Evaluation of water resources conserved by forests in the Hani rice terraces system of Honghe County,Yunnan,China：an application of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model

The Hani Rice Terraces System, based on gravity-flow irrigation, is one of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) pilot sites selected by FAO in 2010. The water resource plays an important role in the sustainable development of this system. The value of water conserved by the forest is influenced by natural, economic and social factors. In this paper, the water quality, per capita water resources, per capita GDP and population density are chosen as indices to construct an index system for a comprehensive evaluation of water resources value. The weights of these indices are 0.443, 0.31, 0.141 and 0.106 respectively, which are determined by the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method. The water resources value has been assessed by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. The results show that the water resources value in the Hani Rice Terraces System is 4.25 RMB/m^3. Evaluating the value of water resources in the Hani Rice Terraces System can provide a reference for ecological compensation, for raising public awareness of the importance of protecting the system, and ultimately achieving its sustainable development.

Benefits Evaluation of Water Resources Used for Ecosystem in Shiyang River Basin of Gansu Province

Among the numerous inland river basins in the arid northwest China,Shiyang River basin is known for its most serious water shortage that constrains its social and economic developments and for some of the worst ecological and environmental deterioration in China.The research on the value of water resources used for ecosystem is the basis for reasonable allocation of water resources between users of ecosystem and economic system.In this paper the concept of dynamic value for the ecosystem services is proposed.A modified coefficient for the ecosystem service value per unit area is proposed according to the cover degrees of biomes combined with expert consultation.Based on the developmental stage coefficient and scarcity of ecological resources,a dynamic evaluation method is proposed.The theoretical formula and simple calculation formula of the sharing benefits coefficient and benefits per unit ecological water utilization are proposed.The result shows that the benefit of unit ecological water utilization in the lower reach was greater than that in the upper reach in the Shiyang River basin.

Evaluation of water resources carrying capacity of Gonghe basin based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method

Gonghe Basin belongs to arid and semi-arid climatic zone, where water resource is relatively scarce and desertification is serious, so it is necessary to find out water resources carrying capacity. By using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the assessment on water resources carrying capacity in Gonghe Basin was conducted: Water resource carrying capacity of Gonghe County is less, while that of Guinan County and Chaka Town of Wulan County are greater; water resources of Gonghe Basin could sustain cultivated land of 652.6 thousand acres and grassland of 2 368.6 thousand acres respectively in 2020, water resources of Gonghe Basin could sustain cultivated land of 948.2 thousand acres and grassland of 2 247.6 thousand acres respectively in 2030.

Evaluation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Gansu Section of Yellow River Basin Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model

As a basic natural resource and strategic economic resource,the development and utilization of water resources is an important issue related to the national economy and people's livelihood.How to scientifically evaluate the water resources carrying capacity is the premise to improve the regional water resources carrying capacity and ensure the regional water security.The Gansu section of the Yellow River basin is an important water conservation and recharge area.Whether the water resources in this area can ensure the normal operation of the ecosystem and whether it can carry the sustainable development of social economy is the key to realize the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.In this study,from the three dimensions of water consumption per capita,water consumption of 10000 yuan GDP and ecological water use rate,by constructing the evaluation index system and index grading standard of water resources carrying capacity,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was used to evaluate the water resources carrying capacity of Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin,in order to provide theoretical decision-making basis for the comprehensive development,utilization and planning management of water resources in Gansu section of the Yellow River basin and even the whole basin,and help the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model for Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Tarim River Basin,Xinjiang,China

This paper explores the method of comprehensive evaluation of water resources carrying capacity and sets up an evaluation model applying the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Based on the data of nature,society,economics and water resources of the Tarim River Basin in 2002,we evaluated the water resources carrying capacity of the basin by means of the model. The results show that the comprehensive grades are 0.438 and 0.454 for Aksu and Kashi prefectures respectively,where the current water resources exploitation and utilization has reached a relative high degree and there is only a very limited water carrying capacity,0.620 for Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture,where water resources carrying capacity is much higher,and in between for Hotan Prefecture and Bayingolin Mongo-lian Autonomous Prefecture. As a whole,the comprehensive grade of the Tarim River Basin is 0.508 and the current water resources exploitation and utilization has reached a relative high degree. Thus,we suggest that the integrated management of the water resources in the basin should be strengthened in order to utilize water resources scientifically and sustainably.

