BACKGROUND： Previous studies of attentional control have focused primarily on pre-cue control of attentional cue and direction. OBJECTIVE： To measure the differences in electrical activity of brain cells while proce...BACKGROUND： Previous studies of attentional control have focused primarily on pre-cue control of attentional cue and direction. OBJECTIVE： To measure the differences in electrical activity of brain cells while processing pre-cue and post-cue compound stimuli, and to explore brain electrical activity during global and local processing of compound stimuli according to electroencephalogram （EEG） recordings. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A within-subject design study was performed at the School of Psychology, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, China from March to May 2006. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 30 healthy, undergraduate students, aged 17-24 years, comprising 12 males and 18 females, were voluntarily enrolled from Beijing Normal University. Subjects exhibited normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity. No significant non signal wave drift was detected during testing. METHODS： A total of 30 subjects were subjected to pre-cue and post-cue compound stimulus processing using event-related potential and EEG recordings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Evoked potential was recorded in different brain regions utilizing event-related potential to observe hemispheric symmetry, cue consistency and global-local features. RESULTS： Pre-cue compound stimuli resulted in hemispheric asymmetry for early wave （N1） and late wave （P3） in anterior brain regions. Early- and late-wave induced hemispheric asymmetry for electrode points （O1, 02, P3, P4, Pz, F3, F4, F7, F8, Fz, FP1, FP2, T7, TS, C3, C4, and Cz） during processing of pre-cue compound stimuli （P 〈 0.05）. Post-cue compound stimuli did not induce hemispheric asymmetry of brain waves induced by the above-described electrode points. No significant differences in global and local responses were determined during processing of post-cue compound stimuli. Under pre-cue conditions, significant differences were observed in N1 and P3 in the above-mentioned electrode points （P 〈 0.05）. However, under post-cue conditions, no significant differences were observed in N1 and P3 using the above-mentioned electrode points. Significant differences in early waves （N1 and P1） using the above-mentioned electrode points were detected between anterior and posterior brain regions, regardless of consistent or inconsistent, large or small letters （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Cue location effected mechanisms underlying global and local processing of compound stimuli. Pre- or post-cue conditions resulted in differences in hemispheric symmetry, cue consistency, and global and local features. Under pre-cue conditions, hemispheric dominance was detected in global and local processing following compound stimuli. Under post-cue conditions, hemispheric dominance was not determined.展开更多
Supramolecular polymers, which combined of the supramolecular chemistry and polymer science, are constructed from monomers together by reversible noncovalent interactions. Supramolecular polymers in aqueous solution a...Supramolecular polymers, which combined of the supramolecular chemistry and polymer science, are constructed from monomers together by reversible noncovalent interactions. Supramolecular polymers in aqueous solution are especially important due to their superior biocompatibility and environmental adaptation, which determined they have wide applications in various areas, such as drug delivery, selfhealing, shape memory. Macrocyclic compounds, such as cyclodextrins, calixarenes, cucurbiturils and pillar[n]arenes, are the most used building blocks in the preparation of supramolecular polymers.Macrocycle-based supramolecular polymers, which introduce the host-guest interaction in the system,endow these polymers with interesting and smart physical-chemical properties. In this review, we summarized recent studies about supramolecular polymers in aqueous solution based on macrocyclic compounds.展开更多
Organometallic conjugated complexes have become an important type of stimuli-responsive materials because of their appealing electrochemical properties and rich photonic, electronic, and magnetic properties. They are ...Organometallic conjugated complexes have become an important type of stimuli-responsive materials because of their appealing electrochemical properties and rich photonic, electronic, and magnetic properties. They are potentially useful in a wide range of applications such as molecular wires, molecular switches, molecular machines, molecular memory, and optoelectronic detections. This review outlines the recent progress on the molecular design of carbometalated ruthenium and osmium complexes and their applications as redox-responsive materials with visible and near-infrared(NIR) absorptions and electron paramagnetic resonance as readout signals. Three molecule systems are introduced, including the symmetric diruthenium complexes, metal-amine conjugated bi-center system, and multi-center redox-active organometallic compounds. Because of the presence of a metal-carbon bond on each metal component and strong electronic coupling between redox sites, these compounds display multiple reversible redox processes at low potentials and each redox state possesses significantly different physical and chemical properties. Using electrochemical potentials as input signals, these materials show reversible NIR absorption spectral changes, making them potentially useful in NIR electrochromism and information storage.展开更多
