Does Industry-University-Research Cooperation Matter? An Analysis of Its Coupling Effect on Regional Innovation and Economic Development

The dislocation between regional innovation and economic development directly influences the economic effect of regional innovation. However, no in-depth researches have been made on how to solve this problem. Using data from Henan Province, China,employing geographical detector technology, this paper focuses on testing whether the industry-university-research cooperation can contribute to coordinating the relation between regional innovation and economic development. It is shown that: 1) the industry-universityresearch cooperation in Henan Province is increasing gradually, and the network presents a core-edge structure, and the coupling degree between regional innovation and economic development is spatially unbalanced, which is similar to the spatial distribution of the intensity of industry-university-research cooperation;2) as an important approach to effectively connect scientific researches with market demands, the industry-university-research cooperation can help form an interactive, interconnected, coupled and coordinated virtuous relation between regional innovation and economic development. Compared with the cooperation between organizations of the same type and the separate innovation of organizations, the improvement of the industry-university-research cooperation level can better coordinate the relation between regional innovation and economic development;3) the cooperative innovation model between enterprises and universities can better promote the coupling between regional innovation and economic development, compared with many industryuniversity-research cooperation models. For underdeveloped areas lacking local knowledge base, industry-university-research cooperation should be considered as a long-term development strategy, especially using the knowledge sources of external universities and scientific research institutions to enhance innovation capability and achieve economic growth.

Regional Financial Development and Regional Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis of Suzhou City, China

There are many defects in researches on the relationship of the regional financial development (FD) and economic growth of China, such as simply assuming the causality direction, not highlighting financial institution, using incomplete financial indicator, etc. This article, taking Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province, China as a case, builds a simple model to study the level of FD from three aspects of financial scale, structure and institution. Three original indicators of PRIVY (private investment/aggregate investment), DEPTH (aggregate loan/GDP) and FDIVG (FDI/GDP) are used to construct the FD economic indicator through Principal Component Analysis approach. Then we use Granger method to analyze the relationship between the FD and the economic growth of Suzhou. Empirical test results show that the FD of Suzhou is the Granger reason of economic growth, while economic growth is not the reason for FD, because the relationship between the FD and the economic growth of Suzhou is just in the ″supply-leading″ period. In terms of Suzhou experiences, the local government should strengthen the protection of private investment, improve the institutional environment, and establish the reasonable financial structure. So we can concluded that FD could play a great role in promoting economic growth at the economy takeoff stage.

Comprehensive Evaluation on the Level of Agricultural Economic Development in Hubei Province Based on Principal Component Analysis

[Objectives]Hubei Province has a superior geographical location,and is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,with pleasant climate and abundant natural resources.It is an important province of population,agriculture and resources in China.[Methods]Based on the data of Statistical Yearbook of Hubei 2018,the agricultural economic indicators of the cities and prefectures in Hubei Province were analyzed with principal component analysis method by using SPSS19.0.[Results]The comprehensive scores and rankings of the agricultural economic development level of the 17 cities and prefectures in Hubei Province were obtained.They were divided into four agricultural development levels.[Conclusions]According to the analysis results,corresponding policy recommendations were put forward to promote the development of agricultural economy in Hubei Province.

Relation between Economic Development Level and Resource and Environment Carrying Capacity of Central Area of Yunnan Province Based on Decoupling Analysis

Based on the decoupiing theory and method, an indicator system was built for the relation between economic development level and resource and environment carrying capacity. And the study was carried out on decoupling degree and temporal changes of economic development level and resource and environment carrying ca- pacity in the central area of Yunnan Province. Results indicated that （i） the economic development level and resource and environment carrying capacity in the central area of Yunnan Province mainly experienced strong decoupling, weak decoupling, and ex- pansive negative coupling, and in general it was strong decoupling, and it took on re- verse ＂N＂ in temporal changes. （ii） Change rate of economic development level in the central area of Yunnan Province was greater than zero, but the amplitude of change was not large, while the change rate of resource and environment carrying capacity was negative in 2007-2008, and it was positive in the rest years; from 2007, it took on gradual expansion trend, and scissors difference gradually increased after experi- encing reverse ＂V＂ change. （iii） The strong decoupling was the main situation and it reached the peak value in T5 period and T6 pedod.

