Review and prospect of comprehensive straw utilization and government policy in China

The comprehensive use and efficient management of straw are significant for agriculture's green and low carbon transformation.This paper uses literature research and comparative analysis to systematically review the literature on comprehensive straw utilization and governance policy research in China over the past five years.The current literature has explored two major directions:regional and industrial policies and the main actors involved in the comprehensive use of straw.The research is complementary and fruitful concerning both micro and macro perspectives;however,the extant literature suffers from a lack of attention to straw intermediaries and enterprises and a lack of research across time.Therefore,this paper provides an outlook for future research.In the future,scholars should pay more attention to straw intermediaries and enterprises,conduct continuous observations of multiple regions over time to obtain panel data,and further test the heterogeneity of factors to obtain more scientific and valid results.

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Research of Goal Attainment of Green Transportation Development Policy —Take Dongguan “Motorcycle Ban” Policy as an Example

Launching the evaluation research of green transportation can grasp the green transportation implementation accurately and diagnose the existing problems. From the perspective of green transportation, this research chose Dongguan “motorcycle ban” policy as the research object, and constructed secondary evaluation index system in transportation and environmental harmony, transportation and future harmony, transportation and society harmony, transportation and resource harmony, four dimensions. Then it used fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model to do the evaluation and found that the policy’s positive effect on the Dongguan green transportation development was average. Finally, based on the evaluation results, measures and advices were proposed.

Assessing effect of grassland resources policies using AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation:A case study of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China

In order to quantitatively analyze grassland resources policies of Ningxia,the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to establish the evaluation index system,and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was adopted to make a comprehensive evaluation.The results indicated that the current grassland resources policies in Ningxia are in upper-middle level,and the relevant policies need to be improved.Finally,the corresponding suggestions were put forward in the hope of promoting the sustainable development of grassland resources in Ningxia.

Tackling China’s Pension Fund Payment Crisis:Will the “Two-Child Policy” Be the Answer?——An example with the basic pension insurance program for urban employees

Based on the reality that 29 Chinese provinces have already implemented the policy allowing a couple to raise a second child if either parent is an only child, this paper provides an empirical study on the effect of this policy on the financial status of the social pooling fund of basic pension insurance for urban employees. Our study suggests the followings. First, under the previous unchanged family planning policy, current deficits and cumulative deficits will occur in the social pooling fund in the year 2047 and 2063 respectively. Second, if lO% to 50% of qualified couples choose to raise a second child, the financial status of the social pooling fund will improve; relative to the previous unchanged family planning policy, the contribution ratio can decrease from 20% to the range between 18.06% and 19.57% without causing any changes to the original financial status of income and expenditure. Third, if the percentage of couples choosing to raise a second child rises to 60% to 100%, the contribution ratio can even decrease to the range between 16.55% and 17. 7% without causing any changes to the financial status as under the previous unchanged family planning policy. The above conclusions have all passed the sensitivity test. Therefore, the ＂two-child policy＂ for qualified couples is favorable to alleviating the payment pressures of pension insurance but the policy effectiveness is subject to fertility desire and the intensity of government implementation.

Seizures Related to Two-child Policy:A Case Report

From 1979 to 2012,the Chinese government implemented the one-child policy to control population growth.In 2013,families in which either parent was the only one child were allowed to apply for a second child.In 2016,China’s universal two-child policy was finally imposed.As such,many children who had always been the center of their family’s universe due to the unique family structure stemming from the one-child policy era became elder siblings during their adolescence.We report a case of a 9-year-old girl who developed seizures after the birth of her younger sister.The combination of clinical observation,laboratory examinations,and video-electroencephalography was not enough to make a confident diagnosis of epilepsy initially.Given her patient history and follow-up investigation,we speculated the two-child policy was related to her seizures.To our knowledge,this is the first report of seizures strongly related to the two-child policy.