基金the Planning Program Foundation of Application and Experimental Psychology of Beijing Key Laboratory from 2008 to 2009.No.JD100270541
文摘BACKGROUND： Previous studies of attentional control have focused primarily on pre-cue control of attentional cue and direction. OBJECTIVE： To measure the differences in electrical activity of brain cells while processing pre-cue and post-cue compound stimuli, and to explore brain electrical activity during global and local processing of compound stimuli according to electroencephalogram （EEG） recordings. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A within-subject design study was performed at the School of Psychology, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, China from March to May 2006. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 30 healthy, undergraduate students, aged 17-24 years, comprising 12 males and 18 females, were voluntarily enrolled from Beijing Normal University. Subjects exhibited normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity. No significant non signal wave drift was detected during testing. METHODS： A total of 30 subjects were subjected to pre-cue and post-cue compound stimulus processing using event-related potential and EEG recordings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Evoked potential was recorded in different brain regions utilizing event-related potential to observe hemispheric symmetry, cue consistency and global-local features. RESULTS： Pre-cue compound stimuli resulted in hemispheric asymmetry for early wave （N1） and late wave （P3） in anterior brain regions. Early- and late-wave induced hemispheric asymmetry for electrode points （O1, 02, P3, P4, Pz, F3, F4, F7, F8, Fz, FP1, FP2, T7, TS, C3, C4, and Cz） during processing of pre-cue compound stimuli （P 〈 0.05）. Post-cue compound stimuli did not induce hemispheric asymmetry of brain waves induced by the above-described electrode points. No significant differences in global and local responses were determined during processing of post-cue compound stimuli. Under pre-cue conditions, significant differences were observed in N1 and P3 in the above-mentioned electrode points （P 〈 0.05）. However, under post-cue conditions, no significant differences were observed in N1 and P3 using the above-mentioned electrode points. Significant differences in early waves （N1 and P1） using the above-mentioned electrode points were detected between anterior and posterior brain regions, regardless of consistent or inconsistent, large or small letters （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Cue location effected mechanisms underlying global and local processing of compound stimuli. Pre- or post-cue conditions resulted in differences in hemispheric symmetry, cue consistency, and global and local features. Under pre-cue conditions, hemispheric dominance was detected in global and local processing following compound stimuli. Under post-cue conditions, hemispheric dominance was not determined.
基金supported the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21801139)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20180942)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Nantong University (No. 03083004)the large instruments open foundation of Nantong university (1No. KFJN1814)
文摘Supramolecular polymers, which combined of the supramolecular chemistry and polymer science, are constructed from monomers together by reversible noncovalent interactions. Supramolecular polymers in aqueous solution are especially important due to their superior biocompatibility and environmental adaptation, which determined they have wide applications in various areas, such as drug delivery, selfhealing, shape memory. Macrocyclic compounds, such as cyclodextrins, calixarenes, cucurbiturils and pillar[n]arenes, are the most used building blocks in the preparation of supramolecular polymers.Macrocycle-based supramolecular polymers, which introduce the host-guest interaction in the system,endow these polymers with interesting and smart physical-chemical properties. In this review, we summarized recent studies about supramolecular polymers in aqueous solution based on macrocyclic compounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21271176,21472196,21521062,21501183)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2012YQ120060)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB 12010400)
文摘Organometallic conjugated complexes have become an important type of stimuli-responsive materials because of their appealing electrochemical properties and rich photonic, electronic, and magnetic properties. They are potentially useful in a wide range of applications such as molecular wires, molecular switches, molecular machines, molecular memory, and optoelectronic detections. This review outlines the recent progress on the molecular design of carbometalated ruthenium and osmium complexes and their applications as redox-responsive materials with visible and near-infrared(NIR) absorptions and electron paramagnetic resonance as readout signals. Three molecule systems are introduced, including the symmetric diruthenium complexes, metal-amine conjugated bi-center system, and multi-center redox-active organometallic compounds. Because of the presence of a metal-carbon bond on each metal component and strong electronic coupling between redox sites, these compounds display multiple reversible redox processes at low potentials and each redox state possesses significantly different physical and chemical properties. Using electrochemical potentials as input signals, these materials show reversible NIR absorption spectral changes, making them potentially useful in NIR electrochromism and information storage.