Education Investment Fixed Asset Investment and Regional Economic Development Differences--Empirical analysis based on Chinese

In this article,it discusses the di£ferences in economic development between urban and rural areas and regions in our country from the perspective of education investment and fixed asset investment.Based on the provincial data of 31 provinces from 1999 to 2017 released by National Bureau of Statistics,it expends the Cobb-Douglas model and Lucas model,and analyses the data with multiple linear regression models.From the study,it finds that compared with investment in fixed assets,investment in education has a larger role in promoting economic development,which is more obvious in the underdeveloped central and western regions and rural areas.However,at the same time it needs to note that the positive effects of education investment will be restricted by the economic structure and policy environment,and education expenditure policies should also be implemented in accordance with time and local conditions.

AN APPROACH TO QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC LINKS──A Case Study on Economic Links Between Su-Xi-Chang Region and Shanghai

Aimed at promoting regional editions and expanding the approach to economic links,this Paper puts forward some new concepts such as link intensity and receiving coefficinet, exounds expounds the indexes of quantitative analysis of economic links and establishes the quantitative-analysis model of economic links. With help of the model, this paper calculates the values of the link intensities between Su-Xi-Chang (Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou) region and Shanghai, and analyzes the regional difference of the economic links.

Comparative Research on the Economic Development of Xinjiang i n the Perspective of Development of the West Regions

In the context of Development of the West Regions, by using the annual data from 1999 to 2009 in whole China and 12 provinces of the western regions, we analyze the achievements of socio-economic development of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 1999 to 2009 as follows: the economic aggregate has increased prominently and the growth rate is increasing ceaselessly; the primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry develop evenly, and the industrial structure is incessantly optimized; the quality of economic growth is promoted increasingly and the living standard of people is improved greatly; the primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry stride in tandem, and the momentum of growth is strong. We conduct horizontal comparison on the main economic indicators of Xinjiang, 12 provinces of the western regions and whole China, which include GDP and its growth rate, investment of fixed assets, structure of the primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry, the industrial added value, GDP per capita, gross retail sales of social consumption, export and import trade, net income per capita of peasants and herdsmen, and general budget revenue. The result shows that although the implementation of the strategy of Development of the West Regions and the economic development of Xinjiang have achieved some remarkable results, there is a conspicuous gap in comparison with the expected effect. The problems existing in the operation of Xinjiang's economy are analyzed as follows: the industrial level is low, and the economic growth mode is yet to be transformed; the disposable income per capita of urban residents grows slowly, and the increasing gap between the urban areas and rural areas has no trend of dwindling; the investment aggregate is very low, and the momentum of economic growth is short. In order to make the central government and 19 provinces and cities offer pointed aid for Xinjiang, promote the implementation of new strategic development of Western China, and promote the better economic development of Xinjiang in the period of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, we put forward some feasible suggestions as follows: Xinjiang should grasp favorable opportunities and quicken the pace of industrial structural adjustment; continue to open up to the outside world unswervingly, and improve investment environment ceaselessly; strive to maintain the continuous and rapid development of economy, and improve the living standard of people.

Emergy-based study on eco-economic system of arid and semi-arid region:a case of Gansu province,China

