了拉伸破坏模式及失效机理,采用K-均值方法并选取典型试样观察,发现环氧树脂与基体的结合程度是影响拉伸强度的原因。

木质素模型化合物的电化学催化研究:转化特性与产物选择性

酚类衍生物是生物油的关键组分,对其电催化加氢(ECH)性质的深入理解对于高效利用生物油至关重要。基于此种考量,本工作研究了生物油中代表性物质愈创木酚的电催化加氢性能,探讨了其电催化加氢的反应机制、转化率和产品选择性在不同反应条件下(温度:40−80℃,高氯酸浓度:0.2–1.0 mol/L,电流强度:(–10)–(–150)mA)的变化。同时,也探索了愈创木酚中间产物(2-甲氧基环己酮和环己酮)等对其电催化加氢的影响。结果表明,愈创木酚的ECH转化率随温度和电流强度的提高而增加,但高氯酸浓度的增加则对转化率具有相反的影响。同时发现,中间产物的存在增强了愈创木酚的电催化加氢转化率,尤其是2-甲氧基环己酮,其效果更为显著。在此基础上,对其他种酚类衍生物(包括苯酚、邻苯二酚、愈创木酚、丁香酚和香草醛)及其混合物的电催化加氢机制的进一步研究中发现,模型化合物的电催化转化率与苯环上官能团的复杂程度成反比。在其中结构最简单的苯酚具有最高的转化率(89.34%),而由于结构更复杂,香草醛的转化率最低,仅为46.79%。同时,在多组分混合物的电催化加氢研究中发现,模型化合物的协同和竞争机制将显著影响各自的转化率。

我国石化储罐VOCs安全高效深度减排、回收和热氧化技术进展

全面总结了石化储罐VOCs产排机理、排放特征以及VOCs减排、回收和热氧化技术进展,并提出了意见和建议,希望对我国石化储罐VOCs深度减排有所裨益。石化储罐除大小呼吸产气外,还有高温重油储存热裂解等产气现象。在计算储罐排气中可燃物浓度时不应忽视硫化氢、甲烷、氢气、氨等组分。目前,中美储罐VOCs管控都以选择浮顶罐等源头减排为主,以储罐使用过程控制和排放气末端治理为辅,我国应适时修订现行标准,以适应越来越严的环保要求。核算得出2019年我国有机液体储罐VOCs排放量为(39.2~90.4)×10^(4)t,主要来自石化企业,建议将粗柴油、粗汽油、粗航煤、蜡油、燃料油、渣油等中间产品罐或重油罐与苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲醇等储罐一起列为优先管控对象。建议我国开展石化储罐VOCs深度减排,包括源头减排、过程控制和末端治理,内浮顶罐内置气袋有可能成为继浮盘之后又一重要的源头减排技术;低温柴油吸收与吸附、冷凝相比,在处理含硫量较高的粗汽油、粗柴油、高温重油等储罐废气上具有优势。总体上,我国石化储罐外排VOCs治理正在从回收向回收+热氧化(催化氧化、蓄热氧化、焚烧炉、工艺加热炉、锅炉)转变,控制热氧化单元出口非甲烷总烃小于20mg/m^(3)。

天然产物调控氧化应激治疗骨质疏松症

背景:越来越多的研究表明氧化应激在治疗骨质疏松症方面发挥着重要作用,氧化应激会导致氧化活性物质的累积,进而损伤骨相关细胞,最终引起骨吸收和骨生成的失衡,导致骨量减少以及骨微结构的破坏。近年来研究发现,一些天然产物可以调节氧化应激治疗骨质疏松症,其来源广泛、不良反应小等特点在治疗骨质疏松症方面具有明显的优势,疗效可观。目的:讨论天然产物调控氧化应激治疗骨质疏松症的机制,并根据最新的相关研究进展展开综述,以期为今后更多天然产物治疗骨质疏松症的研究提供参考和思路,并为临床上应用天然化合物治疗骨质疏松症提供数据支持。方法:以“oxidative stress,free radical,antioxidant,phytotherapy,plant extracts,medicinal plants,herbal medicine,osteoporosis,bone density,bone loss”“氧化应激,自由基,抗氧化,天然产物,植物提取物,植物药,中药,骨质疏松症,骨密度,骨丢失”为关键词在PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane、维普、CBM、万方和中国知网数据库检索2010年1月至2023年2月的相关文献。制定纳入和排除标准,通过阅读文献标题、摘要及全文内容进行筛选,最终纳入64篇相关文献。结果与结论:①一些天然产物具有抗氧化作用,并可以通过改善氧化应激调控成骨分化、调控成骨细胞骨基质矿化、调控破骨细胞介导的骨吸收、调控骨相关细胞的增殖、分化、活性和凋亡,从而影响骨代谢过程;②这些具有抗氧化作用的天然产物通过改善骨重塑平衡起到治疗骨质疏松症的作用;③多种天然产物联合使用改善骨质疏松症的研究还有待探索;④利用天然产物调控氧化应激可能成为今后临床上治疗骨质疏松症的有力武器。

食源性乙二醛毒性和抑制研究进展

乙二醛(glyoxal,GO)是糖基化过程中产生的活性二羰基,外源性GO来源为食物、饮料和香烟烟雾等,由于其高活性和高毒性而备受关注。在食品的热加工和贮存过程中生成的α-二羰基化合物,进一步增加了人类通过饮食摄入这些化合物以及由此产生的晚期糖基化终末产物的风险。鉴于GO多重和复杂的毒性作用,深入阐明GO的毒性机制和相关的解毒策略是十分必要的。该文概述了食品中GO的分布、危害和毒性机制,对目前GO抑制剂的抑制机理和应用进行综述,为新型抑制剂开发和应用提供参考。