The Influence of the Two-child Policy on Urbanization in China

Family planning has been China's basic national policy since 1980, but it changed from a onechild policy to a two-child policy at the end of 2015 as which will further stimulate the rapid growth of China's population and have a profound impact on the population structure and land use in China. Based on the forecast of total population change in national and provincial dimensions after the two -child policy, the paper forecasted the spatial pattern of China's population and provincial differentiation over the next 15 years, and discussed the far-reaching impact on the future urban and rural land use and planning. Conclusions as follows: the two-child policy will achieve rapid population growth in the next 5 years, then there will be a stable growth phase;the peak of China's population increase will occur in 2030 with a total population of about 1.55 billion people, which will continue the regional differentiation of urbanization, and urbanization level in southeastern region will remain generally higher than that of the northwest. In addition, population growth brings new demands in urban and rural construction land, therefore, more intensive use of land will be the inevitable choice for the future development for China.

Study on the Influence of the the Universal Two-childPolicy on China＇s Pension Payment

In the face of the continuous decline in the birth rate and the aging of the peak of aging, following the implementation of the ＂Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Some Major Issues＂ adopted by the Filth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on November 15, 2013, the party is the only child. Female couples can have a policy of giving birth to two children. On October 29, 2015, China introduced the ＂two-child policy＂, completely replacing the ＂one-child policy＂ that has been implemented in China for more than 30 years. The ＂two-child comprehensive＂ can alleviate the unfavorable population trend that plagues China＇s social security system to a certain extent. Optimize the age structure of the population and increase the supply of labor. However, for a long time, the financial distress and management dilemma faced by China＇s pension payment still exist, and the loose population birth policy will have a great impact on reducing pension payment, and will gradually appear in the policy implementation. This article combines the ＂comprehensive two-child＂ policy, focusing on the role of the new population birth policy to alleviate the pressure on China＇s pension.

A Study of the Universal Two-child Policy’s Impact on China’s Future Population

The most essential step in adjusting and improving the childbearing policy, the universal two-child policy will produce far-reaching impacts on the future development of China’s population. With its implementation, the country’s total population will peak later, the underage population and its proportion will increase substantially, the working-age population will experience a slower decline, and the aging of China’s population will be eased. However, the drop in the proportion of working-age people over the last 15 years has expedited the reduction of the demographic dividend, the elderly population will remain unaffected over the next 60 years, the aging of the population will continue to deepen, and at the same time, the increased child dependency burden will expand the overall dependency ratio.

The employment impact analysis of Full-scale two-child policy for career women

With the development of China＇s childbearing policy changes in recent years, it causes effects to women＇s social life. Based on the questionnaire survey of influencing factors about professional women＇s intention of second child birth and with two child policy was carry out as the background, summed up the three major factors influencing the working women fertility fertility intention, emotional factors and external security. At the same time using the structural equation model, studies the impact of the influence factors to the career development of working women. The conclusion is that childbearing willing has little effects on the professional women in Shanghai, emotional factors and external security has certain impact on women＇ s employment.

Construction of PE Guiding Framework based on the Enhancement of the Comprehensive Quality

College physical education located at the last stage of school physical education, it is not only related to comprehensively promote and enhance the overall quality of students’ physical and mental quality education, but also related to the quality of higher education and the implementation of personnel training ＇ tness activities. However, for a long time, due to the historical and social impact of many factors, college physical education work is far from being universally recognized. College physical course consists of theoretical physical education class and sports practical classes composed of only two courses in order to achieve common development goals college physical education. At present, although the theory of physical education teaching experts made a number of proposals for reform, but did not form a complete teaching system, which leads to the problem of teaching the theory of college sports programs still cannot get solved. We studied sports teaching evaluation system, describes the theoretical basis for building efficient sports teaching appraisal system, and analyzes the constituent elements of the evaluation system.

Effects of the New Two-child Policy On Family Old-age Security

This paper analyzes the current situation of the aging population and low fertility rate.lt is found that the aging process is accelerated, the population growth potential is decreased, and the elderly dependency ratio is higher.Secondly, this paper mainly analyzes the impact of the new two-child policy on family pension security from three aspects： population policy, family support and social security.There are two aspects of the effects, the positive effects are：improve fertility, reduce elderly dependency ratio, relieve population aging,enhance the family development： the negative effects are： tremendous pressure on public resources, further inequality in birth right, heavy economic pressure on the family.At last. this paper puts forward the constructive countermeasures against the problems of the policy and the was out of the family old-age security.