Taking Gansu province as a model case,this study provides an integrated analysis on the eco-economic system of arid and semi-arid region based on emergy synthesis theory. Through calculating the values of renewable emergy flow,non-renewable resources,imported emergy,exported emergy,waste emergy,and total emergy during the period of 1978-2007,the performance of Gansu eco-economic system was analyzed. The results indicated that the renewable emergy flow within the province basically remained steady state which was estimated at 2.99×1022 solar emjoules (sej) from 1978 to 2007. The imported emergy and exported emergy were estimated at 3.75×1017 sej and 2.99×1020 sej in 1978 and increased to 1.07×1022 sej and 1.44×1022 sej respectively in 2007. The nonrenewable emergy flow was estimated at 1.62×1022 sej and increased to 1.85×1023 sej,with annual growth rate of 8.7%,while the estimated total emergy was 4.58×1022 sej in 1978 and increased to 2.11×1023 sej in 2007,with annual growth rate of 5.41%. Our results indicate a deteriorate situation between economic development and environmental protection in the region. The rapid economic growth in the past thirty years was based on a great consumption of nonrenewable resource and caused continuous decrease in the capacity of sustainable development. The environmental loading ratio was 0.53 in 1978,increased to 6.06 in 2007,indicating a rapid degradation of the regional environment quality. We calculated that the actual population was 1.53 times the renewable resource population in 1978,increased to 7.06 times in 2007. During the period of 1978-2007,the emergy rose from 2.45×1015 sej/(capita·a) to 8.07×1015 sej/(capita·a). Our analysis revealed that the emergy density presented a trend of gradual increase,and then the emergy currency ratio in Gansu decreased from 7.08×1013 sej/Chinese Yuan to 7.82×1012 sej/Chinese Yuan.

Analyzing Differences between Online Learner Groups during the COVID-19 Pandemic through K-Prototype Clustering

Online learning is a very important means of study, and has been adopted in many countries worldwide. However, only recently are researchers able to collect and analyze massive online learning datasets due to the COVID-19 epidemic. In this article, we analyze the difference between online learner groups by using an unsupervised machine learning technique, i.e., k-prototypes clustering. Specifically, we use questionnaires designed by domain experts to collect various online learning data, and investigate students’ online learning behavior and learning outcomes through analyzing the collected questionnaire data. Our analysis results suggest that students with better learning media generally have better online learning behavior and learning result than those with poor online learning media. In addition, both in economically developed or undeveloped regions, the number of students with better learning media is less than the number of students with poor learning media. Finally, the results presented here show that whether in an economically developed or an economically undeveloped region, the number of students who are enriched with learning media available is an important factor that affects online learning behavior and learning outcomes.

中国八大综合经济区OFDI差异特征及影响因素

近年来,中国在全球对外直接投资中的影响力不断扩大,已成为一个名副其实的对外直接投资大国,但中国不同区域对外直接投资(OFDI)存在显著差异。以中国八大综合经济区为研究单元,利用2008—2017年OFDI流量和存量数据,运用面板数据模型,在分析八大综合经济区OFDI差异特征的基础上对其形成机理进行探究。结果表明:(1)2008—2017年间,全国OFDI整体上呈现波动加速上升趋势,不同区域的增速差距较大;(2)OFDI高度集中于沿海经济区,与其他经济区差距悬殊;(3)通过泰尔指数得出八大综合经济区间和区内差异仍存在,不同区域差异贡献率不同,但逐步趋向良性均衡发展;(4)造成中国对外直接投资出现差异性特征的因素主要有地区生产总值、城镇非私营单位就业人员平均工资、专利授权数、外商直接投资额(滞后一期)。

Building and Environment

https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/building-and-environment/vol/172/suppl/C Volume 172,April 2020(1)City-scale single family residential building energy consumption prediction using genetic algorithm-based Numerical Moment Matching technique,by Elham Jahani,Kristen Cetin,In Ho Cho,Article 106667Abstract:Grow ing energy consumption in urban areas has increased the importance of planning for future energy systems.

中国八大综合经济区数字经济发展水平测度、区域差异和收敛性研究

当前,区域间数字经济发展不平衡问题显现,过大的数字经济发展差异制约着区域经济的协同发展。运用熵值法、基尼系数分解法以及收敛模型,考察了中国八大综合经济区2010—2021年数字经济发展情况、区域差异及其收敛性。研究发现:我国数字经济发展水平整体呈现上升趋势,八大综合经济区数字经济发展水平也均实现了增长,但各地区之前数字经济发展空间差异较大;全国数字经济发展的总体差异呈下降趋势,北部沿海地区的区域内部差异最大,长江中游的区域内部差异最小;全国以及东北地区、北部沿海地区、南部沿海经济区均存在σ收敛特征;全国与北部沿海地区、东部沿海地区、长江中游地区、西南地区、西北经济区数字经济发展均存在绝对β收敛,但收敛速度不一。研究结论为分析八大综合经济区数字经济时空格局提供依据,对促进区域经济协调发展具有政策启示。