发酵肉制品中的特征风味与微生物之间的关系研究进展

发酵肉制品是指在自然或者人工的控制条件下,以新鲜的肉类为原料,通过微生物或酶的发酵作用制成的一类产品。发酵肉制品中特征风味物质种类繁多,其中主要有酯类、醛类、醇类、酸类以及游离氨基酸等。由于消费者对发酵肉制品风味品质要求的提高,风味物质的控制已经成为提升发酵肉制品品质的关键指标之一。发酵肉制品中的部分微生物特别是乳酸菌、酵母菌和葡萄球菌促进了肉制品中碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪的分解,从而促进发酵肉制品独特风味的形成。本文详细介绍了国内外不同发酵肉制品中的主要风味物质、风味形成途径和检测方法,进一步归纳总结了能够产生这些风味物质的关键微生物以及产风味物质的微生物筛选方法,以期为后续发酵肉制品风味品质的提升提供参考。

复合微生态制剂对奶山羊生产性能、乳成分、血清生化、免疫和抗氧化指标的影响

为探究复合微生态制剂对萨能奶山羊生产性能、乳成分、血清生化、免疫和抗氧化指标的影响,试验选取26头1~2胎次、日均产奶量(1.01±0.38)kg的萨能奶山羊,随机分为2组,每组13头,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组每头羊在基础饲粮中添加10 g/d复合微生态制剂。结果表明:试验组与对照组相比干物质采食量、产奶量、料奶比均无显著差异(P>0.05),体细胞、乳脂率、尿素氮和总固形物差异不显著(P>0.05),但乳蛋白在第21天和43天均有显著提高的趋势(P=0.094)和(P=0.069),非脂固形物在第21天和43天均有显著提高的趋势(P=0.082)和(P=0.070);血清生化中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白等指标均差异不显著(P>0.05),葡萄糖含量显著提高66.20%(P<0.05),尿素氮含量有降低的趋势(P=0.082);免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白M无显著差异(P>0.05),免疫球蛋白A的含量显著提高25.06%(P<0.01),白细胞介素-1和白细胞介素-6的含量显著降低了33.23%和15.80%(P<0.01);血清中丙二醇含量显著降低16.16%(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶显著升高35.01%(P<0.01),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶显著提高15.08%(P<0.05),总抗氧化能力两组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,复合微生态制剂对奶山羊生产性能无不利影响,能提高奶山羊免疫和抗氧化性能,具有促进反刍动物健康的作用。

国内磷酸二氢锂行业现状与展望

随着锂电新能源行业的飞速发展,我国磷酸二氢锂的市场需求量逐年攀升,而目前国内存在较大的产能缺口,并且工业化生产磷酸二氢锂的报道极其有限。因此对已报道的磷酸二氢锂生产工艺进行总结,并对近年国内磷酸二氢锂行业动态进行整理与汇总,最后对磷酸二氢锂行业未来发展趋势进行展望,旨在为磷酸二氢锂行业的发展提供参考与帮助。

基于PA66复合材料的产品系统设计流程研究

为探讨复合材料在产品设计流程中的应用优势,提出以单车车轮的设计开发为例,进行基于PA66复合材料的产品系统设计流程的实例研究。在任务说明阶段引入PA66复合材料,明确设计需求及限制约束;在概念说明阶段,运用层次分析法分析设计需求权重,输出多种车轮方案,并结合多个仿真软件进行最佳方案评估;在结构改进阶段,结合材料性能对车轮整体结构进行改进;在制造与仿真阶段,根据材料特性进行联合仿真测试,以获得最佳车轮设计。研究结果表明:在基于PA66复合材料的产品系统设计流程指导下,车轮整体满足结构强度要求,单轮质量减小最高可达16%,且轮辐壁厚每减小0.5 mm,可额外减小质量约6%,相较于初始方案减少了材料用量及生产成本。该研究方法可为同类产品的研发提供系统性理论指导。

平欧榛子副产物不同溶剂提取物的生物活性评价及超高效液相色谱-质谱分析

采用不同极性溶剂(水、甲醇、80%乙醇溶液和乙酸乙酯)对平欧榛子的副产物(叶、果苞、壳、枝条和种皮)进行酚类物质提取,对其体外抗氧化、降血糖、抗炎活性进行评估,并利用超高效液相色谱-质谱(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS)联用技术对其多酚类物质进行鉴定。榛子叶和枝条提取物比果苞、壳和种皮提取物具有更强的体外抗氧化、降血糖和抗炎活性,主要与榛子副产物中的总酚和原花青素相关,其中榛子枝条的甲醇提取物中总酚(以干质量中没食子酸质量计)和原花青素(以干质量中原花青素质量计)含量最高,分别为(37.13±0.22)mg/g和(2.27±0.04)mg/g,榛子叶的80%乙醇溶液提取物中的总黄酮(以干质量中芦丁质量计)含量最高,为(18.21±1.37)mg/g。乙酸乙酯提取物的总酚、总黄酮和原花青素含量在相同部位提取物中最低,但是对α-淀粉酶活性和脂氧合酶活性具有显著抑制能力(P<0.05),其中果苞的乙酸乙酯提取物抑制α-淀粉酶的效果最好,叶的乙酸乙酯提取物对脂氧合酶的抑制作用最强。经UPLC-MS分析可知,平欧榛子副产物中的酚类物质以黄酮类化合物居多,另外还含有萜类、生物碱、木脂素和有机酸等多种活性物质。平欧榛子副产物中的活性成分具有应用于功能食品或药品中的潜能。

吉林省复混肥料“产—销—用”现状调研与产业发展建议

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