Comprehensive benefit of flood resources utilization through dynamic successive fuzzy evaluation model: A case study

Taking the flood resources utilization in Baicheng, Jilin during 2002–2007 as the research background, and based on the entropy weight and multi-level & multi-objective fuzzy optimization theory, this research established a multi-level & semi-constructive index system and dynamic successive evaluation model for comprehensive benefit evaluation of regional flood resources utilization. With the year 2002 as the base year, the analyzing results showed that there existed a close positive correlation between flood utilization volume and its benefits, comprehensive evaluation value and its comparison increment. Within the six successive evaluation years, the comprehensive benefit of 2003 was the best, in which the benefit evaluation increment reached 82.8% whereas the year of 2004 was the worst, in which the increment was only 18.2%. Thus the sustainability and correctness of the evaluation were verified by six years successive evaluation and increment comparison. The analyzing results showed that the economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits of flood utilization were remarkable, and that the comprehensive benefit could be improved by increasing flood utilization capacity, which would promote the regional sustainable development as well. The established dynamic successive evaluation provides a stable theoretical basis and technical support for further flood utilization.

南疆矮化密植高产优质香梨节水灌溉模式筛选

为探讨香梨节水灌溉模式,提高水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)和产量,于2021–2022年在新疆29团5年生香梨园开展灌溉方式和灌溉定额双因素完全随机试验,设置了3种微灌方式:地表滴灌(M1)、地下滴灌(M2)、根区渗灌(M3),3种灌溉定额:低水(I1)、中水(I2)、高水(I3),以传统漫灌(CK)为对照,研究不同灌溉方式和灌溉量对土壤电导率和脱盐率、香梨生长、产量、WUE、果实品质和净效益的影响。结果表明:M2的产量和WUE最高,且可以促进香梨生长,提高果实品质以及促进盐分淋洗。M3前期的投入成本最大,但获得的净利润仅次于M2。灌溉方式相同时,增加灌溉定额有利于香梨生长、提高产量和盐分淋洗。基于主成分分析、优劣解距离法和秩和比法3种综合评价方法从环境效益、果实品质和经济效益3个方面,选取15个评价指标进行综合评价,M2I3处理综合得分最高,M1I1处理综合得分最低。因此,对矮化密植初果期的香梨进行灌溉时,推荐地下滴灌模式且生育期灌溉定额为6 750 m^(3)/hm^(2)。研究可为南疆干旱区林果业节水控盐高效生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。

协调公平与效率的“四水四定”研究Ⅰ:方法与模型

针对水资源刚性约束落地缺抓手的问题,按照以水定发展、协调定规模的理念,提出“四水四定”的分析思路和控制指标,厘清各类发展目标与水资源利用的协调关系。以公平为社会目标,以效益为经济目标,提出“尊重现状、保障刚需、效率驱动、区域均衡”的协调优化准则,建立目标函数和约束条件,构建“四水四定”多目标协调模型,以满足保障刚性需求基础上的水量高效流转,确定发展规模和水量分配方案。模型选取人均GDP最大实现效率驱动,使有限水量产生更大效益;选取区域人均GDP差异最小、发展匹配度最高实现发展公平,缩小区域经济差异;通过约束条件反映水资源约束、刚性需求保障、水源用户配置关系、经济社会发展合理范围等要求;设置罚函数协调约束条件不能满足时的目标值调整。通过归一化方法将多目标转化为单目标,基于现状设置初始条件,采用线性规划等方法求解,得出协调产业发展和水量优化分配的整体结果,通过结果评价反馈调整,形成可服务于经济社会发展和水资源管控决策的方案。