中国新质生产力水平测度及其对经济高质量发展的影响效应

根据新质生产力的理论内涵,本文从实体性和渗透性两个维度构建新质生产力综合评价指标体系,借助2012—2022年省级面板数据测度了中国新质生产力水平,并进一步探讨了新质生产力对经济高质量发展的影响。研究表明:在时序演变方面,中国新质生产力的总体水平及其构成要素的分项发展水平均呈现稳步上升的趋势;在空间分布方面,中国四大地区的新质生产力发展水平存在差异性,但差距正在不断缩小;在因果关系方面,新质生产力能显著促进经济的高质量发展,在处理内生性问题后结论依然成立。此外,空间杜宾模型估计结果显示,新质生产力对经济高质量发展不仅存在直接促进作用,而且存在显著的空间溢出效应。

数字金融与区域经济发展的耦合协调性测度及其动态演进

以中国八大综合经济区为例,运用耦合协调度模型分析数字金融对区域经济发展的耦合协调关系,并基于Dagum基尼系数与Kernel核密度揭示数字金融与区域经济发展之间协调关系的地区差异及动态演进规律。结果表明:八大综合经济区的经济发展水平总体呈现稳定增长态势,具有“东高西低”阶梯形的异质性和阶段性特征;数字金融与区域经济发展之间协调发展水平逐年提升,八大综合经济区普遍由失调阶段跨入协调阶段;数字金融与区域经济发展之间协调关系存在明显的地区差异,沿海经济区的协调水平明显高于内陆经济区,但地区间协调程度的差距呈现逐渐缩小的演进态势。

数实融合与经济高质量发展耦合协调的时空演进及差异分析

数实融合是中国共产党二十大报告的明确要求,对助推经济高质量发展具有重要作用。从基础融合、创新融合、应用融合、效益融合和生态融合5个维度构建中国数实融合发展评价指标体系,基于2010-2021年中国30个省区市的面板数据,对数实融合、经济高质量发展及二者的耦合协调水平进行测算,并运用核密度估计和Dagum基尼系数法对其时空演进与区域差异进行了研究。结果表明:各省耦合协调水平总体不断提升;在研究期内,耦合协调度较低的地区上升幅度较大,呈现追赶趋势,但增长速率逐步放缓。全国范围内,耦合协调水平呈先集聚后分散的趋势,虽差距逐步缩小,但已经出现多级分化特征;不同区域的耦合协调水平演进呈现不同趋势。数实融合与经济高质量发展的耦合协调区域差异有所缓解,主要差异来源于区域间差距。东部地区省份之间的耦合协调水平差距最大,与其他地区之间的耦合协调发展水平差距也最为显著。

绿色金融发展与经济绿色转型:系统耦合及动态演进

要实现“碳达峰”与“碳中和”双目标必须加快经济绿色转型,绿色金融发展是经济绿色转型的重要工具,经济绿色转型为绿色金融发展提供更多的应用空间,两者相互影响。在绿色金融发展与经济绿色转型的理论内涵与耦合机理分析基础上,构建绿色金融发展与经济绿色转型的综合评价指标体系,并基于2011—2020年的省级面板数据,采用熵值赋权法和系统耦合协调度模型测度二者的系统耦合度和协调度,然后进一步采用Dagum基尼系数测算了系统耦合协调度的区域差异及其来源,采用Kernel核密度估计和马尔科夫链分析方法探究系统耦合协调度的动态演进趋势。研究结果表明,虽然样本期内我国绿色金融发展与经济绿色转型的整体水平依然偏低,但二者均呈上升趋势,而且二者相互促进、同步发展的趋势愈发明显。绿色金融发展与经济绿色转型的系统耦合协调度表现出明显的区域差异性,东部地区的系统耦合协调度水平最高,中部次之,西部最低,地区内差异和地区间差异是系统耦合协调度区域差异的主要来源,东部和西部的地区内差异逐渐扩大。各省绿色金融发展与经济绿色转型的系统耦合协调度虽然存在状态转移的可能性,但保持原状态概率较大。