电子商务进农村综合示范政策对县域农业增长的影响研究

本文利用2000—2019年我国县域数据,采用多期DID等方法探讨了电子商务进农村综合示范政策对县域农业发展水平的影响。研究结果显示,电子商务进农村综合示范政策对县域农业经济发展水平提高具有显著的促进作用,且这种促进作用具有长期效应。这一结果在考虑实验组非随机分配、更换因变量和调整样本后仍然稳健。电子商务进农村综合示范政策主要通过农业产业集聚、农业金融服务改善两个途径对县域农业发展水平产生影响。异质性分析表明,电子商务进农村综合示范政策对粮食主产区、经济欠发达地区、地形平缓地区的农业发展水平的促进作用更强。因此,应重视农村电子商务发展对推进乡村全面振兴、促进共同富裕的重要作用,政府要在农村电子商务带头人培训、电子商务基础设施建设、农业产业集聚的产业空间布局规划等方面发挥作用,注重数字普惠金融与县域农业发展的融合,强化数字普惠金融的支持力度。

基于近端策略优化算法的燃料电池混合动力系统综合价值损耗最小能量管理方法

为了降低市域动车组燃料电池混合动力系统运行燃料经济成本,提升燃料电池耐久性,该文提出一种基于近端策略优化算法的能量管理方法。该方法将混合动力系统能量管理问题建模为马尔可夫决策过程,以综合考虑燃料经济性和燃料电池耐久性的综合价值损耗最小为优化目标设置奖励函数,采用一种收敛速度较快的深度强化学习算法—近端策略优化算法求解,实现负载功率在燃料电池和锂电池间的合理有效分配,最后,采用市域动车组实际运行工况进行实验验证。实验结果表明,在训练工况下,所提方法相较基于等效氢耗最小能量管理方法和基于Q-learning能量管理方法,综合价值损耗分别降低19.71%和5.87%;在未知工况下,综合价值损耗分别降低18.05%和13.52%。结果表明,所提方法能够有效降低综合价值损耗,并具有较好的工况适应性。

高考综合改革政策实施效果评估:基于大型问卷调查数据

高考综合改革注重顶层设计、问题导向、试点先行、多元参与,逐步进入全面实施的新阶段,而政策评估贯穿于政策执行的全过程。基于对改革省份的长周期、大规模跟踪评估调查发现,新高考基本实现了既定改革目标,并产生了一定的政策溢出效应。随着高考政策的逐步优化,人民群众对高考的满意度和获得感稳步提升,而高考制度的统一性与多样性并存问题则成为当下教育治理的难题。未来高考改革需进一步增强系统性、整体性和协同性,加强国家和地方层面的资源投入与政策统筹协调。

地方特色发展政策动员、情境式行动及效能评价——N市S镇“万亩良田整治工程”过程分析

政策动员对于提升地方治理能力具有重要作用。本文追踪N市S镇“万亩良田整治工程”推进特色发展政策落地、空间重构到模式示范的过程,依据“过程-情境”叙事范式,建构“调适-稳定”的分析框架,阐释地方政府政策动员的过程机制和演变逻辑。研究发现,地方政府实施政策动员需依据行政、市场和社会三重逻辑,推进议题协商,构建实践共同体,完成地方情境化的政策调适和议题改造,达成政策框架内多重组织行动系统的稳定态势。政策动员需以制度创新和整合社会资源为载体,迎合“有效”与“合法”双重逻辑,运用调适策略构建稳定的政策共生机制,推动区域性集体行动的达成,实现基层治理效能提升。此外,本文进一步揭示了政策动员在地方特色产业发展框架下的现实策略和典型模式,完善了地方治理政策实践建构的过程性理论研究。