安徽省资源型城市水资源承载力时空演变及其驱动因素分析

以安徽省资源型城市为样本区域,建立“人口-水质-水量-社会”评价体系;采用秩和比综合评价法,分级评价安徽省资源型城市水资源承载力;借助标准差椭圆和地理探测器分析研究区域水资源承载力的空间分异性及驱动因子的解释力大小。结果表明:2011—2021年,安徽省资源型城市的水资源承载力指数整体相对较低,2011—2015年以Ⅱ级(超载)状态为主,2015—2021年逐渐改善为Ⅲ级(临界)或Ⅳ级(不超载);安徽北部城市水资源承载力比南部城市更低,但增速较快,不均衡的水资源承载力分布格局正逐步改善;对各市水资源承载力空间分异性解释力最大的因子为生态补水用水量,其次为水污染次数和采掘业从业人员数。

基于生命周期的生活节水综合效益评价体系与应用

为定量评价生活节水综合效益,对生活节水概念内涵进行识别,考虑节水和污水再生利用的协同作用,引入生命周期思想和评价方法,提出生活节水综合效益评价体系。以节水保供、节水降损、节水增效、节水减排、节水收益五大内涵准则为框架,构建了包括“目标-准则-指标”三层级的评价指标体系,创新提出节水费效比指标的内涵和计算方法。结合费用效益分析法、模糊综合评价法、层次分析法、熵权法,采用“单指标量化-多权重计算-多指标综合-分等级评价”方法,定量计算生活节水综合效益水平及等级。以南方丰水地区浙江省金华市为例,分别针对农村、集镇和城市研究区开展实例应用。研究结果表明:提出的评价体系能较好地反映客观实际,具有较强的通用性、可靠性和适应性,可为不同区域或用水系统的节水评价工作提供技术支撑。

基于改进模糊综合评价的十堰市水资源承载力评价

十堰市是南水北调中线工程调水源头所在地和核心水源区,为全面了解十堰市水资源可持续性开发利用情况,基于水资源、生态环境、社会经济三个层面构建了十堰市水资源承载力评价指标体系,使用灰色关联分析法对指标体系进行筛选,采用熵权法-层次分析法组合权重计算指标权重,通过改进的模糊综合评价法评价了2010~2021年十堰市水资源承载力情况。结果表明,十堰市水资源承载力整体呈波动上升趋势,2016年开始稳定达到可承载状态,丰水年可达到良好承载状态;生态环境子系统和社会经济子系统呈上升趋势,而水资源子系统波动较大,无明显规律;十堰市应继续加大污、废水治理力度,调整用水结构,建设节水型社会,以实现水资源与人类社会和谐发展。

基于代谢理论的城市群水资源承载力综合评价

【目的】随着中国城市群的可持续发展,水资源短缺和时空分布不均等问题日益突出,水资源承载力对城市群的可持续发展具有重要的理论和现实意义【方法】基于区域水资源代谢理论,构建综合考虑区域水资源特征、社会经济系统特征和可持续发展原则的评价指标体系,采用TOPSIS计算了2019年京津冀城市群(BTHUA)的水资源承载力(WRCC)指数。在综合分析区域水资源现状的基础上,提出了提高区域水资源承载力的建议。【结果】结果显示:2019年BTHUA的整体承载能力指数并不高,北京市(0.5612)、天津市(0.5306)和唐山市(0.4075)评分较高,WRCC处于中等水平,仍有进一步发展的潜力。石家庄市(0.3843)、秦皇岛市(0.3165)、衡水市(0.2952)、承德市(0.2935)和邢台市(0.2674)评分中等,WRCC达到了临界值,并且发展潜力有限。而廊坊市(0.2214)、邯郸市(0.2188)、张家口市(0.2115)、保定市(0.2086)、沧州市(0.2026)评分偏低,WRCC达到上限,进一步发展的潜力非常有限。【结论】根据物质流分析,(1)水资源系统上,京津冀地区整体水资源生产能力不容乐观,水资源开发潜力不足;(2)社会经济上,BTHUA社会规模已经超过了水资源的承载能力,未来还将继续扩大;(3)生态系统上,除北京、天津、秦皇岛市,其余城市生态用水占比皆达不到标准。该研究考虑整个用水系统,可以得到比其他方法更全面、更准确的水资源承载力状况,可以为制定科学、可持续的水资源发展战略提供参考,并提供水资源利用政策和未来社会经济发展的建议。