探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)在区域旅游经济差异性及对策制定中的应用研究

随着区域旅游经济的加速发展,京津冀区域内旅游经济差异性问题变得越来越突出.旅游业作为当地经济的一个重要支柱,其协同发展的模式和效率直接关系到整个地区经济的平衡性和竞争力.为探究京津冀地区旅游经济发展的差异性,并以此为基础制定有效的发展策略,采用探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)方法对2012-2022年的各市旅游总收入数据进行分析,揭示空间相关性和差异性.全局莫兰值从2012年的-0.035 3增长至2022年的0.004 3,显示出从低水平的空间离散性转向空间集聚性的趋势.局部空间自相关性分析指出:北京和廊坊地区表现出较大的空间离散性,而天津则显示出与邻近地区的强正相关性,意味着整个区域在旅游发展水平上的差异正逐步缩小.通过LISA集聚图进一步识别了不同地区的空间集聚模式,指出北京和天津的辐射作用正在逐步增强.研究建议地方政府根据空间结构演变的实际情况,制定差异化且协同的区域旅游经济发展策略,优化旅游增长极和整合资源,推动旅游业在整个京津冀区域的均衡发展.

低碳转型能否推动区域协调发展?——来自“低碳城市”建设的经验证据

实施区域协调发展战略是实现共同富裕,推进中国式现代化的关键路径。基于2006-2019年中国243个地级及以上城市的面板数据,运用双重差分法系统考察了低碳转型对区域协调发展的影响及其作用机制,研究发现:低碳城市建设能显著缩小非中心城市与中心城市的经济差距,而且对于整体发展水平较低、工业依赖型和距离中心城市较近的城市,在缩小与中心城市的经济差距方面有更明显的影响。低碳城市建设缩小区域经济差距的主要传导机制来自城市产业低碳转型、技术创新能力的增强与人力资本的流入。这意味着低碳转型有助于实现“碳中和”与区域协调发展的“双赢”目标。为统筹推进绿色低碳发展和共同富裕,要建立绿色低碳转型的区域协作机制,加快产业绿色低碳升级改造,以低碳转型为契机加强人才引进等。

我国中西部地区经济高质量发展水平测度与区域差异比较

了解中西部地区经济高质量发展水平现状,进一步分析各地区经济高质量发展水平存在差异的原因,对加快推动中西部地区经济高质量发展具有重要意义。基于五大新发展理念,构建经济高质量发展水平评价指标体系,采用熵值法,对中西部地区156个地级市的经济高质量发展水平进行测度,并通过Dagum基尼系数、耦合协调度模型与Moran’s I指数,探究西部地区经济高质量发展水平的差异性及其原因。研究结果表明:中西部地区整体的经济高质量发展水平呈不断上升趋势,但仍处于较低水平,其中,中部地区的经济高质量发展水平高于西部地区,且两地区之间的发展水平有进一步被拉大的趋势。经济高质量发展水平差距主要来源于区域内差异,且五大新发展理念在互动过程中存在着严重失调的情况,会严重制约经济高质量发展水平的提升。对此,应持续坚持区域协调发展战略,提高地区创新水平,有效推动地区发展之间的良性互动。

自贸区制度创新网络联动的空间溢出效应——以长三角地区为例

以长三角的上海自贸区和浙江自贸区为例,采用2008—2019年包括其所在城市及周边47个地级市的面板数据,首先采用空间社会网络分析方法筛选处理组与控制组,然后分别构建政策综合视角下的异质性双重差分模型(Heterogeneous DID)和政策空间分割视角下的三重差分模型(DDD),深入考察评估“双自贸区之间的制度创新空间联动”对区域经济发展的溢出叠加效应。研究发现:不仅自贸区各自的制度创新对周边区域经济发展具有显著的异质性溢出效应,而且自贸区之间的“制度创新联动”更是对中间区域的经济发展具有时空两个维度上的序贯“溢出叠加效应”;而且,定量评估还表明,中间区域受到的这种“溢出叠加效应”要远大于单一自贸区对周边地区的单纯溢出效应。进一步的异质性分析更表明:自贸区对省会城市、内陆城市、地理临近城市和大型城市经济的溢出效应更加显著。