易地搬迁后续扶持政策效果评价与影响因素--基于西部10省1297户的实地调查数据

易地搬迁后续扶持工作既是助力搬迁群众稳定增收、加速社会融合、化解致贫返贫风险的关键,更是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接、推进实现共同富裕的核心要义。基于西部10省1297户农户的微观调查数据,采用主成分分析法和工具变量分位数回归模型,综合评估后续扶持政策成效并进行区域优先序评价,进而剖析后续扶持政策效果的影响因素,并立足情景化的个体生存状态,从多维视角探寻政策实施效果的异质性及其成因。研究发现:第一,后续扶持政策效益存在显著地区差异,大致呈现“西北高西南低”的空间分布特征;第二,非农生计、社会资本和内生动力是政策效果得以跃升的关键;第三,进一步讨论得知,农户收入层级与政策效益呈正相关关系,且安置区类型、社会资本差异和性别差异均会影响后续扶持政策效益的稳定性。为此,各地后续扶持工作应完善升级安置区配套基础和公共服务设施;多管齐下加快发展主导产业,加快推进群众经济社会融入步伐;激活群众自我发展内生动力;出台和优化差异化的后续扶持政策,增加搬迁群众的主观福利。

我国物流业发展历程及未来展望--借鉴日本七次《综合物流施策大纲》

物流业在我国经济社会发展中发挥的支撑和带动作用越发重要。近年来,我国连续发布了一系列政策以促进和规范物流业的发展。本文回顾了我国物流业发展历程,梳理出农产品冷链物流、应急物流、绿色物流和智慧物流等重点领域物流政策及阶段特征,深度剖析了我国物流业政策支持的现状与不足,并借鉴日本七次《综合物流施策大纲》制定、实施评价以及PDCA管理模式的成功经验,结合我国高质量发展要求,指明我国物流业发展方向,针对未来我国制定新版《物流业发展中长期规划》等提出具体建议。

煤矸石综合利用技术现状与标准体系研究

煤矸石是煤炭开采和选煤过程中产生的主要废弃物,在我国西北地区产生量巨大。由于缺乏有效的综合利用,大量煤矸石无法消纳,只能就地堆存,占用了大量土地资源的同时也带来环境污染和生态破坏的风险,因此,探索建立煤矸石的综合利用技术体系,并配套完善的技术标准体系至关重要。本文对我国近十年来煤矸石产生和利用情况进行分析,并调研当前国内煤矸石综合利用技术现状和标准体系,分析总结出制约我国煤矸石综合利用技术发展存在的问题,包括无法支撑大规模消纳需求、缺乏技术标准体系支撑、技术区域特征明显、不利于复制推广等;针对技术推广过程中缺乏技术规范及标准的情况,总结当前煤矸石综合利用领域标准现状,提出当前标准体系中存在的问题,包括缺乏污染防控标准体系、缺乏综合利用技术规范等。通过上述分析,为煤矸石综合利用行业提出相应的建议,旨在为煤矸石综合利用技术体系的发展方向和标准体系的完善提供参考和借鉴,以实现煤矸石更加高效、安全和环保的综合利用。

黄土高原退牧还草工程实施成效认知评价——以甘肃省环县为例

【目的】全面评估退牧还草工程实施以来黄土高原区域所取成效与面临问题,优化后续工程的实施。【方法】以黄土高原区的甘肃省环县为例,开展退牧还草工程实施成效认知评价。通过实地考察、入户调查和访问座谈,结合管理部门、实施对象的意见和建议,从退牧还草工程特点出发,构建基于层次分析(AHP)-模糊综合评价法的评估模型,对实施成效认知进行了评估。【结果】黄土高原区退牧还草项目农牧民认可度高,实施成效综合得分75.94,处于中等偏上水平,在生态修复方面取得了较好成就,对当地经济建设起到了促进作用。【结论】建议后期工程实施中加大对实施必要性的宣传,让生态保护观念更深入人心,结合社会变迁的情况,辅以科技支撑、产业结构调整、政策导向等方式,促进新时期黄土高原类似地区的生态建设与高质量发展。

基于政策范式理论的国家中医药综合改革示范区建设方案评价

目的评价我国7个国家中医药综合改革示范区的建设方案,提出优化策略,为推进示范区建设提供参考。方法对7份示范区建设方案进行政策语义分析、政策工具分析、政策量化评估。结果各省市示范区建设方案侧重点不同。政策工具运用以供给型和环境型工具为主。7份建设方案PMC指数得分均值为7.71,“实施步骤”PMC指数得分最低。结论国家中医药综合改革示范区建设方案区域特色不明显,建设方案拉力不足,目标不够细化。建议各省市根据实际建设具有地域特色的示范区,供给侧与需求侧合力促进示范区建设,同时需明确示范区建设方案的目标与实施步骤。