城市水资源联合调配的综合效益评估——以北京市为例

通过分析城市水资源调配对“系统结构-社会-经济-生态环境”的影响,系统梳理水资源联合调配与综合利用的效果,基于层次分析和熵值的综合指数方法构建综合效益的评估体系。以北京市为例,评价2014-2021年多水源联合调配的实施效果。研究表明:北京市水资源调配对系统均衡结构、经济社会发展、生态环境改善等方面产生了不同程度的影响,其中生态环境效益显著。此外,综合效益指数的逐年提升表明近年来北京市水资源的联合调配有效促进了城市的可持续发展。

温室番茄水-沼液一体化的非充分灌溉模式评价

为探求温室番茄合理的水-沼液一体化非充分灌溉模式,于2021年3-7月和9-12月在甘肃省兰州市七里河区温室开展两季试验研究。应用水-沼液一体化穴灌技术在番茄3个生育期(苗期、开花坐果期和果实成熟期)设置高水低肥(充分灌溉)、中水中肥(轻度亏缺)、低水高肥(中度亏缺)3个水-沼液一体化非充分灌溉施肥水平,分析不同处理对番茄产量、灌溉水利用效率及品质的影响。构建了番茄综合品质递阶层次结构模型,并运用近似理想解(TOPSIS法)得到番茄综合品质评价值。同时,将番茄的产量、灌溉水利用效率、综合品质作为番茄综合效益的评价指标,应用组合评价法获得不同处理下番茄综合效益评价值。结果表明:T8处理(3个生育阶段均采用中水中肥)番茄单株产量最高为5.612 kg(2021年春)和5.032 kg(2021年秋);T9处理(3个生育阶段均采用低水高肥)番茄灌溉水利用效率最优为0.173 kg/L(2021年春)和0.171 kg/L(2021年秋);T8处理的番茄果形比、糖酸比、可溶性固形物、维生素C、可溶性蛋白质、果实含水率均为最高,番茄可溶性糖、可滴定酸和硬度最大值分别出现在T9、T4(苗期采用中水中肥,开花坐果期采用加低水高肥、果实成熟期采用高水低肥)和T3(苗期采用中水中肥、开花坐果期采用高水低肥、果实成熟期采用低水高肥)处理;两季试验中番茄综合品质评价和综合效益结果最好的均为T8处理。

三峡工程蓄水运用20年综合效益发挥与展望

三峡工程自2003年蓄水发电至今已运行20 a,初步设计主要功能全部实现,并适应运行条件变化和发展需求持续优化运行方式,防洪、发电、航运、水资源利用等综合效益全面发挥。截至2023年底,三峡工程累计拦洪运用66次,拦蓄洪水超2 088亿m^(3),确保了荆江河段防洪安全,极大减轻了长江中下游防洪压力;累计发出清洁电能超16 600亿kW·h,相当于节约标准煤5.1亿t,减少二氧化碳排放13.3亿t;极大改善了库区与长江中游航道条件,累计通过货运量超20亿t,有力促进了长江航运快速发展;枯水期累计向下游补水约3 400亿m^(3),有效保障了长江中下游供水安全;生态调度成效显著,四大家鱼资源量明显恢复。为了应对频发的极端水文事件带来的风险和挑战,确保三峡工程长期安全运行和持续发挥巨大综合效益,从推进气象水文预报技术研究与应用、三峡水库调度运行方案优化、创新成果转化运用、智慧化管理等方面提出了下一步工作展望。

The significance of resource recycling for coking wastewater treatment:based on environmental and economic life cycle assessment

The sustainability of the coking industry is supported by reasonable production profit and environmental quality requirements.The traditional measures substantially increased the related costs for enterprises to reach standards.This paper aims to develop a comprehensive cost combined environmental impact assessment method that is necessary for the analysis of wastewater treatment systems.Typical three coking wastewater treatment processes in China were evaluated.Results showed that eutrophication dominantly contributed to the overall environmental effect.Improving effluent quality could significantly reduce the total environmental impact.In terms of an economic perspective,the price of raw materials was the main factor that affected the operating cost of comprehensive treatment.Based on subsystem analysis,the pretreatment stage accounted for the majority of environmental and cost burdens,respectively reaching 64%-78%and 64%-86%.Optimizing the pretreatment process by enhancing the efficiency of high concentration raw material recovery and substituting toxic raw materials for extractant could reduce the environmental impact and economic cost by 43.8%and 57%,respectively,which was an effective way to improve the potential performance of coking wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs).

考虑水资源管理影响的水源配置方案优选研究

针对水源配置方案较少考虑水资源管理影响的问题,以东莞市为例,考虑水资源管理影响,构建水管理-安全-经济-环境全方位评价指标体系,并引入灰色关联系数,建立基于灰色关联-模糊综合评价耦合模型,实现水源配置方案优选。结果表明:水管理指标对方案优选结果存在影响,不考虑水资源管理影响时,水经济指标起主导作用,最优方案为3.65亿m^(3)/a的江库联网工程和0.95亿m^(3)/a的珠配工程,较优备选方案为2.92亿m^(3)/a的江库联网工程和1.68亿m^(3)/a的珠配工程;考虑水资源管理影响时,最优方案为3.65亿m^(3)/a的江库联网工程和0.95亿m^(3)/a的珠配工程,较优备选方案为0.37亿m^(3)/a的江库联网工程、3.3亿m^(3)/a的珠配工程和0.93亿m^(3)/a的已建水厂。因此,构建的指标体系与优选模型不仅考虑了当下的供水成本、供水保证率与废污水排放情况,还考虑了未来的管理难度及其带来的未知管理成本,为决策者提供更科学全面的决策依据。

基于层次分析法的南通市水资源管理能力评价

南通市从开发利用管理、用水效率管理、水资源行政管理、生态环境管理4个维度的12个具体指标,构建了水资源管理能力评价的指标体系。基于层次分析法对南通市在水资源管理方面的各项工作开展综合评价,以期进一步提高用水效率和公共供水水平,增强水资源管理能力。

黄河流域国家水利风景区综合效益评价

为提升黄河流域国家水利风景区综合效益,建立了该区域国家水利风景区综合效益的评价指标体系,运用熵权法和模糊综合评价法相结合的方式对黄河流域国家水利风景区综合效益的发挥情况进行了评价分析。结果表明,目前黄河流域国家水利风景区的综合效益发挥情况较为一般,且黄河流域下游国家水利风景区的综合效益发挥情况略逊于上游和中游。因此提出了做好水土保持工作、多途径拓展产业链、完善配套基础设施、加强水利风景区宣传推广等对策和建议,以期推动黄河流域水利风景区的高质量发展。

基于多种方法的信阳市水资源系统韧性评价

随着经济社会的发展,水资源系统面临的风险日益严重,探究水资源系统韧性对合理利用水资源、促进水资源可持续发展具有重要意义。根据信阳市水资源实际情况,从抵抗性、恢复性、适应性层面选取18个指标确立信阳市水资源系统韧性评价指标体系,基于熵权法确定各评价指标权重,采用模糊综合评价法、灰关联分析法、TOPSIS法,分别从评价对象的优劣等级、评价对象与最优方案之间关联度和评价对象与最优方案的接近程度等3个方面对信阳市2012—2021年的水资源系统韧性展开评价。结果表明:模糊综合评价法能更好地界定水资源系统韧性的评价标准;基于模糊综合评价法,2012—2021年信阳市水资源系统韧性水平主要为等级Ⅱ和Ⅲ,变化趋势总体是上升的,但仍存在提升的空间。